BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Standardized registries may provide valuable data to further improve stroke care. Our aim was to obtain updated information about characteristics of stroke patients and ...management of stroke across the Ibero-American countries, using a common in-hospital registry (Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares) as a basis for further quality improvement.
METHODS—Data for this study were entered into the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke registry from September 2009 to December 2013 by 58 centers in 14 countries. Data included demographics, risk factors, onset-to-door time, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, stroke subtype, ischemic stroke etiology, treatments, 3-month mortality, and modified Rankin Scale score. Time to treatment was also recorded for patients treated with thrombolysis.
RESULTS—Five thousand four hundred one patients were registered; median age, 65 years; 46% women; 3915 (72.5%) ischemic strokes; 686 (13.7%) hemorrhagic strokes; 213 (4.3%) subarachnoid hemorrhages; 414 (8.3%) transient ischemic attacks; and 31 (0.6%) cerebral vein thrombosis. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (71.3%), dyslipidemia (35.2%), and diabetes mellitus (23.6%). Atrial fibrillation was present in 15.1%. Three hundred one ischemic strokes were treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT; 7.7%). Patients undergoing IVT were more severely affected (median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 11 versus 6). The rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages after IVT was 5.7%. At 3 months, 60.3% of IVT-treated patients and 59.1% of untreated patients were independent (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2). Mortality was 11.4% in treated and 12.8% in untreated patients.
CONCLUSIONS—Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares is the largest registry of a general stroke population and the first study to evaluate the level of IVT use in Ibero-America. It provides valuable information that may help to improve the quality of stroke care in the Ibero-American region.
Resumen Objetivo Describir los resultados del tamizaje con oximetría de pulso en el diagnóstico de cardiopatías congénitas críticas en recién nacidos a término y asintomáticos, en una institución de ...salud de la ciudad de Cúcuta, durante el año 2018. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con recolección de información de manera prospectiva, en el cual se tomó oximetría de pulso a 438 recién nacidos a término, asintomáticos, que se encontraban en el quinto piso del Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz entre las 18 y las 48 horas de vida. Resultados El tamizaje fue negativo en un 99.1% de los recién nacidos y positivo en el 0.91%; este porcentaje corresponde a cuatro pacientes a quienes se les solicitó valoración por cardiología pediátrica y ecocardiograma transtorácico, de los cuales uno de ellos fue diagnosticado con transposición de grandes arterias y otro con hipertensión pulmonar moderada, y los dos pacientes restantes fueron sanos y dados de alta. Conclusiones La oximetría de pulso como prueba de tamizaje entre las 18 y las 48 horas de vida fue fundamental para diagnosticar una transposición de grandes arterias en un recién nacido asintomático, permitiéndole un tratamiento oportuno para una patología que representa un gran impacto en la morbimortalidad neonatal. Además, permitió el diagnóstico de hipertensión pulmonar en uno de los neonatos.
Introducción. Los quistes mesentéricos son tumores poco frecuentes y usualmente benignos, que se diagnostican principalmente en la edad pediátrica, de manera incidental.
Caso clínico. Se presenta el ...caso de una paciente de cuatro años de edad, con dificultad para acceso a servicio de salud por localización de su vivienda, quien cursa con un cuadro clínico de dos años de evolución de distensión abdominal progresiva, interpretada y manejada como ascitis. Se realizó una tomografía de abdomen en la que se documentó una lesión quística gigante, por lo que fue llevada a resección por laparotomía, con confirmación histopatológica de un quiste mesentérico.
Discusión. Los quistes mesentéricos pueden tener cualquier localización en el mesenterio del tracto gastrointestinal. Su principal etiología es la proliferación anormal y benigna de tejido linfático mesentérico. Las manifestaciones clínicas van desde la ausencia de síntomas hasta el abdomen agudo. Dentro de los síntomas abdominales no agudos se encuentran masa abdominal indolora, dolor abdominal, distensión abdominal y signos clínicos que simulan ascitis. La resección completa del quiste mesentérico es considerada el tratamiento de elección; el abordaje laparoscópico o abierto dependerá de las características clínicas de cada paciente y la experiencia del cirujano tratante.
Conclusión. Es importante que los cirujanos conozcan las principales características y el manejo de esta entidad, que una vez presente, puede simular un síndrome ascítico.
CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapies are the current standard of care in the first-line treatment of HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but there are no well-established clinical or ...molecular predictive factors for patient response. In the era of personalised oncology, new approaches for developing predictive models of response are needed.
Data derived from the electronic health records (EHRs) of real-world patients with HR+/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer were used to develop predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment. Two machine learning approaches were used: a classic approach using a data set of manually extracted features from reviewed (EHR) patients, and a second approach using natural language processing (NLP) of free-text clinical notes recorded during medical visits.
Of the 610 patients included, there were 473 (77.5%) progressions to first-line treatment, of which 126 (20.6%) occurred within the first 6 months. There were 152 patients (24.9%) who showed no disease progression before 28 months from the onset of first-line treatment. The best predictive model for early progression using the manually extracted dataset achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.734 (95% CI 0.687–0.782). Using the NLP free-text processing approach, the best model obtained an AUC of 0.758 (95% CI 0.714–0.800). The best model to predict long responders using manually extracted data obtained an AUC of 0.669 (95% CI 0.608–0.730). With NLP free-text processing, the best model attained an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI 0.705–0.799).
