Zumba is an alternative type of dance-exercise for improving fitness and cardiovascular risk in women. However, the aerobic training intensity of Zumba for healthy adult women is unclear.
To describe ...heart rate (HR), lactate and energy-expenditure during a Zumba class, relating them to participants’ second ventilatory threshold (VT2). Comparisons were performed with a low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise session (walking/running).
Ten healthy women (28±3.2 yrs, BMI 25.3±2.7) were examined on three occasions, in a randomized cross-over study: preliminary tests (body composition/aerobic fitness), session 1 (Zumba), and session 2 (aerobic exercise, 65% HRreserve). Fingertip blood samples were taken pre, at 25min, and post exercise sessions. HR was continuously measured. VT2 was determined from the HR deflection point obtained during a maximum effort test.
Zumba presented higher HR percentage of VT2 (95.3%) than walking (86%). Lactate concentration (mmol.L−1) of Zumba (10.9±3.4) was superior to aerobic exercise (6.9±3.6) at 25min, also post-exercise. Both Zumba and aerobic exercise increased lactate responses at 25min and post-exercise, when compared to rest. Energy-expenditure of Zumba (573.9±100.3) was superior to aerobic exercise (260.4±63.8).
Exercise intensity of Zumba was superior to low-intensity aerobic exercise, with HR and lactate responses corresponding to participants’ VT2. This suggests that Zumba may be used as a promising way of increasing levels of physical activity at moderate-vigorous intensity, enhancing cardiovascular fitness and reducing CVR in health adult women.
La zumba est une modalité d’entraînement aérobie à type de danse utilisée pour améliorer la condition physique et le risque cardiovasculaire des femmes. Cependant, le niveau dintensité d’exercice que représente la Zumba chez des femmes adultes en bonne santé reste mal précisée.
Situer la fréquence cardiaque (FC), le lactate et la dépense énergétique lors d’un cours de Zumba, par rapport au deuxième seuil ventilatoire (SV2) des participantes. Des comparaisons ont été effectuées avec une séance d’exercices aérobies d’intensité faible à modérée (marche/course).
Dix femmes en bonne santé (28±3,2 ans, IMC 25,3±2,7) ont été examinées à trois reprises, dans une étude croisée randomisée: tests préliminaires (composition corporelle/aptitude aérobie), session 1 (Zumba) et session 2 (exercice aérobie, 65% HR de réserve). Des échantillons de sang du bout des doigts ont été prélevés avant, à 25minutes et après les séances d’exercice. Le rythme cardiaque (FC) a été mesurée en continu. Le SV2 a été déterminé à partir du point de déflexion du rythme cardiaque obtenu lors d’un exercice maximal.
La Zumba correspond à un pourcentage plus élevé (95,3 %) de la FC au SV2 que la marche (86 %). La concentration de lactate (mmol.L-1) lors de la Zumba (10,9±3,4) était supérieure à celle de l’exercice aérobie (6,9±3,6) à 25min et après l’exercice. Le Zumba et l’exercice aérobie ont tous deux augmenté les réponses lactatémiques à 25minutes et après l’exercice, en comparaison avec le repos. La dépense énergétique lors de la Zumba (573,9±100,3) était supérieure à celle d’un l’exercice aérobie (260,4±63,8)
L’intensité de l’exercice correspondant à la Zumba était supérieure à celle d’un exercice aérobie de faible intensité, avec des réponses FC et lactate correspondant au SV2 des participants. Cela suggère que la Zumba peut être utilisée afin d’augmenter les niveaux d’activité physique, d’améliorer la condition cardio-vasculaire et de réduire le risque cardiovasculaire chez des femmes adultes en bonne santé.
