Understanding microbial partnerships with the medicinally and economically important crop Cannabis has the potential to affect agricultural practice by improving plant fitness and production yield. ...Furthermore, Cannabis presents an interesting model to explore plant-microbiome interactions as it produces numerous secondary metabolic compounds. Here we present the first description of the endorhiza-, rhizosphere-, and bulk soil-associated microbiome of five distinct Cannabis cultivars. Bacterial communities of the endorhiza showed significant cultivar-specificity. When controlling cultivar and soil type the microbial community structure was significantly different between plant cultivars, soil types, and between the endorhiza, rhizosphere and soil. The influence of soil type, plant cultivar and sample type differentiation on the microbial community structure provides support for a previously published two-tier selection model, whereby community composition across sample types is determined mainly by soil type, while community structure within endorhiza samples is determined mainly by host cultivar.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is recognized as a promising method for high-fidelity flow predictions in turbomachinery applications. The presented approach consists of the coupling of several instances ...of the same LES unstructured solver through an overset grid method. A high-order interpolation, implemented within this coupling method, is introduced and evaluated on several test cases. It is shown to be third order accurate, to preserve the accuracy of various second and third order convective schemes and to ensure the continuity of diffusive fluxes and subgrid scale tensors even in detrimental interface configurations. In this analysis, three types of spurious waves generated at the interface are identified. They are significantly reduced by the high-order interpolation at the interface. The latter having the same cost as the original lower order method, the high-order overset grid method appears as a promising alternative to be used in all the applications.
is a widespread and well-known bacterium that can induce a wide range of changes within its host. Ants specifically harbor a great deal of
diversity and are useful systems to study endosymbiosis. The ...turtle ants (
) are a widespread group of tropical ants that rely on gut microbes to support their herbivorous diet for their survival, yet little is known of the extent of this diversity. Therefore, studying their endosymbionts and categorizing the diversity of bacteria within
hosts could help to delimit species and identify new strains and can help lead to a further understanding of how the microbiome leads to survival and speciation in the wild. In our study, 116 individual samples were initially tested for positive infection with the
gene. Of the initial 116 samples, 9 samples were infected with only one strain of
, and 7 were able to be used successfully for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We used the new MLST data to infer a phylogeny with other Formicidae samples from the MLST online database to identify new
strains and related genes, of which only one came back as an exact match. The 18
-positive samples ranged across 15 different species and 7 different countries, which we further test for species identity and geographic correlation. This study is the first comprehensive look into the diversity of
in the turtle ants, providing insight into how endosymbionts are oriented in widespread species and providing a strong foundation for further research in host-microbe interactions.
•Response to EGFR TKI is heterogeneous among patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC.•Routine use of NGS enables co-mutations detection that may impact response to treatment.•Complex EGFR mutations are ...linked to reduced PFS and OS in patients with NSCLC.•MAPK activation is linked to reduced OS in patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC.•PTEN, ATM and IDH1 mutations are linked to low PFS and OS in patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC.
Tumor mutation screening is standard of care for patients with stage IV NSCLC. Since a couple of years, widespread NGS approaches used in routine diagnostics to detect driver mutations such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF or MET allows the identification of other alterations that could modulated the intensity or duration of response to targeted therapies. The prevalence of co-occurring alterations that could affect response or prognosis as not been largely analyzed in clinical settings and large cohorts of patients. Thanks to the IFCT program “Biomarkers France“, a collection of samples and data at a nation-wide level was available to test the impact of co-mutations on first line EGFR TKI in patients with EGFR mutated cancers.
Targeted NGS was assessed on available (n = 208) samples using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 to screen for mutations in 50 different cancer genes.
This study showed that PTEN inactivating mutations, ATM alterations, IDH1 mutations and complex EGFR mutations were predictors of short PFS in patients with a stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma receiving first line EGFR TKI and that PTEN, ATM, IDH1 and KRAS mutations as well as alterations in the MAPK pathway were related to shorter OS.
These findings may lead to new treatment options in patients with unfavorable genotypes to optimize first line responses.