Using machine learning methods, we developed predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment of HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, also finding that NLP-based machine learning models are slightly better than predictive models based on manually obtained data.
•There are no well-established predictive factors of response to CDK4/6 inhibitors.•Data from real-world patients may be more relevant from a healthcare point of view.•Machine learning algorithms and NLP analyses can be useful in this task.•Free-text from medical notes would be more useful than structured data.
Retrospective studies suggest that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) commonly involves gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and complications. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate GI manifestations in ...patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
This international multicentre prospective cohort study recruited COVID-19 patients hospitalized at 31 centres in Spain, Mexico, Chile, and Poland, between May and September 2020. Patients were followed-up until 15 days post-discharge and completed comprehensive questionnaires assessing GI symptoms and complications. A descriptive analysis as well as a bivariate and multivariate analysis were performer using binary logistic regression. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Eight hundred twenty-nine patients were enrolled; 129 (15.6%) had severe COVID-19, 113 (13.7%) required ICU admission, and 43 (5.2%) died. Upon admission, the most prevalent GI symptoms were anorexia (n=413; 49.8%), diarrhoea (n=327; 39.4%), nausea/vomiting (n=227; 27.4%), and abdominal pain (n=172; 20.7%), which were mild/moderate throughout the disease and resolved during follow-up. One-third of patients exhibited liver injury. Non-severe COVID-19 was associated with ≥2 GI symptoms upon admission (OR 0.679; 95% CI 0.464–0.995; p=0.046) or diarrhoea during hospitalization (OR 0.531; 95% CI 0.328–0.860; p=0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed that worse hospital outcomes were not independently associated with liver injury or GI symptoms.
GI symptoms were more common than previously documented, and were mild, rapidly resolved, and not independently associated with COVID-19 severity. Liver injury was a frequent complication in hospitalized patients not independently associated with COVID-19 severity.
Estudios retrospectivos evidencian que la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) conlleva síntomas y complicaciones gastrointestinales (GI). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar prospectivamente las manifestaciones GI de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19.
Estudio internacional, multicéntrico, de cohorte, prospectivo, que seleccionó a pacientes con COVID-19 en 31 centros de España, México, Chile y Polonia, entre mayo-septiembre de 2020. Los pacientes fueron seguidos hasta 15 días tras el alta y completaron cuestionarios que evaluaban los síntomas y complicaciones GI. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariante y multivariante de los resultados. Se consideró significativa p<0,05.
Se incluyeron 829 pacientes; 129 (15,6%) presentaron COVID-19 grave, 113 (13,7%) requirieron ingreso en UCI y 43 (5,2%) fallecieron. Al ingreso, los síntomas GI más prevalentes fueron anorexia (n=413; 49,8%), diarrea (n=327; 39,4%), náuseas/vómitos (n=227; 27,4%) y dolor abdominal (n=172; 20,7%), que resultaron de intensidad leve/moderada y se resolvieron durante el seguimiento. Un tercio de los pacientes presentaron daño hepático. La COVID-19 no grave se asoció con la presencia de ≥2 síntomas GI al ingreso (OR 0,679; IC 95%: 0,464-0,995; p=0,046) y/o diarrea durante la hospitalización (OR 0,531; IC 95%: 0,328-0,860; p=0,009). El análisis multivariante reveló que los peores resultados hospitalarios no se asociaron de forma independiente con el daño hepático o los síntomas GI.
Los síntomas GI fueron más frecuentes de lo que se había documentado, resultaron leves, se resolvieron rápidamente y no se asociaron de forma independiente con COVID-19 grave. El daño hepático fue una complicación frecuente en los pacientes hospitalizados que no se asoció de forma independiente con COVID-19 grave.
Coffea arabica is a woody species that grows in acid soils, where aluminum is available and may affect growth and productivity. To determine the effect of aluminum on primary root growth of C. ...arabica cv. Typica, seedlings were exposed over 30days to different concentrations of AlCl3 (0, 100, 300 and 500μM) in vitro. The aluminum effect on primary root growth was dose-dependent: low aluminum concentrations (100 and 300μM) stimulated primary root growth (6.98±0.15 and 6.45±0.17cm, respectively) compared to the control (0μM; 5.24±0.17cm), while high concentrations (500μM) induced damage to the root tips and inhibition of primary root growth (2.96±0.28cm). Aluminum (100μM) also increased the K and Ca contents around 33% and 35% in the coffee roots. It is possible that aluminum toxicity resides in its association with cell nuclei in the meristematic region of the root. Additionally, after 30days of treatment with aluminum, two different effects could be observed on phospholipase C (PLC) activity. In shoots, aluminum concentrations ≥300μM inhibited more than 50% of PLC activity. In contrast, in roots a contrasting behavior was determined: low (100μM) and toxic concentrations (500μM) increased the activity of PLC (100%). These results suggest the possible involvement of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway, with the phospholipase C enzyme participating in the beneficial and toxic effects of aluminum in plants.
Aluminum has differential effects on in vitro primary root growth, nutrient content and phospholipase C activity in Coffea arabica seedlings. Display omitted
•Low Al concentrations increase and high concentrations inhibit root length.•Low doses of aluminum increased K and Ca contents in coffee roots.•Low and toxic Al concentrations increased the activity of PLC.•Involvement of a signal path transduction in Al response is suggested.
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