Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the treated effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and from the river Seine under high human pressure has been separated into three fractions: hydrophobic ...(containing humic and fulvic substances), transphilic and hydrophilic using a two column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins. The acid base properties and the binding characteristics with respect to Pb ions (using the new electroanalytical technique AGNES, Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) have been studied and fitted to NICA (Non-Ideal Competitive Isotherm). We evaluated the binding potential of each DOM fraction in order to better predict the speciation of Pb and, later, its bioavailability in the river. The total binding capacity of the different fractions to Pb, as well as the total titratable charge, reaches its maximum value at the most hydrophilic fraction from the treated effluent. Specific properties of the distribution of the complexing sites within each DOM fraction have been exposed by plotting the conditional affinity spectrum (CAS). The addition of these distributions, weighted according to the respective abundance of each organic fraction, allows for a full description of the Pb binding properties of the whole DOM of a sampling site. Despite its weak aromaticity, the hydrophilic fraction from the wastewater treatment plant effluent exhibits a high lead binding affinity, so that at typical environmental pH and free Pb levels (0.1
μg
L
−1), Pb is mainly bound to the most hydrophilic fraction of the treated effluent (49% of bound Pb at pH 7). This feature may greatly enhance the transport of Pb and highlights that Pb speciation should also consider other fractions apart from humic and/or fulvic acids when studying surface waters under high human pressure.
Our purpose was to study the relationship of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with urinary factors that favor the formation of renal calcium and uric acid stones in overweight and obese ...participants who had metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study examined 267 participants. A well-known MedDiet score (range 0-9) was calculated for each patient, and patients were then categorized has having low (≤3), medium (4-5), or high (≥6) adherence to the MedDiet. Baseline characteristics and urinary parameters were also analyzed. High calcium salt urinary crystallization risk (CaUCR) and high uric acid urinary crystallization risk (UrUCR) were calculated from urinary parameters using pre-defined criteria. More than half of patients with MedDiet scores ≤3 had high UrUCR (55.4%) and high CaUCR (53.8%). In contrast, fewer patients with high adherence (≥6) to the MedDiet had high UrUCR (41.2%) and high CaUCR (29.4%). Relative to those with low adherence, individuals with high adherence had a prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.77 for a high UrUCR (95% CI: 0.46-1.12; p for trend: 0.069) and a PR of 0.51 for a high CaUCR (95% CI: 0.26-0.87; p for trend: 0.012) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and total energy intake. Our findings indicate that greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a reduced CaUCR and a reduced UrUCR. This suggests that adequate dietary management using the MedDiet patterns may prevent or reduce the incidence and recurrence of calcium salt and uric acid renal stones.
El articulo analiza el sistema urbano de Mallorca a partir de los establecimientos de venta al por menor y los servicios entre 1970 y 2011. Para ello, se toma como referencia la metodología de Brian ...Berry (1971) y su aplicación pionera en Mallorca por Alberto Quintana (1979). Así, ha podido llegarse a la conclusión que 40 años más tarde la estructura del sistema urbano se ha modificado profundamente, debido, sobre todo, a la mayor dispersión de población y establecimientos, lo cual ha propiciado una redistribución de la jerarquía de municipios, altamente influenciada por el turismo.
Ciutat i territori a Mallorca Mestre Morey, Margalida
Documents d'anàlisi geogràfica,
05/2015, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Una de les conseqüències de la revolució turística iniciada durant la dècada de 1960 ha estat la consolidació definitiva del concepte de macrocefàlia per definir la relació de la ciutat de Palma amb ...la resta del sistema urbà de Mallorca. Tanmateix, analitzant l’evolució de la població mallorquina a les darreres dècades, ens trobem amb el fet que la hipòtesi de la concentració excessiva de població esdevé cada cop més difícil de sustentar. L’article aborda la problemàtica mitjançant metodologies clàssiques sobre la jerarquia dels sistemes urbans, com són la regla del rang-grandària (rank-size rule) i l’índex de primacia, complementades amb l’estudi de la dispersió del poblament. L’article conclou afirmant que el sistema no es pot seguir analitzant a partir de l’oposició entre la realitat urbana de Palma i la de la resta de l’illa, sinó que és necessari adoptar una nova perspectiva basada en el reconeixement de la integració del conjunt de Mallorca com un únic sistema integrat i interdependent.
El articulo analiza el sistema urbano de Mallorca a partir de los establecimientos de venta al por menor y los servicios entre 1970 y 2011. Para ello, se toma como referencia la metodología de Brian ...Berry (1971) y su aplicación pionera en Mallorca por Alberto Quintana (1979). Así, ha podido llegarse a la conclusión que 40 años más tarde la estructura del sistema urbano se ha modificado profundamente, debido, sobre todo, a la mayor dispersión de población y establecimientos, lo cual ha propiciado una redistribución de la jerarquía de municipios, altamente influenciada por el turismo.
PDF
