We propose an experimental method for evaluating the adiabatic condition during quantum annealing (QA), which will be essential for solving practical problems. The adiabatic condition consists of the ...transition matrix element and the energy gap, and our method simultaneously provides information about these components without diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. The key idea is to measure the power spectrum of a time domain signal by adding an oscillating field during QA, and we can estimate the values of the transition matrix element and energy gap from the measurement output. Our results provides a powerful experimental basis for analyzing the performance of QA.
Japan has conducted a nationwide annual health check-up program since 2008, focusing on metabolic syndrome and subsequent health guidance in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. ...However, the adherence rate to health guidance invitations was assumed to be low in previous reports. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize adherence patterns in the program and identify major predictors of adherence to health guidance invitations.
We studied 186,316 adults (aged 40-74 years) who were included in a nationwide employer-sponsored insurer's database in Japan at the beginning of the fiscal year 2017. We first described adherence to health check-ups, the proportion of individuals with high cardiovascular risk, and adherence to health guidance invitations. Predictors of adherence to the invitation were then identified among eligible high-risk individuals.
In 2017, 71.7% of the study population (n = 133,573) underwent health check-ups, among whom 23.2% (n = 30,979) were invited for health guidance because of their high cardiovascular risk. Among those individuals, 35.2% (n = 10,614) received health guidance. Predictors of improved adherence to health guidance invitation were older age, more concerning blood pressure or laboratory data results, and self-reported motivation for a lifestyle change.
Though 70% of eligible adults attended Japan's annual cardiovascular risk check-ups, only 35% of individuals with high cardiovascular risk adhered to health guidance invitations. Future policy reforms to improve adherence to this program should target younger individuals and those with mild stages of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between repetitive proteinuria and cardiovascular events among the middle-aged and older general Japanese population.DesignRetrospective cohort ...study.SettingWe used repeated health screening results and medical claim data from one of the largest health insurers in Japan.ParticipantsAmong the middle-aged and older participants (40–74 years, n=179 840), 90 752 were excluded for undergoing health screening fewer than two times and 344 were excluded for having a history of cardiovascular diseases; 88 744 who underwent kidney function screenings at least two times (from April 2011 to March 2015) were included in the analysis. Based on dipstick proteinuria test results, the participants were divided into ‘Repetitively-positive’ (positive two times or more (positive proteinuria was defined as≥1+)), ‘Once-positive’ and ‘All-negative’ groups.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome of major cardiovascular events from baseline screening to June 2021 was hospitalisation or death due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebrovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) or peripheral vascular diseases (PVDs). The association between proteinuria and major cardiovascular events was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf the 88 744 participants, 8775 (9.9%) and 5498 (6.2%) had Once-positive and Repetitively-positive proteinuria, respectively. During the follow-up period of 402 799 person-years (median 5.25 years), 660 cardiovascular events were observed, with an incidence of 1.64 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1.52 to 1.77). Despite adjusting for major cardiovascular risk factors, we observed a high incidence of cardiovascular events in the Repetitively-positive (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.59) and Once-positive groups (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.72). We found similar associations for AMI, cerebrovascular disease, HF and PVD.ConclusionsProteinuria is often repeatedly detected during annual renal screening in the general population. Repetitive proteinuria is a risk factor for major cardiovascular events.
To investigate silicon effects on the hydrogen-induced volume expansion of iron, neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted to examine hcp-Fe0.95Si0.05 under high pressures ...and high temperatures. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on the deuterated hcp-Fe0.95Si0.05 at 13.5 GPa and 900 K, and at 12.1 GPa and 300 K. The hydrogen occupancy was determined from the obtained profiles using Rietveld analysis. By combining the P–V–T equation of state of hcp-Fe0.95Si0.05, the present results indicate that the hydrogen-induced volume expansion of hcp-Fe0.95Si0.05 is 10% greater than that of pure hcp iron. Using the obtained values, we estimated the hydrogen content that would reproduce the density deficit in the inner core, which was 50% less than that without the effect of silicon. Possible hydrogen content, x, in the inner core and the outer core was calculated to be 0.07 and 0.12–0.15, respectively when reproducing the density deficit of the inner core with hcp-Fe0.95Si0.05Hx.