Maternal stress during pregnancy results in increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders in the offspring including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and autism. However, the mechanisms ...underlying this disease susceptibility remain largely to be determined. In this study, the involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) pathways of tryptophan metabolism on the behavioral deficits induced by maternal stress during the late phase of gestation in mice was investigated. Adult offspring born to control or restraint-stressed dams were exposed to the elevated plus-maze and tail suspension tests. Metabolites of the KYN and 5-HT pathways were measured in the hippocampus and brainstem by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Female, but not male, prenatally stressed (PNS) offspring displayed a depressive-like phenotype, mainly when in proestrus/diestrus, along with reduced hippocampal 5-HT levels and high 5-HT turnover rate in the hippocampus and brainstem. In contrast, male PNS mice showed enhanced anxiety-like behaviors and higher hippocampal and brainstem quinolinic acid levels compared to male offspring born to nonstressed dams. These results indicate that maternal stress affects the behavior and brain metabolism of tryptophan in the offspring in a sex-dependent manner and suggest that alterations in both the 5-HT and KYN pathways may underlie the emotional dysfunctions observed in individuals exposed to stress during in utero development.
The risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) could be associated with red and processed meat intake. Experimental data supports that hemin iron, found abundantly in red meat, promotes CRC in mice ...and rats, while indole-3 carbinol (I3C) and synbiotics (syn) exert anti-carcinogenic activities in most studies of colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the modifying effects of I3C and syn (inulin + Bifidobacterium lactis), given separately or together, on dimethylhidrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in hemin-fed rats. All animals were given four subcutaneous DMH injections and then, two weeks after carcinogen exposure, they began a basal diet containing hemin, hemin + I3C, hemin + syn, or hemin + I3C + syn for 23 weeks. The combination of I3C + syn significantly increased fecal water genotoxicity, tumor volume and invasiveness when compared to the hemin-fed control group. The groups fed I3C or syn alone had a significant reduction in the number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) lesions compared to the hemin-fed group. Dietary I3C also reduced fecal water genotoxicity. Gene expression analysis of colorectal tumors demonstrated that the combination of dietary I3C + syn increased transcript levels for Raf1 and decreased tumor progression and invasiveness related to the genes Cdh1 and Appl1. This analysis also revealed that the Tnf and Cdh1 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in tumors of rats that received I3C, in comparison with the hemin-fed group. These findings reveal that the joint administration of I3C and syn enhanced the development of colon tumors induced by DMH in hemin-fed rats, while they potentially reduced ACF development when given alone.
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•Dietary indole-3 carbinol (I3C) and synbiotics (syn) given, isolated or in association, was investigated.•I3C and syn given singly reduced preneoplastic lesion development in hemin-fed rats.•The association of I3C + syn led to an increase in colon tumor development in hemin-fed rats.
Candida albicans is the most important fungal pathogen that causes infections in humans, and the search for new therapeutic strategies for its treatment is essential.
The aim of this study was to ...evaluate the activity of seven naphthoquinones (β-lapachone, β-nor-lapachone, bromide-β-lapachone, hydroxy-β-lapachone, α-lapachone, α-nor-lapachone and α-xyloidone) on the growth of a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans oral clinical isolate and the effects of these compounds on the viability of mammalian cells, on yeast's morphogenesis, biofilm formation and cell wall mannoproteins availability.
All the compounds were able to completely inhibit the yeast growth. β-lapachone and α-nor-lapachone were the less cytotoxic compounds against L929 and RAW 264.7 cells. At IC50, β-lapachone inhibited morphogenesis in 92%, while the treatment of yeast cells with α-nor-lapachone decreased yeast-to-hyphae transition in 42%. At 50μg/ml, β-lapachone inhibited biofilm formation by 84%, whereas α-nor-lapachone reduced biofilm formation by 64%. The treatment of yeast cells with β-lapachone decreased cell wall mannoproteins availability in 28.5%, while α-nor-lapachone was not able to interfere on this virulence factor. Taken together, data show that β-lapachone and α-nor-lapachone exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain, thus demonstrating to be promising candidates to be used in the treatment of infections caused by this fungus.
