This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) of an improved power quality standalone single phase microgrid system. The proposed microgrid system integrates a governor-less micro-hydro ...turbine driven single-phase two winding self-excited induction generator with a wind driven permanent magnet brushless dc generator, solar photo-voltaic (PV) array and a battery energy storage system. These renewable energy sources are integrated using only one single-phase voltage source converter (VSC). The ASMC-based control algorithm is used to estimate the reference source current which controls the single-phase VSC and regulates the voltage and frequency of the microgrid in addition to harmonics current mitigation. The proposed ASMC estimates the reference real and reactive powers of the system, which is adaptive to the fluctuating loads. The sliding mode control is used to estimate the reference real power of the system to maintain the energy balance among wind, micro-hydro, solar PV power, and BESS, which controls the frequency of standalone microgrid. The proposed microgrid is implemented in real time using a digital signal processor controller. Test results of proposed microgrid shows that the grid voltage and frequency are maintained constant while the system is following a sudden change in loads and under intermittent penetration of wind and solar energy sources.
Aim
To examine in a laboratory setting the efficacy of moderate to high strength magnetic fields, as a potential bacteriostatic stimulus, against Enterococcus faecalis, one of the causative agents ...for infection during root canal treatments.
Methodology
Four different strengths (1, 2, 3 and 4 T) of the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) were applied in thirty repetitions to bacterial suspension. A pickup coil setup was used to measure the electromotive force induced inside the bacterial suspensions. The optical density (OD) was monitored over time (for 16 h 40 min) during the post‐treatment period to assess bacterial growth. Along with the change in OD values, live/dead assay, membrane depolarization study, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay on selected samples were studied to evaluate the effect of PMFs. All results were analysed using one‐way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test and considered significant at p < .05. Regression analysis (at a confidence of 95%, α = 0.05) was performed on the bacterial growth and membrane depolarization studies to determine progressive changes of the outcomes.
Results
The peak value of the induced electromotive force was recorded as 0.25 V, for the 4 T magnetic field pulse with a pulse width of 16 ms. There was a significant arrest of bacterial cell growth after an exposure to PMFs of 1 T, 3 T and 4 T (ANOVA score: F (4, 495) =395.180 at p = .05). The image‐based qualitative results of the live/dead assay using fluorescence microscopy techniques indicated that an exposure to higher PMFs (3 T/ 4 T) induced a bacteriostatic effect in a longer post‐exposure timescale. Evidence of altered membrane potential within the 2 h of exposure to 4 T PMF was supported by the incidence of elevated ROS. For the ROS assay, a significant difference occurred for 4 T exposed samples (ANOVA score: calculated F (1, 3) =20.2749 at p = .05). SEM and AFM observations corroborated with the outcomes, by portraying significant membrane damage.
Conclusion
In a laboratory setting, PMFs with higher magnitudes (3 T and 4 T) were capable of inducing bacteriostatic effects on E. faecalis.
This paper is aimed at design and implementation of a modified electronic load controller (MELC) for constant frequency operation with voltage regulation of a two winding single-phase self-excited ...induction generator (SEIG) applicable for renewable energy applications specifically for off-grid power generation using a small-size hydro energy. The system frequency is maintained constant at a reference level for fixed as well as variable input mechanical power to the prime mover experienced in small hydro systems due to seasonal variations. The point of common coupling (PCC) voltage is also regulated by the controller at varying loads by controlling the power flow to the dump load. The proposed MELC is developed for the constant frequency generation and voltage regulation of single-phase SEIG with frequency as a feedback variable.
The virus inducible non-coding RNA (VINC) was detected initially in the brain of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and rabies virus. VINC is also known as NEAT1 or Men epsilon RNA. ...It is localized in the nuclear paraspeckles of several murine as well as human cell lines and is essential for paraspeckle formation. We demonstrate that VINC interacts with the paraspeckle protein, P54nrb through three different protein interaction regions (PIRs) one of which (PIR-1) is localized near the 5′ end while the other two (PIR-2, PIR-3) are localized near the 3′ region of VINC. Our studies suggest that VINC may interact with P54nrb through a novel mechanism which is different from that reported for protein coding RNAs.
Good glottic exposure is a prerequisite for a good microlaryngeal surgery. Often this is difficult to predict preoperatively. This study aims to evaluate the utility of office-based rigid ...laryngoscopy (70°) as a screening tool to predict laryngeal exposure during micro laryngoscopy. Sixty-nine patients underwent office-based rigid laryngeal examination followed by micro laryngoscopic surgery for benign vocal cord lesions. Office-based laryngoscopy was classified as grade 1 when the entire glottis with anterior commissure (AC) was visualized without undue traction of tongue; grade 2 when AC was visualized only during phonation and with some traction of tongue and grade 3 when there is an inability to visualise the glottis adequately despite moderate traction of tongue and the examination was completed using a flexible scope. These were correlated with laryngeal exposure during micro laryngoscopy. 42 patients were categorized as grade 1 out of which 39 (93%) had a favourable laryngeal exposure (class 1) while only 3 (7%) had a partially favourable exposure (class 2). 18 patients were categorized as grade 2 out of which 12(66%) had a favourable exposure (class 1) as against 6 (33%) who had a partially favourable exposure (class 2). Nine of our patients were categorized as grade 3 out of which all 9 (100%) had an unfavourable exposure (class 3) requiring angled tele laryngoscopy to complete the surgery. A strong correlation between office-based laryngoscopic grading and exposure during operative laryngoscopy was obtained statistically (Cramer’s V test, V = 0.746). Office examination with a 70° telescope is a good predictor of glottic exposure during micro laryngoscopy. We believe that the ease of performing a micro laryngoscopy in the operating room is directly proportional to the ease of doing laryngoscopy in the office.
