The naked carp is an endangered cyprinid that migrates annually between freshwater rivers, where it spawns, and Lake Qinghai, where it feeds and grows. Lake Qinghai is a high‐altitude lake (3,200 m) ...in western China that currently exhibits the following composition (in mmol L−1: Na+ 200, Cl− 173, Mg2+ 36, Ca2+ 0.23, K+ 5.3, total CO221, titration alkalinity 29; osmolality 375 mOsm kg−1; pH 9.3), but concentrations are increasing because of water diversion and climate change. We studied the physiology of river water to lake water transfer. When river fish are transferred to lake water, there is a transitory metabolic acidosis followed by a slight respiratory alkalosis, and hemoconcentration occurs. All plasma electrolytes rise over the initial 48 h, and final levels in lake water–acclimated fish are very close to lake water concentrations for Na+, Cl−, K+, and osmolality, whereas Ca2+ continues to be regulated well above ambient levels. However, Mg2+ rises to a much greater extent (fourfold in 48 h); final plasma levels in lake fish may reach 12 mmol L−1but are still much lower than in lake water (36 mmol L−1). At the same time, urine flow rate decreases drastically to <5% of river water values; only the renal excretion of Mg2+is maintained. Both gill and kidney Na+,K+‐ATPase rapidly decline, with final levels in lake water fish only 30% and 70%, respectively, of those in river water fish. Metabolic rate also quickly decreases on exposure to lake water, with O2consumption and ammonia‐N excretion rates eventually falling to only 60% and 30%, respectively, of those in river fish, while plasma ammonia rises fivefold. The fish appear to be benefiting from a metabolic holiday at present because of decreases in iono‐ and osmoregulatory costs while in lake water; elevated plasma Mg2+ and ammonia may be additional factors depressing metabolic rate. If the lake continues to dehydrate, these benefits may change to pathology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tumor associated lymphocytes (TAL) isolated from malignant ascites cultured in media containing interleukin-2 show antitumor responses. These antitumor responses are mediated by cytotoxic T ...lymphocytes (CTL) which recognize antigen in the context of MHC molecules using T cell receptors. CD8+ CTL recognize peptide epitopes processed from cellular proteins in the context of MHC class I molecules. These peptides have a restricted length of 8-11 amino acids. The folate binding protein (FBP) is overexpressed in over 90% of ovarian and 20-50% of breast cancers. We recently found that FBP is the source of antigenic peptides recognized by a number of these CTL-TAL. This indicated that FBP peptides are antigenic in vivo for ovarian and breast CTL-TAL. To define FBP immunogenicity, a peptide defining the epitope E39 (FBP, 191-199) was presented by PMBC derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy donors isolated by the CD14 method to ovarian and breast CTL-TAL. Stimulation of ovarian and breast CTL-TAL by E39 pulsed DC (DC-E39), in the presence of IL-2, rapidly enhanced or induced E39 specific CTL activity. This E39-responder population consisted of cells expressing TCR V beta 9, V beta 13, and V beta 17 families, based on the increase in the percentages of these families in DC-E39 versus DC-NP stimulated TAL. Characterization of immunogenic tumor antigens and of cytokine requirements for induction of functional antitumor effectors may be important for future cancer vaccine developments.
The measurement of two-particle angular correlations is a powerful tool to study jet quenching in a pT region inaccessible by direct jet identification. Here, the differences in the pseudorapidity ...(Δη) and azimuthal (Δφ) measurements are used to extract the shape of the near-side peak formed by particles associated with a higher pT trigger particle (1 < pT,trig < 8 GeV/c). A combined fit of the near-side peak and long-range correlations is applied to the data allowing the extraction of the centrality evolution of the peak shape in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. A significant broadening of the peak in the Δη direction at low pT is found from peripheral to central collisions, which vanishes above 4 GeV/c, while in the Δφ direction the peak is almost independent of centrality. For the 10% most central collisions and 1 < pT,assoc < 2 GeV/c, 1 < pT,trig < 3 GeV/c a novel feature is observed: a depletion develops around the center of the peak. Our results are compared to pp collisions at the same center of mass energy and ampt model simulations. The comparison to the investigated models suggests that the broadening and the development of the depletion is connected to the strength of radial and longitudinal flow.
