The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between body mass index (BMI), Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), and levels of physical activity (PA) from sedentary to very vigorous intensities, ...measured by accelerometry, in students from a middle and high school.
This cross-sectional study included 111 children and adolescents, age 11 to 18 years. PA was assessed with an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days (1 minute epoch) using specific cut-points. PA components were derived using special written software (MAHUffe). CRF was assessed by maximal multistage 20m shuttle run. T-test was used to test differences between BMI groups, Pearson's correlation, to analyze correlations between all variables and multinomial logistic regression, and to predict the value of BMI categories.
This paper provides evidence that BMI was inversely and significantly correlated with CRF. Only CRF was correlated with Vigorous and Very Vigorous PA levels and total amount of PA. Children with Overweight/Obesity were less likely to perform more laps than normal weight counterparts. The total amount or intensity level of PA did not show any influence on BMI level.
Low CRF is strongly associated with obesity, which highlights the importance of increasing CRF for a protective effect even in youth. No associations were found for PA and BMI.
Poor growth in early childhood has been considered irreversible after 2-3 years of age and has been associated with morbidity and mortality over the short-term and with poor economic and cognitive ...outcomes over the long-term. The MAL-ED cohort study was performed in eight low-income settings with the goal of evaluating relationships between the child's environment and experience (dietary, illness, and pathogen exposure, among others) and their growth and development. The goal of this analysis is to determine whether there are differences in the factors associated with growth from 24 to 60 months using two different metrics.
Across six MAL-ED sites, 942 children had anthropometry data at 24 and 60 months, as well as information about socioeconomic status, maternal height, gut permeability (lactulose-mannitol z-score (LMZ)), dietary intake from 9 to 24 months, and micronutrient status. Anthropometric changes were in height- or weight-for-age z-score (HAZ, WAZ), their absolute difference from the growth standard median (HAD (cm), WAD (kg)), as well as recovery from stunting/underweight. Outcomes were modeled using multivariate regression.
At 24 months, almost half of the cohort was stunted (45%) and 21% were underweight. Among those who were stunted at 24 months (n = 426), 185 (43%) were no longer stunted at 60 months. Most children increased their HAZ from 24 to 60 months (81%), whereas fewer (33%) had positive changes in their HAD. Linear regression models indicate that girls improved less than boys from 24 to 60 months (HAZ: -0.21 (95% CI -0.27, -0.15); HAD: -0.75 (-1.07, -0.43)). Greater intestinal permeability (higher LMZ) at 0-24 months was associated with lower relative and absolute changes from 24 to 60 months (HAZ: -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04); HAD: -0.47 (-0.73, -0.21)). Maternal height (per 10 cm) was positively associated with changes (HAZ: 0.09 (0.03, 0.15); HAD: 0.45 (0.15, 0.75)). Similar relationships were identified for changes in WAZ and WAD.
The study children demonstrated improved growth from 24 to 60 months of age, but only a subset had positive changes in HAD and WAD. The same environmental factors were associated with growth from 24 to 60 months regardless of metric used (change in HAZ or HAD, or WAZ and WAD).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper assesses the impact of aid on tax revenue effort in the context of a fragile state, focusing on Comoros. The paper estimates a fiscal response model within a cointegrated vector ...autoregressive framework with annual data for Comoros's post‐independence period (1984–2017). Results suggest that grants and tax revenue had a significant negative relationship in the long run that remained stable throughout the sample period. Grants are a politically less costly source of finance, reducing the urgency of fragile states' fiscal planners to expend their reduced political capital and administrative capacity on tax collection reforms. This effect may be amplified by the large one‐off budget support grants received from bilateral partners, which often have stopped tax reform initiatives. From the Comorian government's perspective, being aware of this negative relationship is an important step to ensure that long‐term priorities in tax capacity building are not undermined by short‐term objectives in guaranteeing political stability. Furthermore, multilateral official development partners could attempt to compensate for the negative effect of unconditional aid by engaging additional resources for tax capacity building projects and budget support programmes that include sound tax‐related reforms.
Pregnant and postpartum women infected by COVID-19 are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including negative effects on their mental health. Brazilian maternal mortality rate due to COVID-19 is ...2.5 times higher than overall mortality rates. This study aimed to understand how pregnant/postpartum women experienced the COVID-19 suspicion/investigation or confirmed infection in different Brazilian cities, the pandemic's consequences to women and their families, and their needs to improve maternal health services during public health emergencies.
We conducted a qualitative study with 27 women with COVID-19 and 6 of their family members, as part of a multicenter study among 15 maternity hospitals in Brazil. We applied in-depth interviews through telephone calls when women received the diagnostic or had a suspect infection and after 60 days. Another semi-structured interview was applied to their close family members. The interviews were considered through thematic analysis.
From the thematic content analysis three major themes emerged from the first and second interviews: (Cucinotta and Vanelli, 2020) assistance received by the woman and newborn in the medical services; (World Health Organization (WHO) 2021) stigma/fear of contamination from health workers and from family and friends reported by the women; (Allotey et al., 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic impact.
