But : Les hommes souffrant d’un cancer avancé de la prostate connaissent un large éventail d’effets secondaires découlant du cancer et de ses traitements qui nuisent à leur qualité de vie (QDV). Peu ...d’études ont évalué les besoins de soins de soutien chez ces personnes. Cette étude a été réalisée pour effectuer une évaluation globale des besoins en soins de soutien chez ces survivants en se fondant sur un cadre de soins de soutien en oncologie (Supportive Care Framework for Cancer Care, ou SCFCC).
Méthodes : Dans le cadre d’une recherche menée selon une approche mixte, parallèle et convergente, des survivants du cancer de la prostate à un stade avancé (n = 188) ont répondu à un questionnaire d’enquête transversale. Quelques-uns de ces survivants (n = 20) ont participé à un entretien afin de mieux évaluer leurs besoins non satisfaits.
Résultats : Les survivants ont déclaré des besoins non satisfaits de soins de soutien dans tous les domaines du cadre d’évaluation utilisé. Pas moins de 95,2 % des survivants avaient au moins un besoin non satisfait, avec une moyenne de 14,9 besoins (fourchette : 0–42). Plusieurs domaines de convergence entre les données quantitatives et qualitatives (fatigue, dysfonctionnement sexuel, domaines pratique et émotionnel/psychologique) et de divergence (domaines informationnel et spirituel, dépression, dysfonctionnement urinaire) ont été trouvés durant le processus d’intégration.
Conclusion : Cette étude confirme que les survivants du cancer de la prostate à un stade avancé présentent des taux élevés de besoins non satisfaits en soins de soutien. Les résultats soulignent également une grande diversité dans ces besoins non satisfaits. Ces résultats pourraient contribuer au développement de plans de soins de soutien centrés sur le patient, adaptés aux besoins particuliers de ce groupe vulnérable de survivants du cancer.
Mots-clés : cancer de la prostate; stade avancé; survivants; soins de soutien; besoins non satisfaits; qualité de vie; méthodes mixtes
This paper examines whether firms in noncompetitive industries benefit more from good governance than do firms in competitive industries. We find that weak governance firms have lower equity returns, ...worse operating performance, and lower firm value, but only in noncompetitive industries. When exploring the causes of the inefficiency, we find that weak governance firms have lower labor productivity and higher input costs, and make more value-destroying acquisitions, but, again, only in noncompetitive industries. We also find that weak governance firms in noncompetitive industries are more likely to be targeted by activist hedge funds, suggesting that investors take actions to mitigate the inefficiency.
Single-cell atlases often include samples that span locations, laboratories and conditions, leading to complex, nested batch effects in data. Thus, joint analysis of atlas datasets requires reliable ...data integration. To guide integration method choice, we benchmarked 68 method and preprocessing combinations on 85 batches of gene expression, chromatin accessibility and simulation data from 23 publications, altogether representing >1.2 million cells distributed in 13 atlas-level integration tasks. We evaluated methods according to scalability, usability and their ability to remove batch effects while retaining biological variation using 14 evaluation metrics. We show that highly variable gene selection improves the performance of data integration methods, whereas scaling pushes methods to prioritize batch removal over conservation of biological variation. Overall, scANVI, Scanorama, scVI and scGen perform well, particularly on complex integration tasks, while single-cell ATAC-sequencing integration performance is strongly affected by choice of feature space. Our freely available Python module and benchmarking pipeline can identify optimal data integration methods for new data, benchmark new methods and improve method development.
We document how a positive shock to investment opportunities at one plant ("treated plant") spills over to other plants within the same firm, but only if the firm is financially constrained. To ...provide the treated plant with resources, the firm's headquarters withdraws capital and labor from other plants, especially plants that are relatively less productive, not part of the firm's core industries, and located far away from headquarters. As a result of the resource reallocation, aggregate firm-wide productivity increases. We do not find evidence of capital or labor spillovers among plants of financially unconstrained firms.
By reducing the threat of a hostile takeover, business combination (BC) laws weaken corporate governance and increase the opportunity for managerial slack. Consistent with the notion that competition ...mitigates managerial slack, we find that while firms in non-competitive industries experience a significant drop in operating performance after the laws’ passage, firms in competitive industries experience no significant effect. When we examine which agency problem competition mitigates, we find evidence in support of a “quiet-life” hypothesis. Input costs, wages, and overhead costs all increase after the laws’ passage, and only so in non-competitive industries. Similarly, when we conduct event studies around the dates of the first newspaper reports about the BC laws, we find that while firms in non-competitive industries experience a significant stock price decline, firms in competitive industries experience a small and insignificant stock price impact.
