Fire protection of facilities is basically based on passive and active form. Given that active forms have a limited role in the early stages of fire, the decisive role in preventing the spread of ...fire, until the arrival of emergency firefighting units, have elements of passive protection at the facility. The topic of this paper is facades in residential buildings and their role in spreading fires throughout the building. The aim of this paper is to design one of the possible models for choosing the optimal façade shape (or the facility), which would passively prevent the transmission of fire over the facade. For these purposes, an analysis of key aspects was performed, which, in addition to fire resistance, considered seismic resistance and energy efficiency, both dependent on the shape of the facility. The obtained results are valorized through a quality scale, based on which is determined whether the solution is bad, acceptable, satisfactory, or good. This model contributes to a quality and controlled design process, because the concept of a facility, that meets the requirements of modern construction, is obtained at an early stage. The practicality of this model is reflected in the fact that, on the one hand, in the design phase it allows to bring more variant solutions at the same qualitative level, and on the other hand it is applicable to already constructed facilities, which indicates shortcomings and possibilities of their reconstruction.
Offer preparation has always been a specific part of a building process which has significant impact on company business. Due to the fact that income greatly depends on offer’s precision and the ...balance between planned costs, both direct and overheads, and wished profit, it is necessary to prepare a precise offer within required time and available resources which are always insufficient. The paper presents a research of precision that can be achieved while using artificial intelligence for estimation of cost and duration in construction projects. Both artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVM) are analysed and compared. The best SVM has shown higher precision, when estimating costs, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.06% compared to the most precise ANNs which has achieved precision of 25.38%. Estimation of works duration has proved to be more difficult. The best MAPEs were 22.77% and 26.26% for SVM and ANN, respectively.
This article presents research on qualitative parameters conducted in order to develop a model for the improvement of occupational health and safety (OHS) in micro and small construction enterprises ...(MSEs). Identification of factors and defining their significance enables improvements of OHS in the observed enterprises. The aim of the model is to assist MSEs in evaluating their qualities, pinpointing their deficiencies and ways to maximize the improvement of OHS performances. A panel of 20 experts defined the factors through an iterative process using the Delphi method. The research resulted in a model consisting of 42 OHS factors grouped into 10 categories. Model validation was carried out in the Republic of Serbia. The validation confirmed the applicability of the model as well as the relevance of factors that were determined by the panel of experts.
Factors contributing to construction machines, hand tools and power tools in building multistory buildings have been investigated. 212 non-fatal injuries have been analyzed in terms of identification ...of type of machine and tool used, indirect cause of injury, the way in which injury has occurred, severity, injured body parts and the role of the injured worker in the work process. Research has shown that trucks and tower cranes are the riskiest machines while circular saw, grinder and drilling machine are the riskiest mechanical tools. Wheelbarrow and hammer are the riskiest hand tools. Most of the injuries happen due to the "Incorrect realization of work operation". Operators are the most injured workers considering all types of machines except tower cranes. Severity levels are higher when machines and mechanical tools are used. Hand-arm and foot-leg are the most vulnerable body parts but body-torso and other multiple injuries are right behind. "Struck by an object", "Struck against", "Caught in, under or between", "Fall to level below" and "Excessive physical strain and exhaustion of the organism" are the most probable ways for an injury to occur while using construction machinery and tools.
Before joining the European Union, Serbia faces a big task related to the treatment and purification of wastewater. The capital of Serbia, Belgrade, and some larger cities do not have wastewater ...treatment plants. Although there are no plants in larger cities in Serbia, they still exist on the territory of the state itself. However, either they are not in good condition, or they do not work with the projected capacity or they do not work at all. This paper presents the model for risks quantification for the planning and design processes of wastewater treatment plants in which the risks are divided into 6 categories: legal, financial and economic, logistics, environmental protection, management and design risks. 37 risks have been defined, analyzed and evaluated by the experts participating in the Delphi method. Experts in various fields dealing with the planning, design or construction of wastewater treatment plants were selected to assess the risks through 2 rounds of Delphi methods and reach the consensus on major risks. By using statistical methods, it is determined that the experts reached the consensus after which each risk received its own relative weighting coefficient. Risk model has been initially verified by experts from Delphi team on two projects during construction phase. This model is important in the initial phases of the project, when the investor starts the project, as well as in the design phases.
Taking into consideration the significant impact of working force on the quality of realization of a construction process from the aspect of safety at work, it is essential to be familiar with the ...features of construction workers and identify their risk groups. Within the research, the analysis was carried out examining the influence of experience of workers in construction jobs at which they suffered an injury, along with the analysis of the influence of workers’ age on the occurrence of injuries. The type of works has an impact on the occurrence an injury only in the case when the works are realized by workers with less than 4 years of experience. It was determined that those types of works which require a certain level of professional training account for a smaller number of injuries compared with those types of work where “physical” work is dominant.
With the aim of planning preventive measures of seismic protection, estimation of possible damages on building constructions plays an important role. In order to predict the category of damage , a ...data base was formed out of the data from reports submitted by the commission of the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. The paper presents the research on the influence of the number and structure of input data and the comparative results of prediction of damage category on building constructions for two models of ANN (ANN-1 and ANN-2)
Managing asbestos streams in developing and transition countries is particularly challenging. Deficiencies are often present for adequate procedures for the management of asbestos waste; solid ...quality data or databases on the quantities of asbestos production and usage are missing and asbestos inventories or the registry of asbestos-related diseases following European Union (EU) or other regulations are not in place. This paper aims to develop a model for determining and assessing the quantity of asbestos in the built environment of a transition country. Quantities of asbestos products and life expectancy of those products were assessed to develop a model that forecasts flows and stocks of asbestos products and wastes. The overall objective is to evaluate the model and show the manifestation of asbestos in the waste stream in a case study on a country with a transition economy, such as Serbia. Results show that total quantities of asbestos fibre consumption are approximately 0.5 million tonnes; the largest amount of waste generation is expected in the 2020s. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for the forthcoming quantities of waste by improving legal procedures, implementation of existing regulations, and provision of economic resources. An important link for the adequate management of asbestos waste is to raise public awareness of the dangers and importance of proper and timely disposal of asbestos products.
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