Macrocyclic ketone analogues of halichondrin B Zheng, Wanjun; Seletsky, Boris M.; Palme, Monica H. ...
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters,
11/2004, Letnik:
14, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Synthesis and SAR studies of structurally simplified analogues of marine natural product halichondrin B resulted in the discovery of E7389, a new potential antitumor agent currently undergoing Phase ...I clinical trials.
Structurally simplified macrocyclic ketone analogues of halichondrin B were prepared by total synthesis and found to retain the potent cell growth inhibitory activity in vitro, stability in mouse serum, and in vivo efficacy of the natural product.
The new cytotoxic compounds, mycalamides C (3) and D (4), have been isolated from the marine sponge Stylinos n. sp., along with the known theopederin E (1) and mycalamide A (2).
This statement offers guidelines on the integration of expanded school health services, including school-based and school-linked health centers, into community-based health care systems. Expanded ...school health services should be integrated so that they enhance accessibility, provide high-quality health care, link children to a medical home, are financially sustainable, and address both long- and short-term needs of children and adolescents.
The CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) Pathfinder is performing line intensity mapping of CO emission to trace the distribution of unresolved galaxies at redshift \(z \sim 3\). We present an improved ...version of the COMAP data processing pipeline and apply this to the first two seasons of observations. This analysis improves on the COMAP Early Science (ES) results in several key aspects. On the observational side, all second season scans were made in constant-elevation mode, after noting that the previous Lissajous scans were associated with increased systematic errors; those scans accounted for 50% of the total Season 1 data volume. Secondly, all new observations were restricted to an elevation range of 35-65 degrees, to minimize sidelobe ground pickup. On the data processing side, more effective data cleaning in both the time- and map-domain has allowed us to eliminate all data-driven power spectrum-based cuts. This increases the overall data retention and reduces the risk of signal subtraction bias. On the other hand, due to the increased sensitivity, two new pointing-correlated systematic errors have emerged, and we introduce a new map-domain PCA filter to suppress these. Subtracting only 5 out of 256 PCA modes, we find that the standard deviation of the cleaned maps decreases by 67% on large angular scales, and after applying this filter, the maps appear consistent with instrumental noise. Combining all these improvements, we find that each hour of raw Season 2 observations yields on average 3.2 times more cleaned data compared to ES analysis. Combining this with the increase in raw observational hours, the effective amount of data available for high-level analysis is a factor of 8 higher than in ES. The resulting maps have reached an uncertainty of \(25\)-\(50\,\mu K\) per voxel, providing by far the strongest constraints on cosmological CO line emission published to date.
The Carbon monOxide Mapping Array Project (COMAP) Pathfinder survey continues to demonstrate the feasibility of line-intensity mapping using high-redshift carbon monoxide (CO) line emission traced at ...cosmological scales. The latest COMAP Pathfinder power spectrum analysis is based on observations through the end of Season 2, covering the first three years of Pathfinder operations. We use our latest constraints on the CO(1-0) line-intensity power spectrum at \(z\sim3\) to update corresponding constraints on the cosmological clustering of CO line emission and thus the cosmic molecular gas content at a key epoch of galaxy assembly. We first mirror the COMAP Early Science interpretation, considering how Season 2 results translate to limits on the shot noise power of CO fluctuations and the bias of CO emission as a tracer of the underlying dark matter distribution. The COMAP Season 2 results place the most stringent limits on the CO tracer bias to date, at \(\langle{Tb}\rangle<4.8\) \(\mu\)K. These limits narrow the model space significantly compared to previous CO line-intensity mapping results while maintaining consistency with small-volume interferometric surveys of resolved line candidates. The results also express a weak preference for CO emission models used to guide fiducial forecasts from COMAP Early Science, including our data-driven priors. We also consider directly constraining a model of the halo-CO connection, and show qualitative hints of capturing the total contribution of faint CO emitters through the improved sensitivity of COMAP data. With continued observations and matching improvements in analysis, the COMAP Pathfinder remains on track for a detection of cosmological clustering of CO emission.
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