Competitive interactions between distantly related clades could cause complementary diversity patterns of these clades over large spatial scales. One such example might be ants and birds in the ...eastern Himalaya; ants are very common at low elevations but almost absent at mid‐elevations where the abundance of other arthropods and insectivorous bird diversity peaks. Here, we ask if ants at low elevations could compete with birds for arthropod prey. Specifically, we studied the impact of the Asian weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina), a common aggressive ant at low elevations. Diet analysis using molecular methods demonstrate extensive diet overlap between weaver ants and songbirds at both low and mid‐elevations. Trees without weaver ants have greater non‐ant arthropod abundance and leaf damage. Experimental removal of weaver ants results in an increase in the abundance of non‐ant arthropods. Notably, numbers of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were most affected by removal experiments and were prominent components of both bird and weaver ant diets. Our results suggest that songbirds and weaver ants might potentially compete with each other for arthropod prey at low elevations, thereby contributing to lower insectivorous bird diversity at low elevations in eastern Himalaya. Competition with ants may shape vertebrate diversity patterns across broad biodiversity gradients.
Competitive interactions between distantly related clades could cause complementary diversity patterns of these clades over large spatial scales. One such example might be ants and birds in the eastern Himalaya; ants are very common at low elevations but almost absent at mid‐elevations where the abundance of other arthropods and insectivorous bird diversity peaks. Here, we present some evidence for dietary overlap between Asian Weaver ants and birds at low elevations and show that removal of weaver ants results in increase in non‐ant arthropod population on trees.
An experimental analysis of the noise radiated by a high pressure flow discharge through diaphragms and perforated plates is carried out for a large range of subsonic and supersonic operating ...conditions (nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) from 1 to 3.6). A parametric study of the geometrical parameters is also achieved to characterize their influence onto the acoustic radiation and ways to reduce it. This reaches from single diaphragms to multi-perforated plates with variable hole diameters and arrangements that are placed at the exit of a duct. Different acoustic behaviors are observed: in all cases the far-field acoustic radiation is dominated by a broadband contribution associated with the turbulent mixing in shear layers. In the diaphragm cases, this broadband noise has similar characteristics as the mixing noise of classical unheated jets while in the multi-perforated plates cases, it is composed of two distinct humps associated with different parts of the jets development. For supersonic regimes, in addition to this broadband radiation, shock associated noise (screech and broadband shock associated noise) appears for all diaphragm cases and for the perforated plate with the closest holes. Finally for the smallest NPR, a high frequency tonal noise has been observed in most of the multi-perforated cases and for the smallest diaphragm. Different regimes of this radiation have also been observed with a possible amplitude modulation of the dominant tone. This radiation may be attributed to vortex shedding due to the sharp section reduction that would trigger a flow resonance between the small ducts of the holes and their sharp edges.
Among insects, Wolbachia is an exceedingly common bacterial endosymbiont with a range of consequences of infection. Despite the frequency of Wolbachia infection, very little is known about this ...bacteria’s diversity and role within hosts, especially within ant hosts. In this study, we analyze the occurrence and diversity of Wolbachia across the spiny ants (Polyrhachis), a large and geographically diverse genus. Polyrhachis samples from throughout the host genus’ phylogenetic and biogeographical range were first screened for single infections of Wolbachia using the wsp gene and Sanger sequencing. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was then used on these singly infected samples to identify the Wolbachia strains. A Wolbachia phylogeny was inferred from the Polyrhachis samples analyzed in this study as well as other Formicidae MLST profiles from the MLST online database. We hypothesized that three key host factors were impacting Wolbachia diversity within the Polyrhachis genus: biogeography, phylogeny, and species level. The results suggest that the phylogeny and biogeography of Polyrhachis hosts have no impact on Wolbachia diversity; however, species level may have some limited influence. Additionally, Wolbachia strains appear to group according to being either Old World or New World strains. Among the taxa able to form complete MLST allelic profiles, all twenty are seemingly new strains.
