A raised plaque that contained histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and sequences from a novel papillomavirus type developed close to the ear canal of a 14‐year‐old West Highland white ...terrier. The plaque was excised, and further plaques developed within the same area of pinna.
Résumé
Une plaque virale à papillomavirus confirmée histologiquement contenant des séquences d'un un nouveau type de papillomavirus se sont développées à proximité du conduit auditif d'un West Highland White âgé de 14 ans. La plaque a été retirée chirurgicalement et d'autres plaques se sont développées dans la même zone du pavillon.
Resumen
Una placa elevada que contenía evidencia histológica de infección por papilomavirus y secuencias de un nuevo tipo de papilomavirus se desarrolló cerca del canal auditivo de un West Highland White Terrier de 14 años. Se extirpó la placa y se desarrollaron más placas dentro de la misma área del pabellón auricular.
Zusammenfassung
Nahe dem Ohrkanal eines 14‐jährigen West Highland White Terriers entwickelte sich eine erhabene Plaque, die histologisch auf eine Papillomavirus Infektion hinwies und Sequenzen eines neuen Papillomavirus Typs zeigte. Diese Plaque wurde chirurgisch entfernt und es entwickelten sich weitere Plaques innerhalb derselben Stellen der Pinna.
要約
14歳のウエスト・ハイランド・ホワイト・テリアの外耳道付近に、パピローマウイルス感染の組織学的証拠および新規パピローマウイルス型の配列を含む隆起性局面が発生した。この局面を切除したところ、耳介の同部位にさらに局面が発生した。
摘要
在一只14岁的西高地白㹴犬耳道附近发现了一个隆起斑块，组织学证据含有乳头瘤病毒感染，而且是一种新型乳头瘤病毒序列。斑块被切除后，在耳廓的同一区域内出现更多斑块。
Resumo
Uma placa elevada apresentando evidências histopatológicas de infecção por papilomavírus e sequências de um novo tipo de papilomavírus surgiu próximo ao conduto auditivo de um West Highland White Terrier de 14 anos de idade. A placa foi removida e outras placas se desenvolveram na mesma área da orelha.
A raised plaque that contained histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and sequences from a novel papillomavirus type developed close to the ear canal of a 14‐year‐old West Highland white terrier. The plaque was excised, and further plaques developed within the same area of pinna.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well recognized to cause pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in humans. Similarly, there is increasing evidence that PVs play a significant role in the development of ...pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the haired skin of dogs and cats, and the mucosa of horses. As the mechanisms by which PVs cause neoplasia are well studied in humans, it is valuable to compare the PV-induced neoplasms of humans with similar PV-associated neoplasms in the companion animal species. In the second part of this comparative review, the pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases thought to be caused by PVs in humans, dogs, cats, and horses are described. This includes PV-induced cutaneous plaques, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and mucosal SCCs within the four species. The review concludes with a discussion about the potential use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced diseases of dogs, cats, and horses.
Isothiocyanates are a well-known class of cancer chemopreventive agents, and broccoli sprouts are a rich source of several isothiocyanates. We report herein that dietary administration to rats of a ...freeze-dried aqueous extract of broccoli sprouts significantly and dose-dependently inhibited bladder cancer development induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. The incidence, multiplicity, size, and progression of bladder cancer were all inhibited by the extract, while the extract itself caused no histologic changes in the bladder. Moreover, inhibition of bladder carcinogenesis by the extract was associated with significant induction of glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in the bladder, enzymes that are important protectants against oxidants and carcinogens. Isothiocyanates are metabolized to dithiocarbamates in vivo, but dithiocarbamates readily dissociate to isothiocyanates. We found that >70% of the isothiocyanates present in the extract were excreted in the urine as isothiocyanate equivalents (isothiocyanates + dithiocarbamates) in 12 h after a single p.o. dose, indicating high bioavailability and rapid urinary excretion. In addition, the concentrations of isothiocyanate equivalents in the urine of extract-treated rats were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than those in plasma, indicating that the bladder epithelium, the major site of bladder cancer development, is most exposed to p.o. dosed isothiocyanate. Indeed, tissue levels of isothiocyanate equivalents in the bladder were significantly higher than in the liver. In conclusion, broccoli sprout extract is a highly promising substance for bladder cancer prevention and the isothiocyanates in the extract are selectively delivered to the bladder epithelium through urinary excretion.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to ...cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
Papillomaviruses in felids Munday, John S.
