Brazilian coffee production relies on the cultivation of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Climate change has been responsible for the decreasing yield of the crops in the country yet the ...associated microbial community can mitigate these effects by improving plant growth and defense. Although some studies have tried to describe the microorganisms associated with these Coffea species, a study that compares the microbiome on a wider spatial scale is needed for a better understanding of the terroir of each coffee planting region. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the microbial communities harbored in soils and fruits of these Coffea species in four Brazilian floristic domains (Amazon, Atlantic Forest Caatinga, and Cerrado). One hundred and eight samples (90 of soil and 90 of fruits) were used in the extraction and sequencing of the fungal and bacterial DNA. We detected more than 1000 and 500 bacterial and fungal genera, respectively. Some soil microbial taxa were more closely related to one coffee species than the other species. Bacillus bataviensis tends to occur more in arid soils from the Caatinga, while the fungus Saitozyma sp. was more related to soils cultivated with C. arabica. Thus, the species and the planting region (floristic domain) of coffee affect the microbial composition associated with this crop. This study is the first to report microbial communities associated with coffee produced in four floristic domains that include sites in eight Brazilian states. Data generated by DNA sequencing provides new insights into microbial roles and their potential for the developing more sustainable coffee management, such as the production of biofertilizers and starter culture for fermentation of coffee cherries.
Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the metabolites formation that influence the nutritional and sensory quality of the beverage. Thus, the ...objective of this study was to analyze the effect of coffee cherries processing and fermentation conditions on the microbial communities and the chemical and sensory quality of the beverage. Induced fermentation changed in the bacteria and fungi communities (Treatments: T1, T3, and T7).
Klebsiella
sp. inoculation (T1) allowed an increase in richness of bacteria and 81 points in the sensory score over the fermentation time. However, there was a reduction in richness of microbial community in treatments with
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(T3 and T7)
.
An increase in the indexes of microbial diversity was observed in 72 h in treatment with coffee pulp (T2). In treatment with coffee cherries and spontaneous fermentation (T4) had a higher sensory score than other treatments, indicating a sensory gain from 36 to 72 h. Coffee cherries with superficial disinfection (T5) had a reduction in microbial profile, but did not change the final score of the beverage over the 72 h. In T6 (floaters fruits) was observed an alteration in the fungal community (36–72 h) and the lowest sensory score. The impact of adding water on coffee fermentation was dependent on time (T3 and T7). Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has a positive correlation with the final score of the beverage. Thus, microbial profile and sensory score of beverages are dependent of conditions of processing of coffee fruits and fermentation.
The consumer market has a strong tendency to consume specialty coffees, making it essential to understand the influence of environmental conditions, such as solar radiation and altitude, on coffee ...quality. This study aimed to analyze the physical and sensory quality of Arabica coffee as a function of different altitudes and incident solar radiation on the coffee tree. The study was carried out in the city of Manhuaçu-MG, Brazil. Three altitudes (950, 1050 and 1150 m above mean sea level) and two sides of coffee exposure to solar radiation (east face: morning sun and west face: afternoon sun) were studied in two post-harvest processing (natural and peeled cherry). Sensory attributes, granulometry and occurrence of coffee defects were evaluated, in order to verify if there was variation in the physical and sensorial characteristics of the coffee. It was found that at an altitude of 1150mamsl, on the exposed face of the plant that received the afternoon sun, there was the formation of better-quality coffee, when compared to the face that received the morning sun. On the other hand, at lower altitudes, coffees from the face of the plant exposed to the morning sun showed a greater association with physical and sensory quality parameters.
•Coffee filtration methods were more preferred than pressure methods.•Appearance and aroma were the most relevant attributes for untrained consumers.•Mid-infrared has proven to be useful in ...separating brewing methods.
Coffee beverage presents unique organoleptic characteristics of aroma and taste. These sensory attributes depend on the chemical composition of the brewed coffee. Our objectives were to determine the sensory quality of the coffee beverage obtained by different brewing methods as assessed by untrained tasters and to characterize the solid residues of this extraction using the medium infrared spectrum. Four brewing methods were evaluated by 124 untrained consumers. The infusion method presented better global impression and preference of these consumers than the other brewing methods. Significant changes in the chemical composition of the coffee residues were observed. These changes influenced the acceptance of the consumers and can be due to the potential of retention or filtering of organic compounds by the brewing method. Thus, there was a sensory quality difference among the brewing methods and the infrared spectrum indicated the need to distinguish the classes of organic compounds for a better understanding of how coffee brewing interacts with the chemical composition.
•Microorganisms act directly on coffee beverage quality.•Induced fermentation increases the sensory classification of coffee beverage.•Total sensory score for fermented coffee was higher than ...unfermented coffee.•Total score was higher in the washed method than in dry fermentation at 108 and 216 h.•The formation of groups in dry fermentation was mainly due to balance and body.
