The present study evaluated the interactive effect of melatonin and UV-C on phenylpropanoid metabolites profile and antioxidant potential of
L. Callus was treated with varying concentrations of ...melatonin and UV-C radiations for different time durations, either alone and/or in combination. Individual treatments of both UV-C and melatonin proved to be more effective than combine treatments. Results indicated that UV-C (10 min) exposure increased rosmarinic acid (134.5 mg/g dry weight (DW)), which was 2.3-fold greater than control. Chichoric acid (51.52 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (cyanide 0.50 mg/g DW) were almost 4.1-fold, while peonidin was found 2.7-fold higher in UV-C (50 min) exposure. In the case of melatonin, 1.0 mg/L concentrations showed maximum rosmarinic acid (79.4 mg/g DW) accumulation; i.e., 1.4-fold more, as compared to the control. However, 2 mg/L melatonin accumulate chichoric acid (39.99 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (cyanide: 0.45 mg/g DW and peonidin: 0.22 mg/g DW); i.e., 3.2, 3.7 and 2.0-fold increase, as compared to the control, respectively. On the other hand, melatonin-combined treatment (melatonin (Mel) (4 mg/L) + UV-C (20 min)) was proved to be effective in caffeic acid elicitation, which was 1.9-fold greater than the control. Furthermore, antioxidant potential was evaluated by both in vitro (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and
methods. Maximum
antioxidant activity (DPPH: 90.6% and ABTS: 1909.5 µM) was observed for UV-C (50 min)-treated cultures. The highest
antioxidant activity measured with the ABTS assay as compared to the FRAP assay, suggesting the main contribution of antioxidants from basil callus extracts acting through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) over an electron transfer (ET)-based mechanism. Cellular antioxidant assay was evaluated by production of ROS/RNS species using yeast cell cultures and further confirmed the protective action of the corresponding callus extracts against oxidative stress. Overall, both melatonin and UV-C are here proved to be effective elicitors since a positive correlation between the induced production of phenolic compounds, and
antioxidant action of basil callus extracts were observed.
Freshwater sources are limited and access to clean water is an acute challenge in recent decades. The sustainable water treatments methods are need of time and water desalination is one of the most ...interesting technology. Most desalination technologies are required high energy input while Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) represent a sustainable option that has added benefit of solving the ever-increasing wastewater treatment and management problem. MDCs are a customized type of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) that depend on the electric potential generated by organic media to decrease salt concentration by electro-dialysis and give an unconventional way of clean water production. In this research, various experiments were conducted to examine the desalination ability of an indigenously designed experimental setup using domestic wastewater inoculated with sewage sludge under identical conditions. The electrochemical properties of the system, comprising the polarization curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), were examined along with the scope of chemical oxygen demand (COD) exclusion, to distinguish the cell behaviour. Furthermore, acidic water and Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) were tested as potential catholytes compared to the performance of the wastewater was gauged at various salt concentrations. The maximum salt removal efficiency was 31%, power density and current density were 32 mW-m
−2
and 246 mA-m
−2
respectively at a salt concentration of 35 g-L
−1
that decreases with a decline in salt concentration. The maximum achieved power density and current density were 32 mW-m
−2
and 246 mA-m
−2
respectively. The applied method has huge potential to scaleup for large scale application in coastal regions.
This work explores the existence and uniqueness criteria for the solution of hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional sequential differential equations (HCHFSDEs) by employing Darbo’s fixed-point theorem. ...Fractional differential equations play a pivotal role in modeling complex phenomena in various areas of science and engineering. The hybrid approach considered in this work combines the advantages of both the Caputo and Hadamard fractional derivatives, leading to a more comprehensive and versatile model for describing sequential processes. To address the problem of the existence and uniqueness of solutions for such hybrid fractional sequential differential equations, we turn to Darbo’s fixed-point theorem, a powerful mathematical tool that establishes the existence of fixed points for certain types of mappings. By appropriately transforming the differential equation into an equivalent fixed-point formulation, we can exploit the properties of Darbo’s theorem to analyze the solutions’ existence and uniqueness. The outcomes of this research expand the understanding of HCHFSDEs and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in fractional calculus and fixed-point theory. These findings are expected to have significant implications in various scientific and engineering applications, where sequential processes are prevalent, such as in physics, biology, finance, and control theory.
Purpose
In Pakistan, a major constrain to goat farming is the tick and tick-borne diseases that results in financial losses to livestock farmers. This study was conducted to report the molecular ...prevalence of
Anaplasma
(
A.
)
marginale
in goat blood samples collected during four seasons from Khanewal district in Punjab (Pakistan).
Methods and results
The mps1 gene of
A. marginale
was targeted in 900 blood samples that were collected on seasonal basis (
n
= 225 per season) and 6.6% (61/900) goats were found positive with
A. marginale
.
Anaplasma marginale
positive PCR products were sequenced and submitted to the GenBank. Prevalence of
A. marginale
varied with sampling season (
P
= 0.002) and it was highest in the summer (11.5%) followed by the autumn (7.6%), spring (5.3%), and winter seasons (2.7%) respectively.