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted financial markets and the real economy worldwide. These extraordinary events prompted large monetary and fiscal policy interventions. Recognizing the ...unusual nature of the shock, the academic community has produced an impressive amount of research during the last year. Macro-finance models have been extended to analyze the impact of epidemics. Empirical papers study the origins and consequences of the disruptions and the impact of policy interventions. New research evaluates the ongoing financial fragility and its relation to previous episodes and regulations. This special issue contains early contributions to this important and rapidly developing literature.1
Summary
Soil salinity is an increasingly global problem which hampers plant growth and crop yield. Plant productivity depends on optimal water‐use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity balanced by ...stomatal conductance. Whether and how stomatal behavior contributes to salt sensitivity or tolerance is currently unknown. This work identifies guard cell‐specific signaling networks exerted by a salt‐sensitive and salt‐tolerant plant under ionic and osmotic stress conditions accompanied by increasing NaCl loads.
We challenged soil‐grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea plants with short‐ and long‐term salinity stress and monitored genome‐wide gene expression and signals of guard cells that determine their function.
Arabidopsis plants suffered from both salt regimes and showed reduced stomatal conductance while Thellungiella displayed no obvious stress symptoms. The salt‐dependent gene expression changes of guard cells supported the ability of the halophyte to maintain high potassium to sodium ratios and to attenuate the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway which the glycophyte kept activated despite fading ABA concentrations.
Our study shows that salinity stress and even the different tolerances are manifested on a single cell level. Halophytic guard cells are less sensitive than glycophytic guard cells, providing opportunities to manipulate stomatal behavior and improve plant productivity.
The relationship between grit and resident well-being Salles, Arghavan, M.D; Cohen, Geoffrey L., Ph.D; Mueller, Claudia M., M.D., Ph.D
The American journal of surgery,
02/2014, Letnik:
207, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Background The well-being of residents in general surgery is an important factor in their success within training programs. Consequently, it is important to identify individuals at risk for ...burnout and low levels of well-being as early as possible. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that resident well-being may be related to grit, a psychological factor defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Methods One hundred forty-one residents across 9 surgical specialties at 1 academic medical center were surveyed; the response rate was 84%. Perseverance was measured using the Short Grit Scale. Resident well-being was measured with (1) burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and (2) psychological well-being using the Dupuy Psychological General Well-Being Scale. Results Grit was predictive of later psychological well-being both as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory ( B = −.20, P = .05) and as measured by the Psychological General Well-Being Scale ( B = .27, P < .01). Conclusions Measuring grit may identify those who are at greatest risk for poor psychological well-being in the future. These residents may benefit from counseling to provide support and improve coping skills.
In this work, a new statistical model for soot formation and growth is developed and presented. The Hybrid Method of Moments (HMOM) seeks to combine the advantages of two moment methods, the Method ...of Moments with Interpolative Closure (MOMIC) and the Direct Quadrature Method of Moments (DQMOM), in an accurate and consistent formulation. MOMIC is numerically simple and easy to implement but is unable to account for bimodal soot Number Density Functions (NDF). DQMOM is accurate but is numerically ill-posed and difficult to implement. HMOM combines the best of both two methods to capture bimodal NDF while retaining ease of implementation and numerical robustness. The new hybrid method is shown to predict mean quantities nearly as accurately as DQMOM and high-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a model for combining particle coalescence with particle aggregation is presented and shown to accurately reproduce experimental measurements in a variety of sooting flames.
Objectives
To address the diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients presenting with acute chest pain.
Design
In a prospective, international, multicentre study, six miRNAs ...(miR‐133a, miR‐208b, miR‐223, miR‐320a, miR‐451 and miR‐499) were simultaneously measured in a blinded fashion in 1155 unselected patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. The clinical follow‐up period was 2 years.
Results
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 224 patients (19%). Levels of miR‐208b, miR‐499 and miR‐320a were significantly higher in patients with AMI compared to those with other final diagnoses. MiR‐208b provided the highest diagnostic accuracy for AMI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.80). This diagnostic value was lower than that of the fourth‐generation cardiac troponin T (cTnT; 0.84) or the high‐sensitivity cTnT (hs‐cTnT; 0.94; both P < 0.001 for comparison). None of the six miRNAs provided added diagnostic value when combined with cTnT or hs‐cTnT (ns for the comparison of combinations vs. cTnT or hs‐cTnT alone). During follow‐up, 102 (9%) patients died. Levels of MiR‐208b were higher in patients who died within 30 days, but the prognostic accuracy was low to moderate. None of the miRNAs predicted long‐term mortality.
Conclusion
The miRNAs investigated in this study do not seem to provide incremental diagnostic or prognostic value in patients presenting with suspected AMI.
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