Before the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine, pregnant women experienced fear of death, hospitalization, quarantine, loss of family members, and financial repercussions, resulting in physical, psychological, and socioeconomic impacts on these women's lives.
We present, for the first time, a new CV based technique to extract the Active Dopant Profile under the spacer in thin film FDSOI devices (CV-AJP). The methodology is successfully applied to FDSOI ...devices fabricated at 500°C for 3D sequential integration. It shows that the ION/ IOFF trade-off relies mainly on the chemical dopant introduction below the offset spacer, as the activation level obtained with thermal activation is found to be high enough. The LT device demonstrated in this work, already outperforms the literature. The active profile extraction also allows to draw guidelines for further device performance improvement: using a scaled SiCO spacer (5,5nm) allows to circumvent the negligible dopant diffusion at 500°C without dynamic performance penalty due to its low-k dielectric value.
Two Ultra-Fast capacitance characterization methods based on the displacement current measure are explored for MOS capacitance devices. The first method measure the variation of charge obtained from ...several 100ns short pulses while the second uses a (1 to 5µs/V) continuous ramp to perform the capacitance measurement. Different applications are investigated for each method depending on measurement time and precision. The short pulsed method is used to perform a CV trap spectroscopy. Thanks to distinctive charging and discharging phases we are able to separately extract the capture and emission behavior of interface traps. We demonstrate that BTI characterization can be performed on simple MOScap using CV measurements based on IV ramp as in MOSFET devices. Furthermore, both methods can be combined in oxides presenting a high hysteresis behavior, to separately characterize low frequency oxide trapping from high frequency interface state trapping.
The present study aimed to determine the effects of different traditional cooking methods on folate (tetrahydrofolate - THF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate - 5- MTHF and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate - 5-FTHF) ...retention in leafy vegetables. The analysis of folates was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with detection by fluorescence, using gradient elution, mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buf- fer solution. The retention of isomers in vegetables after cooking ranged from 17.0 % to 87.2 % for THF, 53.4 - 94.1% for 5-MTHF and 39.0 - 107.9% for 5-FTHF. The retention of folates depended on the food matrix, the kind of isomer, and the cooking methods used. It is recommended that one should have more control over the choices for methods and time of cooking and the amount of water used at home and at foodservice as well.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to correlate the climatic heat stress indices and the dry matter intake of Nellore young bulls during the finishing phase of a feedlot period, in the dry ...season in Brazil. In this trial, 222 Nellore young bulls(+350 kg initial weight and +22 month of age) were individually weighed, blocked by initial body weight and maintained in collective pens for 105 days. The same diet was provided for all animals (90 and 10%, for concentrate and forage, respectively). Data were collected during the dry season, which were measured the bioclimate index (higher ambient temperature (HT), lowest ambient temperature (LT) and average (AT) ambient temperature; temperature-humidity index (THI) and the Black Globe Humidity and Temperature Index (BGHI). Feed offered was monitored daily as well as feed refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily dry matter intake (DMI). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between HT, LT, AT, THI, BGHI and DMI. Average for dry matter intake were 9.67 kg/day, although the bioclimatic averages for relative humidity were 53% and HT, LT, AT, THI and BGHI were 32.7ºC, 13.2ºC, 22.9ºC, 69.73 respectively. There were no correlation between the dry matter intake and the bioclimatic index (r = 0.09, r = 0.13, r = 0.13, r = 0.13 and r = 0.12 for HT, LT, AT, THI and BGHI, respectively The temperature did not influence the dry matter intake of Nellore calves in feedlot system.
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Abstract
The study involved 64 Nellore (Bos indicus) and 96 Angus (Bos taurus) young bulls (+340 kg initial weight and +22 month of age) to evaluate the effect of supplementation of condensed tannin ...extract on carcass traits of young bulls in feedlot system (105 days - finishing phase). Assigned to a randomized complete block design defined by initial BW, pens were assigned to one of four treatments: (T1) 14% CP +25 ppm Monensin (MON)); (T2) 14% CP + 25 ppm MON + 0,15% Tannin (TN); (T3) 14% CP + 0,15% TN and (T4) 13% CP + 25 ppm MON + 0,15% TN. The treatments provided the same diet for all animals (90 and 10%, for concentrate and forage, respectively), varying only the inclusion of the different additives and CP level. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with initial weight as a covariant, and the effects were considered signifcant when P < 0.05. Eight animals were slaughtered at the beginning of experiment as a reference group for the remaining animals. Carcass datas were used to estimate the average total carcass gain and average daily carcass gain. At the end of the finishing period, the young bulls were slaughtered. Carcasses were identified, weighed and refrigerated at 4°C for 24 hours. No effect of treatments for hot carcass weight (P=0.714), yield grade (P=0.739), average total carcass gain (P=0.725) and average daily carcass gain (P=0.729). In conclusion, the inclusion of condensed tannin extract in the diet of young bulls in feedlot system not affected the carcass characteristics
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