En las últimas décadas, empresas de la industria de la moda han adoptado principios y criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental y social. Las mas innovadoras los convierten en eje de negocios denominados ...de moda verde, moda sostenible, eco-moda, moda bio, moda ética, moda ambiental, ropa ecológica o “slow fashion”. ¿Se trata de una tendencia pasajera o de un cambio de carácter estructural? Se investiga el comportamiento medioambiental de los principales sectores sociales o stakeholders implicados en el funcionamiento de la industria de la moda; con metodología hipotético deductiva y aplicando el análisis bibliográfico y estadístico y de casos publicados. Los resultados desvelan una tendencia de cambio estructural hacia la ecologización / greening de la industria de la moda, liderada por los países mas avanzados. Las administraciones públicas contribuyen con legislación medioambiental, comercial y de consumo; las ONGs internacionales con campañas de alerta que elevan la conciencia ambiental de los consumidores; los investigadores mostrando el riesgo químico y los diseñadores y empresas incorporando ecología y ética en tejidos y procesos de fabricación.
Historical mining activities are a source of environmental pollution that affects the food chain and the health of human beings. This study aimed to assess the accumulation of arsenic (As) and lead ...(Pb) in vegetables grown in agricultural soils polluted by historical mining in Zacatecas, Mexico. The concentration of As and Pb in agricultural soil and edible parts of carrot (
Daucus carota
L.), garlic (
Allium sativum
L.), and pepper (
Capsicum annum
L.) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Also, the As and Pb pollution index and soil-vegetable bioconcentration factor were determined. The pH values of the farmland were moderately alkaline. The concentration of As in agricultural soil exceeds the permissible limit of Mexican and international standards representing public and environmental health risks. The Pb content in most soil samples was low, and only two soil samples exceeded the permissible limit of Mexican and international standards. The As and Pb content in edible parts of vegetables exceeded the national standards from various countries and values established by Codex Alimentarius (FAO-WHO). The highest As concentration was found in
C
.
annum
(111 mg kg
−1
) and
A
.
sativum
(100 mg kg
−1
). The highest concentration of Pb was in pepper fruits. The pollution index indicates that the soil sample is classified as polluted, and its quality is not suitable for agricultural use; thus, the vegetables cannot safely be consumed. Among vegetables, the higher BCF value was for As, ranging from 2.33 to 0.64, and the average for all vegetable samples was 1.01. According to the findings, the state and national agricultural and health authorities should not recommend cultivating vegetables in agricultural soil located in this region. Likewise, preventive measures must be taken to avoid consuming polluted vegetables and certifying their safety grade.
Of late, the presence of Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii was reported as a serious threat to the pepper crop in Zacatecas, México; therefore, asymptomatic and symptomatic pepper plants were collected ...from a commercial field among three samplings after the fruit set stage was reached. Total DNA was extracted using the CTAB‐based method and tested for phytoplasma using a nested PCR assay, followed by a BLAST, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, which confirmed the presence of phytoplasma group 16SrVI, “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii” in the symptomatic plants. As the metabolic pathways of pathogen‐infected plants tend to change, resulting in a biochemical differentiation with the noninfected plants, the polyphenolic compound concentrations were quantified from the vegetative tissues (root, stem, leaves and developed fruit/big bud) and were analysed based on a principal component analysis (PCA). Results revealed that, in general, plants tend to a progressive increase in total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and anthocyanins related to the plants exposure to “Ca. P. trifolii” infection, and PCA demonstrated that almost 90% of the observed variance was explained by the first two components. Hence, the phenolic content of the plants increases as a response of the defence mechanism, which reflects its condition and resistance.
Purpose
This study produced a rich description of the lived experiences of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Mexican Americans living in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas.
Design
This ...qualitative study used phenomenological methodology, guided by Merleau‐Ponty's philosophical framework, particularly his theories on mind–body influence, fabric of relationships, importance of culture, and equilibrium. A purposive sample was recruited through TB clinics in four south Texas border counties: Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr, and Willacy, which make up the LRGV. Interviews from 18 participants—5 women and 13 men—were conducted in the participant's preferred language. Interviews were analyzed for common themes as described by Cohen Kahn and Steeves.
Findings
The majority of interviews were conducted in Spanish. Five themes were discovered: (a) day‐to‐day life during Directly Observed Therapy treatment, (b) signs and symptoms, (c) familismo, (d) living on the border, and (e) stigma.
Conclusions
TB treatment can create a high level of patient burden. The participants in TB treatment in the LRGV on the Texas‐Mexico border reported a high level of stigma. Due to this stigma, patients struggled to find a balance between exposure to stigma and the support from family that buoyed them through treatment.
Clinical Relevance
The findings support the importance of addressing stigma and the resulting sense of isolation in patients being treated for TB, perhaps through bolstering support from family and healthcare providers, which is relevant for public health professionals working in regions with high rates of TB.
Disorders of the visual system are one of the main features of multiple sclerosis (MS), and have a great impact on the quality of life of patients. Although optic neuritis is the most frequent ...manifestation, there are other ophthalmological processes not related to neuritis, a knowledge of which is very useful in the management of patients with MS. These abnormalities are described, grouped into impairments of the afferent pathway, efferent pathway, or upper cerebral areas. Additionally, the main ophthalmological side effects of the drugs currently used in the control of MS are described.
Obesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, insulin resistance being an early common metabolic feature in patients suffering from this syndrome. This study aims to ...investigate the mechanism underlying the induction of kidney dysfunction and the concomitant onset of insulin resistance by long-term high-fat and sucrose diet feeding in Sprague Dawley rats. To achieve this goal, our study analyzed renal carbonylated protein patterns, ectopic lipid accumulation and fatty acid profiles and correlated them with biometrical and biochemical measurements and other body redox status parameters. Rats fed the obesogenic diet developed a prediabetic state and incipient kidney dysfunction manifested in increased plasma urea concentration and superior levels of renal fat deposition and protein carbonylation. An obesogenic diet increased renal fat by preferentially promoting the accumulation of saturated fat, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids while decreasing oleic acid. Renal lipotoxicity was accompanied by selectively higher carbonylation of proteins involved in the blood pH regulation, i.e., bicarbonate reclamation and synthesis, amino acid, and glucose metabolisms, directly related to the onset of insulin resistance. This study also tested the combination of antioxidant properties of fish oil with the anti-diabetic properties of buckwheat D-Fagomine to counteract diet-induced renal alterations. Results demonstrated that bioactive compounds combined attenuated lipotoxicity, induced more favorable lipid profiles and counteracted the excessive carbonylation of proteins associated with pH regulation in the kidneys, resulting in an inhibition of the progression of the prediabetes state and kidney disease.
Abstract A 32-year-old woman experienced dizziness and headache for 5 months. She also complained of painless, progressive bilateral visual loss for several weeks. Before developing the initial ...symptoms, she had an uncomplicated pregnancy except for dizziness and systemic hypotension during the first term. Fundus examination disclosed prominent retinal arteries as well diffuse microaneurysms, widespread intraretinal hemorrhages, and hyperemic optic disks. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple supratentorial white-matter lesions suggestive of ischemic strokes. Initially, she had severe systemic hypotension (41/17 mm Hg). When reassessed, blood pressure was normal in the lower limbs, but there was severe hypotension in the upper limbs. An angio-computed tomography of the supraortic trunks showed occlusion of both primitive carotid arteries, both subclavian arteries and the right axillary and humeral arteries. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of Takayasu type-I arteritis with ischemic retinopathy and cerebrovascular disease was established. Bilateral retinal panphotocoagulation and aorta to right carotid bypass were performed because of the severity of the ischemic lesions.
In recent years the search for beneficial microorganisms that could induce plant growth has increased. Most have been found on crop seeds, soil and on the rhizosphere. In this work, we collected ...mature seeds of
Phaseolus vulgaris
var. Pinto Saltillo in Zacatecas, Mexico; and isolated endophytic fungi from these samples. Three different fungal strains were obtained. Sequencing analysis showed that one of the analyzed fungi,
Alternaria solani
IA300, showed the capacity to promote plant growth. Chili plants (
Capsicum annuum
cv. Mirasol) were inoculated with
Alternaria solani
IA300. After 15, 30, 45, and 60 days post-interaction, nine vegetative variables were analyzed (length of the root and aerial parts; weight of the root and aerial parts; number of leaves, flowers and fruits; as well as the dry weight from the root and aerial parts). Results showed that
Alternaria solani
IA300 can promote growth in chili pepper plants at later times of interaction (45 and 60 days post interaction), where most of the vegetative variables analyzed showed an increase in relation to control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report where
Alternaria solani
IA300 induces growth and development in plants.
Personalized medicine is nowadays a paradigm in lung cancer management, offering important benefits to patients. This study aimed to test the feasibility and utility of embedding two multiplexed ...genomic platforms as the routine workup of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Two parallel multiplexed approaches were performed based on DNA sequencing and direct digital detection of RNA with nCounter
technology to evaluate gene mutations and fusions. The results were used to guide genotype-directed therapies and patient outcomes were collected. A total of 224 advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients were prospectively included in the study. Overall, 85% of samples were successfully characterized at DNA and RNA levels and oncogenic drivers were found in 68% of patients, with
,
,
Δex14,
, and
being the most frequent (31%, 19%, 5%, 4%, and 4%, respectively). Among all patients with complete genotyping results and follow-up data (
= 156), the median overall survival (OS) was 1.90 years (confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.69-2.10) for individuals harbouring an actionable driver treated with a matched therapy, compared with 0.59 years (CI 95% 0.39-0.79) in those not eligible for any targeted therapy and 0.61 years (CI 95% 0.12-1.10) in patients with no drivers identified (
< 0.001). Integrating DNA and RNA multiplexing technologies into the routine molecular testing of advanced NSCLC patients is feasible and useful and highlights the necessity of widespread integrating comprehensive molecular diagnosis into lung cancer care.
The synthesis of 3,6‐dihydropyrans and 4,5‐epoxytetrahydropyrans starting from enantiomerically pure β‐hydroxy aldehyde (prepared by an organocatalytic aldol reaction) is described. The key step is a ...tandem sequence, which consists of a base‐promoted conjugative addition to a vinyl onium salt, followed by either an intramolecular Wittig process to provide 3,6‐dihydropyran derivatives or an intramolecular cyclisation/epoxidation process to afford 4,5‐epoxytetrahydropyran scaffolds. The products obtained by this method are common substructures in polyketide natural products.
An efficient and convenient two‐step synthesis of enantiomerically enriched dihydropyran and epoxytetrahydropyran derivatives is described. The key step involvesa tandem conjugative addition‐intramolecular cyclisation/epoxidation process from easily available enantiomerically pure β‐hydroxy aldehydes.
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