Idiopathic ulcerative laryngitis (IUL) is characterized by bilateral ulceration of vocal cords which is followed by a protracted course of healing. It is rarely diagnosed, with a paucity of published ...data in English literature. There is no published data on this topic in the Indian population. Twenty-one patients from 3 centres were prospectively evaluated for clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. All patients underwent fibreoptic laryngoscopic evaluation and stroboscopic assessment. They were treated with supportive care and stringent follow-up. 21 patients with a median age of 39 years were included. This condition was commonly seen in males. All patients were treated conservatively except two who underwent a biopsy. The average time for full recovery in 14 of our patients who had compliant follow-ups was 9.24 weeks. GRBAS score improved from 9 to 5.93(
p
< 0.0001). Self-reported voice outcomes improved in all patients except for one patient who had a biopsy. IUL is uncommon but not rare in the Indian population. It shows full recovery with conservative management that involves at least more than 3–4 weeks.
This paper presents a green controller for a governor-less diesel engine driven two-winding single phase standalone self-excited induction generator (SEIG) based on search-then-converge network ...algorithm. Diesel engines used for driving standalone electric generators are designed with a rated power output. Normally such engines exhibit maximum efficiency at about 80% of their maximum power rating. This point of operation is called as maximum efficiency point of operation. The proposed control operates the single-phase SEIG to generate a fixed electric power to achieve a maximum efficiency point of operation of the diesel engine irrespective of quantum and nature of load. The proposed controller diverts the surplus generated electric power to the battery energy storage system after satisfying the power demand of the load in order to conserve electrical energy and to improve the overall system efficiency. The operation of a diesel engine at maximum efficiency point of operation with constant mechanical loading irrespective of amount of electrical loading on the generator reduces the brake specific CO, smoke, and unwanted hydro carbon emission from the engine. Thus this scheme is named as a green controller.
A high speed and area efficient Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm is implemented. In the proposed multiplier high speed is achieved by using the carry save adder (CSA) to reduce the carry ...propagation at the addition operation stage due to this delay is reduced and the input and outputs are propagated in the binary format. In modular multiplication these carry save adders are used for the format conversion leads less area consumption and the critical path is also reduced. In the proposed multiplier the number of addition and multiplication stages is reduced at the each stage of computation with the use of parallelism. The proposed multiplier is designed in the Xilinx ISE tool with the use of Verilog HDL programming language. Tentative results shows that the proposed Montgomery modular multiplication achieves better performance with respect to area and delay while comparing with the previous Montgomery modular multiplication.
The common blood feeder mites of poultry are from the genera
Dermanyssus
and
Ornithonyssus
. Their presence are problematic for the producers either through potential direct effects on weight gain, ...egg production or sperm production in roosters or as nuisance pests on workers. They also cause anaemia in birds and play a vector role for several human and animal diseases. Five poultry farm buildings of Vikarabad area of Rangareddy district were visited. Samples were collected from a variety of sites, including beneath feed troughs, inside cage fittings and fastening clips, under egg conveyer belts and under manure belts. Heavily mite infested feathers were plucked from three to five individual birds and kept in closed plastic covers. Samples were processed and mounted permanently by using DPX and species differentiation was done. Besides this litter materials and soil samples from the farm were also collected. Massive mixed infestations of
Dermanyssus
and
Ornithonyssus
mites were found. The morphological characters provided here can be considered as a practical tool for species differentiation and as these blood feeder mites were most prevalent and important pests of poultry, public health aspects of these parasites should be considered.
Background: Intraradicular procedures remove radicular dentin and jeopardizing longevity of a tooth. Traditional in vitro methods used to determine the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) have ...limitations.
Aim: The aim is to evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), RDT following rotary instrumentation and post space preparation in buccal and palatal roots of maxillary first premolars.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-three maxillary first premolars with two roots were selected. CBCT images were taken preoperatively, after instrumentation and Parapost 3 and 4 preparation (CBCT 1, 2, 3, and 4). RDT was measured 5 mm above apex, 1 mm below furcation, and 1 mm above furcation (Levels 1, 2, and 3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (P = 0.05).
Results: Rotary instrumentation and post space preparation reduced RDT in all walls of buccal and palatal roots. Post space preparation with Parapost 3 and 4 reduced RDT in the palatal wall of buccal root to <1 mm and Parapost 4 reduced all walls to 1 mm of dentin.
Conclusion: Post space preparation in maxillary first premolars should be performed cautiously. It is safer to place a post in the palatal root of this tooth and limit preparation to Parapost 3.
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