Anaplasma marginale
prevalence varied significantly between goat breeds during the autumn (
p
= 0.01) and summer seasons (
p
= 0.02). Goats more than 2 years old and livestock farms where only goats were kept and dogs were associated with herds were risk factors for ovine anaplasmosis during different seasons. White and red blood cell counts and parameters associated with their counts were affected in
A. marginale
infected goats while studied serum parameters remained unaffected.
Conclusion
PCR is a reliable tool for the detection of
A. marginale
in goat blood samples. A relatively low prevalence of
A. marginale
in goats of Khanewal district was observed and the parasite prevalence in goats was higher in the summer (May until September) and autumn (October and November) seasons. Control measures are required to prevent tick-borne diseases in ruminants from Pakistan.
In this work, we explore the existence results for the hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional boundary value problem (CH-FBVP). The inclusion version of the proposed BVP with a three-point hybrid ...Caputo–Hadamard terminal conditions is also considered and the related existence results are provided. To achieve these goals, we utilize the well-known fixed point theorems attributed to Dhage for both BVPs. Moreover, we present two numerical examples to validate our analytical findings.
The present study aimed at the corpus-based stylistic analysis of gender representation in Nadeem Aslam’s novelMaps for lost lovers. The data consisted of instances of taboo terms, verbs, and ...adjectives used with male and female characters. The study followed the theoretical consideration of Dale Spender and the methodology adapted was corpus-based that dealt with data both quantitatively and qualitatively. The instances of selected categories along with concordances were derived from a specialized corpus built of one-novel text through AntConc 3.5.8. The study revealed physical and linguistic violence of men against women. The frequency analysis of taboo terms, adjectives, and verbs concluded that male characters were shown as more dominating, powerful, and resourceful landlords whereas women were reflected as struggling, inferior, and wicked objects. 75% of verbal taboos were spoken by male characters, of which 92% were directed towards demeaning female characters. Moreover, 43% of verb concordances were found with male characters portraying man’s dominance, decisiveness, and independent status while 35% of verbs directly correlate with woman’s submissive and passive roles in society. There were 86% of adjectives having negative connotations in various respects used with female characters attributing women as immoral, sexual, irrational, and overemotional whereas 28% showed the assertive, exuberant nature of the male figure. The research serves as a major contribution to the emerging field of corpus linguistics integrating it with gender studies and recommends further study of gender roles portrayed in the Pakistani literary genre.
To examine the effectiveness of relaxation training on anxiety level of pregnant women with serious medical complications.
The ex-post facto study was conducted from January to August 2018 at Allied ...and City hospitals in Jallalpur Jattan,Gujrat, Pakistan, and comprised pregnant women with serious medical conditions. Their medical symptoms were confirmed by a medical chart. Data was collected using the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, and those with high levels of anxiety were retained. These women attended 60-minute relaxation training twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 126 women initially assessed, 50(39.5%) were shortlisted for detailed anxiety evaluation. Of them, 30(60%) were included, and after 3(10%) dropouts, the study was completed by 27(90%) women. There was significant difference in overall pre- and post-intervention mean values of anxiety (p=0.001).
Relaxation training was found to have a significant effect in terms of reducing anxiety without the use of medications among pregnant women with serious medical conditions.
Despite the traditional trends in gender classification, people are suffering from a condition known as Gender Dysphoria (GD) in Asian countries generally and in Pakistan particularly. The study was ...intended to explore how young individuals with gender dysphoria define and interpret their gender identity. Through the purposive sampling technique, eleven young individuals (19–30 years) with GD were recruited from three cities in Pakistan; Gujrat, Jhelum, and Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken, and theme analysis was used to examine the data. The study findings revealed that participants utilized the internet as an information source to explore and learn about their gender. They had the chance to investigate, discover, validate, and embrace their genders through talking with others both inside and outside the transgender community. The influence of gender confusion and bodily pain on their emotional well-being may be worsened or lessened depending on how others respond and support them. Participants believed that the stigma and prejudice towards persons with GD were fueled by a lack of knowledge, awareness, and education. As a result, there was a desire to protest and initiate social action to decrease the stigma and improve the quality of life of individuals with gender dysphoria.
In this work, the nanocomposite (NC) of cobalt oxide and nickel oxide (Co3O4/NiO) was synthesized via an environment-friendly route. Jasminum mesyni leaf extract was used to fabricate Co3O4/NiO NC. ...The as-synthesized NC was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In the XRD pattern of the synthesized NC, the characteristic Bragg's peaks for nickel oxide were observed at crystal planes 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222, whereas those for cobalt oxide were observed at crystal planes 111, 220, 311, 400, 511, and 550, confirming the formation of Co3O4/NiO NC. SEM micrographs revealed the spherical-shaped NC. The synthesized Co3O4/NiO NC was assessed for photocatalytic activity. For this purpose, a model pollutant, methylene blue (MB) dye, was utilized. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the synthesized nanomaterial towards methyl blue was determined to be 92.8% within 80 min, surpassing the efficiency of the same nanomaterial synthesized previously, as reported in the literature.
Display omitted
•Jasminum mesyni mediated synthesis of Co3O4/NiO NC.•Characterization of the synthesized Co3O4/NiO NC by different characterization techniques.•Degradation of methylene blue dye using the synthesized Co3O4/NiO NC.
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