Hypothalamic AMPK acts as a cell energy sensor and can modulate food intake, glucose homeostasis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Intrahypothalamic fatty acid injection is known to suppress liver ...glucose production, mainly by activation of hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. Since all models employed seem to involve malonyl-CoA biosynthesis, we hypothesized that acetyl-CoA carboxylase can modulate the counter-regulatory response independent of nutrient availability.
In this study employing immunoblot, real-time PCR, ELISA, and biochemical measurements, we showed that reduction of the hypothalamic expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by antisense oligonucleotide after intraventricular injection increased food intake and NPY mRNA, and diminished the expression of CART, CRH, and TRH mRNA. Additionally, as in fasted rats, in antisense oligonucleotide-treated rats, serum glucagon and ketone bodies increased, while the levels of serum insulin and hepatic glycogen diminished. The reduction of hypothalamic acetyl-CoA carboxylase also increased PEPCK expression, AMPK phosphorylation, and glucose production in the liver. Interestingly, these effects were observed without modification of hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation.
Hypothalamic ACC inhibition can activate hepatic counter-regulatory response independent of hypothalamic AMPK activation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The tumor microenvironment has a dynamic and usually cancer-promoting function during all tumorigenic steps. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal tumor of the central nervous system, in which a substantial ...number of non-tumoral infiltrated cells can be found. Astrocytes neighboring these tumor cells have a particular reactive phenotype and can enhance GBM malignancy by inducing aberrant cell proliferation and invasion. The tumor suppressor p53 has a potential non-cell autonomous function by modulating the expression of secreted proteins that influence neighbor cells. In this work, we investigated the role of p53 on the crosstalk between GBM cells and astrocytes. We show that extracellular matrix (ECM) from p53(+/-) astrocytes is richer in laminin and fibronectin, compared with ECM from p53(+/+) astrocytes. In addition, ECM from p53(+/-) astrocytes increases the survival and the expression of mesenchymal markers in GBM cells, which suggests haploinsufficient phenotype of the p53(+/-) microenvironment. Importantly, conditioned medium from GBM cells blocks the expression of p53 in p53(+/+) astrocytes, even when DNA was damaged. These results suggest that GBM cells create a dysfunctional microenvironment based on the impairment of p53 expression that in turns exacerbates tumor endurance.
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α -galactosidase A (α -gal A). This enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of the glycosphingolipid ...globotriaosylceramide (Gb3; also referred to as ceramidetrihexoside) throughout the body. To investigate the effects of purified α -gal A, 10 patients with Fabry disease received a single i.v. infusion of one of five escalating dose levels of the enzyme. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the safety of administered α -gal A, (ii) to assess the pharmacokinetics of i.v.-administered α -gal A in plasma and liver, and (iii) to determine the effect of this replacement enzyme on hepatic, urine sediment and plasma concentrations of Gb3. α -gal A infusions were well tolerated in all patients. Immunohistochemical staining of liver tissue approximately 2 days after enzyme infusion identified α -gal A in several cell types, including sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes, suggesting diffuse uptake via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. The tissue half-life in the liver was greater than 24 hr. After the single dose of α -gal A, nine of the 10 patients had significantly reduced Gb3levels both in the liver and shed renal tubular epithelial cells in the urine sediment. These data demonstrate that single infusions of α -gal A prepared from transfected human fibroblasts are both safe and biochemically active in patients with Fabry disease. The degree of substrate reduction seen in the study is potentially clinically significant in view of the fact that Gb3burden in Fabry patients increases gradually over decades. Taken together, these results suggest that enzyme replacement is likely to be an effective therapy for patients with this metabolic disorder.