Background:Although anticoagulation is the key treatment to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), including elderly patients, anticoagulation is sometimes withheld for elderly ...people because of concerns about frailty. However, it remains unknown whether frailty increases bleeding events.Methods and Results:A total of 120 consecutive non-valvular AF patients admitted with symptoms of AF or congestive heart failure were included in this study. Frailty was assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty index. We performed a retrospective analysis of the risk factors associated with major bleeding events. After a median follow-up of 518 days, major bleeding events occurred in 17 (14.2%) patients. Patients with major bleeding events had a higher CHS frailty index (P=0.015). The cutoff value for high-risk CHS frailty index was 2 (area under the ROC curve: 0.68 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.78). The event-free rates at 2 years were 97.6% (95% CI: 83.9–99.7) in patients with a CHS frailty index <2 and 59.6% (95% CI: 27.9–81.0) for those with a CHS frailty index ≥2 (P<0.001).Conclusions:Frailty is associated with increased bleeding events related to anticoagulant therapy in patients previously hospitalized with AF. Greater care should be taken with patients with a CHS frailty index ≥2.
Abstract
Hydrogen (H) is considered to be one of the candidates for light elements in the Earth’s core, but the amount and timing of delivery have been unknown. We investigated the effects of sulfur ...(S), another candidate element in the core, on deuteration of iron (Fe) in iron–silicate–water system up to 6–12 GPa, ~ 1200 K using in situ neutron diffraction measurements. The sample initially contained saturated water (D
2
O) as Mg(OD)
2
in the ideal composition (Fe–MgSiO
3
–D
2
O) of the primitive Earth. In the existence of water and sulfur, phase transitions of Fe, dehydration of Mg(OD)
2
, and formation of iron sulfide (FeS) and silicates occurred with increasing temperature. The deuterium (D) solubility (
x
) in iron deuterides (FeD
x
) increased with temperature and pressure, resulting in a maximum of
x
= 0.33(4) for the hydrous sample without S at 11.2 GPa and 1067 K. FeS was hardly deuterated until Fe deuteration had completed. The lower D concentrations in the S-containing system do not exceed the miscibility gap (
x
< ~ 0.4). Both H and S can be incorporated into solid Fe and other light elements could have dissolved into molten iron hydride and/or FeS during the later process of Earth’s evolution.
Large amounts of hydrous components can be stored in the deep Earth. The Earth’s core is thought to contain light elements because of its lower density compared to pure iron. Among several candidates ...for light elements in the core, hydrogen is the most promising light element because of its high solar abundance and siderophile nature; the Earth’s core can be an important hydrogen reservoir. To understand the density deficit induced by the incorporation of hydrogen into iron, the unit cell volume of iron and the concentration of hydrogen must be determined. Neutron diffraction experiments under high pressure and high temperature solve this problem. In Japan, the PLANET beamline at MLF, J-PARC, which enables neutron diffraction measurements at high pressure, is open to users worldwide. A unique feature of the PLANET beamline is the six-axis multi-anvil press, ATSUHIME. The press can generate high pressure around 10 GPa and high temperature using a 6-6 type cell assembly, with an available sample volume of approximately 50 mm3. By use of a 6-8 type cell assembly, the generated pressure is higher than 20 GPa, which corresponds to the pressure in the mantle transition zone. This paper reviews recent progress in the study of iron hydrides under high pressure and high temperature in relation to hydrogen in the Earth’s core.
"Miniaturization" is one of the most important aspects in today's technology. Organic chemistry is no exception. The search for highly effective, controllable, environmentally friendly methods for ...preparing products is of prime importance. The development of multiphase organic reactions in microchannel reactors has gained significant importance in recent years to allow novel reactivity, and has led to many fruitful results that are not attainable in conventional reactors. This Focus Review aims to shed light on how effectively multiphase organic reactions can be conducted with microchannel reactors by providing examples of recent remarkable studies, which have been grouped on the basis of the phases involved.
Novel deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) reportedly changes the image quality characteristics based on object contrast and image noise. In clinical practice, computed tomography image noise is ...usually controlled by tube current modulation (TCM) to accommodate changes in object size. This study aimed to evaluate the image quality characteristics of DLIR for different object sizes when the in-plane noise was controlled by TCM. Images acquisition was performed on a GE Revolution CT system to investigate the impact of the DLIR algorithm compared to the standard reconstructions of filtered-back projection (FBP) and hybrid iterative reconstruction (hybrid-IR). The image quality assessment was performed using phantom images, and an observer study was conducted using clinical cases. The image quality assessment confirmed the excellent noise- reduction performance of DLIR, despite variations due to phantom size. Similarly, in the observer study, DLIR received high evaluations regardless of the body parts imaged. We evaluated a novel DLIR algorithm by replicating clinical behaviors. Consequently, DLIR exhibited higher image quality than those of FBP and hybrid-IR in both phantom and observer studies, albeit the value depended on the reconstruction strength, and proved itself capable of providing stable image quality in clinical use.
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