The veterinary journal (1997),
03/2014, Letnik:
199, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The ability of papillomaviruses (PVs) to cause disease in human beings and most domestic animals has long been recognised. However, disease due to PVs in cats was not reported until 1990. Since this ...first description of feline cutaneous viral plaques, additional feline diseases have been causally linked to PVs, and PV-induced disease has been reported in a wide range of felids. In this review, the PV replication cycle and the subsequent immune response are discussed, along with diagnostic methods to confirm intralesional infection. In domestic cats, viral plaques, Bowenoid in situ carcinomas and feline sarcoids are thought to be caused by PV infection; the appearance, clinical behaviour and causative PVs of these diseases are discussed. Recent evidence that PVs could also be a significant cause of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas is reviewed. Lastly, PV-associated diseases of exotic felids are presented.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are common cancers of cats. While papillomaviruses (PVs) are an important cause of human OSCCs, there is currently little evidence that PVs cause squamous cell ...carcinomas (SCCs) of the mouth or other mucosal surfaces in cats. In the present cat, in situ carcinomas developed on the gingiva and nictitating membrane. Neoplastic cells within both cancers contained prominent PV-induced cellular changes consistent with those caused by Felis catus PV3 (FcaPV3), and FcaPV3 DNA was amplified from both cancers. Neoplasms also contained intense nuclear and cytoplasmic p16CDKN2A protein (p16) immunolabeling, suggesting PV-induced degradation of retinoblastoma protein. The molecular and histological features strongly suggested the cancers were caused by FcaPV3 infection. This is the first report of an association between PV infection and the development of an in situ carcinoma of the mucosa of cats. The identification of these lesions suggests that PVs might cause a proportion of OSCCs, and SCCs from other mucosal surfaces, in cats.
Epidemiological evidence indicates that a high dietary intake of plants of the
Allium family, such as garlic and onions, decreases the risk of cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this effect ...is due to the ability of the aliphatic mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasulfides derived from these vegetables to increase tissue activities of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes. In contrast, toxic effects have been recorded in domestic and farm animals after the consumption of garlic or onions, involving oxidative damage to erythrocytes and consequent hemolytic anemia. This effect again has been attributed to the aliphatic sulfides. In the present study, the ability of sulfides derived from garlic and onions to generate “active oxygen” species and cause oxidative damage to erythrocytes in vitro has been compared, together with their ability to cause hemolytic anemia and increase the activity of the Phase 2 enzymes quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione
S-transferase (GST) in rats. Monosulfides were without significant effect on any parameter. Di-, tri-, and tetrasulfides generated hydrogen peroxide in the presence of GSH and hemoglobin and caused oxidative damage to erythrocytes in vitro. The activity decreased in the order of tetra- > tri- > disulfide, with the allyl compounds being more potent than the propyl. In vivo, both allyl and propyl tri- and tetrasulfides were powerful hemolytic agents. In contrast, only the allyl sulfides increased the activities of QR and GST; the propyl derivatives were completely without effect. Allyl and propyl tri- and tetrasulfides, thus, may contribute to the toxic effects of
Allium vegetables, while only the allyl derivatives are effective in increasing tissue activities of cancer-protective enzymes.
Sarcoids are common mesenchymal neoplasms of horses. Although there are few studies in which sarcoids have been followed over a long period of time, sarcoids are considered locally invasive and have ...been reported to frequently recur following surgical excision. Currently, no histological features have been identified to predict which sarcoids will recur after excision. The present study comprised 49 sarcoids for which histology sections were available and in which the recurrence status of the case was known. Each sarcoid was excised from a different horse. Overall, 12 of the 49 (24%) sarcoids recurred after surgical excision. Mitotic count (MC), cellularity, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and inflammation of the sarcoids were evaluated histologically. Of these, MC correlated with recurrence. Four of 5 (80%) sarcoids with an MC ≥ 20 in 2.37 mm2 recurred, which was a significantly higher recurrence rate than that of sarcoids with an MC < 20, 8 of 44 cases recurred (18%), P = .0051. Clinical type was also found to correlate with recurrence. Three of 4 (75%) fibroblastic types recurred, which was a significantly higher recurrence rate than that of sarcoids with other clinical types, 9 of 45 cases (18%), P < .001. In addition, univariate Cox regression analysis confirmed fibroblastic type and MC ≥ 20 as significant predictors for recurrence (P = .016 and P = .005, respectively). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large study examining recurrence rates in sarcoids, and the first time that histological features have been correlated with recurrence.
Papillomaviruses in dogs and cats Munday, John S.; Thomson, Neroli A.; Luff, Jennifer A.
The veterinary journal (1997),
July 2017, 2017-Jul, 2017-07-00, 20170701, Letnik:
225
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Papillomaviruses cause proliferative cutaneous and oral diseases in dogs and cats.•Most canine papillomaviral lesions are self-resolving.•Papillomaviruses cause canine pigmented plaques that may be ...pre-neoplastic.•Papillomaviruses in cats may cause pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.•Why only some cats develop disease is poorly understood.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause disease in both dogs and cats. In dogs, PVs are thought to cause oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and canine viral pigmented plaques, whereas PVs have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in this species. In cats, PVs are currently thought to cause oral papillomas, feline viral plaques, Bowenoid in situ carcinomas and feline sarcoids. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that PVs may also be a cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas in cats. These diseases are discussed in this review. Additionally, there is a brief overview of PV biology, including how these viruses cause disease. Diagnostic techniques and possible methods to prevent PV infection are also discussed.
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