Three-dimensional (3D) stacking using hybrid bonding is the most scalable method for 3D integration. As the hybrid bonding pad width is reduced to adopt a higher number of interconnections, the ...ability to extract the contact resistivity at the bonding interface with high accuracy is critical. Using specific electrical test structures and a dedicated methodology, we extract the contact resistivity for hybrid bonding pad widths down to 400 nm for a Cu/SiO
2
hybrid bonding integration. Very low values around 10
−11
Ω cm
2
were obtained for our reference process, close to the those of Cu grain boundaries. A comprehensive analysis of the experimental contact resistivity is performed to understand its increase with the Cu recess within the bonding pads. Based on thermomechanical simulations and experimental results, the influence of both the pad thickness and initial dishing on the interface closure is discussed, for bonding pad width down to 100 nm. These analyses enable us to propose process conditions to reach low contact resistivity with low sensitivity to wafer-to-wafer overlay for hybrid bonding stacking using bonding pad widths down to 100 nm.
Antarctic sea ice can incorporate high levels of iron (Fe) during its formation and has been suggested as an important source of this essential micronutrient to Southern Ocean surface waters during ...the melt season. Over the last decade, a limited number of studies have quantified the Fe pool in Antarctic sea ice, with a focus on late winter and spring. Here we study the distribution of operationally defined dissolved and particulate Fe from nine sites sampled between Wilkes Land and King George V Land during austral summer 2016/2017. Results point toward a net heterotrophic sea‐ice community, consistent with the observed nitrate limitation (<1 μM). We postulate that the recycling of the high particulate Fe pool in summer sea ice supplies sufficient (∼3 nM) levels of dissolved Fe to sustain ice algal growth. The remineralization of particulate Fe is likely favored by high concentrations of exopolysaccharides (113–16,290 μg xeq L−1) which can serve as a hotspot for bacterial activity. Finally, results indicate a potential relationship between glacial meltwater discharged from the Moscow University Ice Shelf and the occurrence of Fe‐rich (∼4.3 μM) platelet ice in its vicinity. As climate change is expected to result in enhanced Fe‐rich glacial discharge and changes in summer sea‐ice extent and quality, the processes influencing Fe distribution in sea ice that persists into summer need to be better constrained.
Plain Language Summary
Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in microalgal physiology and can control their growth in the Southern Ocean, where Fe concentrations are naturally low. Antarctic sea ice can incorporate high levels of Fe during its formation triggering phytoplankton blooms at the sea‐ice edge during the melt season. No studies to date have assessed sea‐ice Fe distributions in East Antarctica during mid‐ to late summer. Here we discuss Fe distribution in parallel with key sea‐ice physical and biological parameters measured during an expedition to East Antarctica in summer 2016/2017 to answer our central question: is Fe limiting sea‐ice primary productivity during summer? Results suggest nitrate, rather than Fe is the key nutrient controlling sea‐ice algal growth at this time of the year. We also found Fe‐rich platelet ice incorporated underneath pack ice sampled near the Moscow University Ice Shelf which suggests the potential accretion of Fe‐rich ice shelf waters under the sea ice. As climate change is expected to accelerate Antarctic ice shelve melting, a better understanding of how increased rates of glacial meltwater discharge will impact the distribution of Fe within the sea ice during summer is needed.
Key Points
Primary production in East Antarctic fast and pack sea ice is not Fe‐limited during summer
Low nitrate and high exopolysaccharide concentrations suggest heterotrophic dominance in Antarctic summer sea ice
Fe‐rich platelet sea ice near the Moscow University Ice Shelf indicates an influence of glacial meltwater in the coastal distribution of Fe
Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of an evaporating two-phase flow in an experimental burner are investigated. Two different numerical approaches for the simulation of the dispersed phase are coupled to ...the same gaseous solver: a mesoscopic Eulerian method and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique. The spray is represented by a single droplet size owing to the locally monodisperse formulation of the employed mesoscopic Eulerian approach. Both approaches use the same drag and evaporation models. They do not take into account the atomization process and a simplified injection model is applied instead. The presented methodology, referred as FIM-UR (Fuel Injection Method by Upstream Reconstruction) defines injection profiles for the monodisperse spray produced by a pressure-swirl atomizer. It is designed so as to ensure similar spray characteristics for both approaches and allows for a direct comparison between them. After a validation of the purely gaseous flow in the burner, liquid-phase dynamics and droplet dispersion are qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated for the Eulerian and Lagrangian simulations. Results obtained for both approaches are in very good agreement and compare reasonably with experiments, indicating that simplified injection methods are appropriate for the simulation of realistic combustor geometries.
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