Early diagnosis of pediatric cancer is key for adequate patient management and improved outcome. Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven of great utility in the diagnosis and ...classification of hematologic malignancies, its application to non-hematopoietic pediatric tumors remains limited. Here we designed and prospectively validated a new single eight-color antibody combination—solid tumor orientation tube, STOT—for diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer by MFC. A total of 476 samples (139 tumor mass, 138 bone marrow, 86 lymph node, 58 peripheral blood, and 55 other body fluid samples) from 296 patients with diagnostic suspicion of pediatric cancer were analyzed by MFC vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. STOT was designed after several design–test–evaluate–redesign cycles based on a large panel of monoclonal antibody combinations tested on 301 samples. In its final version, STOT consists of a single 8-color/12-marker antibody combination (CD99-CD8/numyogenin/CD4-EpCAM/CD56/GD2/smCD3-CD19/cyCD3-CD271/CD45). Prospective validation of STOT in 149 samples showed concordant results with the patient WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). These included: 63/63 (100%) reactive/disease-free samples, 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases; the only exception was Hodgkin lymphoma that required additional markers to be stained. In addition, STOT allowed accurate discrimination among the four most common subtypes of malignant CD45− CD56++ non-hematopoietic solid tumors: 13/13 (GD2++ numyogenin− CD271−/+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM−) neuroblastoma samples, 5/5 (GD2− numyogenin++ CD271++ nuMyoD1++ CD99−/+ EpCAM−) rhabdomyosarcomas, 2/2 (GD2−/+ numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99+ EpCAM−) Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, and 7/7 (GD2− numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM+) Wilms tumors. In summary, here we designed and validated a new standardized antibody combination and MFC assay for diagnostic screening of pediatric solid tumors that might contribute to fast and accurate diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer in routine clinical practice.
Fatigue analysis of composite bonded repairs de Moura, M. F. S. F.; Moreira, R. D. F.
Journal of adhesion science and technology,
10/2017, Letnik:
31, Številka:
19-20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The present work intends to describe all procedures developed in order to predict the fatigue/fracture behaviour of single-strap repairs of carbon-epoxy composites. The main goal is to validate a ...mixed-mode I + II cohesive zone model for high-cycle fatigue based on the modified Paris law. A preliminary static fracture characterisation in mode I, mode II and mixed-mode I + II is necessary in order to achieve the static energetic criterion describing fracture of the bonded joint. Subsequently, the same tests were carried out under high-cycle fatigue loading in order to determine the evolution of the modified Paris law parameters as function of mode ratio. These fatigue/fracture characterisation tests were also used to validate the cohesive mixed-mode I + II zone model appropriate for high-cycle fatigue. The model was then used to predict fatigue life of the single-strap repairs and revealed good performance when compared with experimental results. Finally, the model was utilised to assess the influence of specimen geometry on the fatigue life of these structural repairs. It was concluded that such type of models can be considered appealing tools concerning the optimisation of repaired structures fatigue life.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the years, with the instrumental analysis evolution, the relationships between the carried‐out results with the data of theoretical analysis in silico and the Hammett's parameters have been ...reported. They have been very useful for chemical characterization of small organic molecules. Thus, this work aims at showing the feasibility and limitations for Hammett's and density functional theory applications in electrospray ionization–collision‐induced dissociation (ESI‐CID) fragmentation provision. For this, 13 dihydropyrimidinones para, meta, and orto monosubstituted were studied using ESI and CID in positive mode. As a result, it was observed that the main fragmentation includes the isocyanate and ethanol loses at low energy. Nevertheless, at higher energies, radical ions formed by McLafferty rearrangement were observed. The Hammett plots were correlated fragmentation profiles, showing good linearity for the M + H+, which does not occur to radical ions and carbocation's. These tendencies had demonstrated that the stability of protonate and activation energy of secondary ions changes with the pKa. The density functional theory studies indicated that, both nitrogen atoms in the dihydropyrimidinone's prototypes are capable of being protonated. However, the activation energy of fragmentation products is not changed. Therefore, this work has shown information, which can be useful to understand tandem mass spectrometry in ESI‐CID conditions for small organic molecules series. This is the first step for normalization of fragmentation pathway.
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