Microorganisms influence the sensory quality of the coffee beverage through the compounds degradation or release of metabolites that diffuse into the fruit. However, type and duration of fermentation can contribute to the growth and diversity of microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the microbial and sensory profile of Arabica coffees under different fruit-processing conditions and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Coffee cherries were used in the dry fermentation and washed fermentation at 28°C. Fermentation time ranged from 36 to 288 hours. A panel of sensory attributes was evaluated by 9 Q-graders. Mid-infrared spectra were obtained in the wavenumber range from 4000 to 650 cm−1. Microbial analyses were performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Total sensory score for fermented coffee was higher than for unfermented coffee. In 108 and 216 hours of fermentation, the total score was higher in washed fermentation than in dry fermentation, which also shows the influence of post-harvest processing and the removal of husk on the quality of fermented coffee. Balance and body were the sensory attributes that most contributed to group formation in dry fermentation. Thus, induced fermentation increases the sensory classification of coffee beverages with positive effects on chemical and sensory profiles.
The sensory profile from the Coffea canephora stands out for being denser, less sweet, presenting less acidity, and having characteristics of a marked aroma of roasted cereals. Coffee is essentially ...a terroir product, that is, directly influenced by environmental aspects, both natural and anthropic, in this sense, it has been argued that Coffea canephora is linked to the context of inferior coffees in sensory terms by the terroir conditions. This study aimed to characterize and investigate the terroir in different areas of Conilon coffee production, with the application of different fermentation methods, and to observe their possible gains and losses in the sensory quality of Coffea canephora. Cherry coffee samples were collected in six municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, which has an altitude variation from 376 m to 866 m. The study showed that the local characteristics of altitude and temperature directly influence the sensory quality, as well as demonstrated that natural fermentation in a specific altitude zone delivered good results, fixing the terroir factor. Finally, it was demonstrated that induced fermentation helps to improve sensory quality for higher altitude areas, indicating the possibility of reformulating the terroir of Conilon coffee production.
The quality of coffee is one of the most important requirements in the commercialization of the product, and the post-harvest stage is decisive in the production of excellent coffees. The region of ...Mutum, MG, Brazil, is predominantly coffee-growing, with high potential for the production of specialty coffees. Due to the social and economic importance of coffee production in the Matas de Minas region, research has been demanded with the aim of providing technological information that provides improvements in quality and consequent price aggregation of the coffee bag. Among the several factors that may affect coffee quality are the processing system, the drying method and the altitude. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of Arabica coffee at different altitudes, submitted to different processing systems and drying methods. The work was conducted at the Cabeceira do Imbiruçu, in a randomized complete block design,with treatments arranged in a scheme comprising sub-subdivided plots (2 x 2 x 2), with four replications. In the plots, the two altitudes (850 and 1050 m), in the subplotsthe two processingsystems (dry (natural) and wet (peeled cherry)) and in the sub-subplotstwo drying methods (cement and suspended yard, both covered). Sensory and electrical conductivity analyzes were performed. The fruits of coffee trees located at altitudes of 1050 m have sensory attributes superior to those of altitudes of 850 m. The best results of the coffee flavor and aroma sensory attributes were obtained in the wet processing system when compared to a dry (natural) processing system. The electrical conductivity of the coffee beans obtained in the wet processing system was lower than that obtained in the dry processing system (natural), which gives a better beverage quality. Drying methods in suspended yard and cement yard, both with plastic cover and if technically conducted, do not influence the sensory characteristics of the Arabica coffee.
Among the different strategies adopted to improve the quality of Coffea canephora, fermentation is considered a promising technology to modulate the organoleptic characteristics of the beverage. ...Considering the possibility of providing a change in sensory profile through fermentation, this study aims to evaluate the chemical and sensory changes promoted by carbonic maceration in C. canephora whose effect is still unknown. The study was implemented in anaerobic conditions with different fermentation times (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) and temperatures (18, 28, and 38 °C). The processed grains were subject to sensory analysis and medium infrared spectroscopy. Significant linear functional relationships were observed between total score and temperature for fermentation times of 24, 72, and 96 h and that the total score increased with fermentation temperature. Although a clear connection with sensory results was not observed, infrared analysis was able to point out important correlations with quality through stretches observed in infrared spectrum regions. Thus, there is feasibility of applying the carbonic maceration technique for grain processing of C. canephora.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. The genetic variability of
Coffea canephora
has demonstrated significant differences in the chemical compositions of genotypes, ...resulting in different sensory profiles in the beverage. Fermentation can also affect the sensory quality of coffee beverage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the sensory profile and the chemical groups that contribute to the sensory qualities of the coffee beverage of
C. canephora
var. Conilon genotypes subjected to different fermentation processes. Fermentations were carried out with 4 L of cherry coffee or peeled cherry coffee for 36 h at 25 ℃. In the induced fermentation, the initial Colony Forming Unit (CFU/mL) was of 10
7
for S
accharomyces cerevisiae
,
Klebsiella
sp, and
Lactobacillus brevis
. There was no microbial inoculation in the washed fermentation and the natural process. The sensory quality and chemical groups of the coffee were determined using the Uganda Coffee Development Authority Sensory Analysis Protocol with 6 Q-Graders and mid-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The sensory and spectrometry analyses were able to distinguish the genotypes, highlighting the separations of genotypes A1 and Verdim with the worst sensory results, and genotype 153 with the best result. Groups formation through the mean Euclidean distance reinforces the sensory differences between fermentations. Furthermore, the greatest chemical changes in coffee beans were promoted by fermentation induced by
S. cerevisiae
. Thus, the genotypes and the type of fermentation influence in the sensory quality demonstrating potential for optimizing fermentations to improve the sensory quality of conilon coffee.
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