The aim of the current scoping review was to explore the associations between religious and spiritual factors and the health-related outcomes of adolescents with chronic illnesses, as well as to ...investigate possible mechanisms accounting for these relationships. In total, 20 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed after performing a search of the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The results suggested that religious and spiritual beliefs, thoughts, and practices (e.g., spiritual coping activities) might have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the way adolescents deal with their medical condition, on their psychosocial adjustment, on their mental and physical health, and on their adherence to treatments. Mediating and moderating mechanisms explaining these relations were also evidenced. Suggestions for future research and practical implications for healthcare professionals are provided in the concluding section of this work.
This paper reports experimental and numerical analysis results of a no-insulation (NI) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil in terms of temperature-dependent electric contact resistivity. A ...test coil was designed, constructed, and operated. The coil is divided into four sections according to the radial locations of inserted voltage taps to measure local voltages. A preliminary experiment was performed to evaluate the electromagnetic properties of the coil in liquid nitrogen. Then, the temperature-dependent contact resistance of the coil was evaluated from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">10 \,\mathrm{K}</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">80 \,\mathrm{K}</tex-math></inline-formula> at every <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">10 \,\mathrm{K}</tex-math></inline-formula> increment in a cooling conduction facility. To investigate the impact of the contact resistivity on the charge/discharge dynamics of the coil, we selected two arbitrary current ramp rates values, namely fast (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.5 \,\mathrm{A}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}</tex-math></inline-formula>) and slow (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.01 \,\mathrm{A}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}</tex-math></inline-formula>) charge/discharge. In this study, the experimental results were analyzed with equivalent circuit and finite element models. The analysis results suggest the following conclusions. First, the contact resistivity of the test coil calculated from the experiment at the coil terminals level increases by a factor 2 with respect to the temperature, ranging between <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.16 \,\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{\Omega }\,\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}^{-2}\,</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.59 \,\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{\Omega }\,\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}^{-2}\,</tex-math></inline-formula>. Second, although a constant winding tension was applied during the coil fabrication, the contact resistivity was found to increase within different sections (inner to outer radius). Third, the impact of the ramp rate on temperature dependency is negligible.
This work proposes a computational approach to estimate the equivalent resistance through which current can flow transversely in a no-insulation (NI) coil wound with High-Temperature Superconducting ...(HTS) tape, i.e., the transverse electrical resistance. The role of the composite layers in REBCO coated conductors and of the contact surface characteristics are distinguished, as these are key factors of the general transverse resistance. These terms are computed using simplified analytical formulae from which one can assess the impact of each mechanism singularly, e.g., the tape architecture and the temperature-dependent resistivities of its layers. The approach is validated against experimental measurements carried out on a NI single-pancake coil wound with HTS tape and tested at temperatures between 10 K and 80 K and under self magnetic field. The qualitative results obtained allow us to draw preliminary conclusions about the physical mechanisms that drive the transverse resistance in the test coil, which can eventually help during the design phase of a NI winding.
The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) Sorgente, Angela; Iannello, Nicolò M.; Musso, Pasquale ...
European journal of psychological assessment : official organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment,
05/2022, Letnik:
38, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The current study proposed the adaptation of the
Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) to the religious
domain as an instrument to measure both individuals' religious identity
...formation processes (when a variable-centered approach is
adopted) and religious identity statuses (when a
person-centered approach is adopted). The scale has been tested on a sample of
727 Italian participants aged 13-65 years, by collecting evidence
of score structure, convergent, and criterion-related validity. Regarding the
score structure validity, we confirmed that religious identity formation
consists of three processes (commitment, in-depth exploration, reconsideration
of commitment) and that, by using these scores, individuals can be placed into
five different religious identity clusters (achievement, diffusion, foreclosure,
moratorium, searching moratorium). As to the convergent and criterion-related
validity, we tested the relationship that the three factors (religious identity
formation processes) and the five clusters (religious identity
statuses) have with religiousness and subjective
well-being, respectively. Results indicate that the instrument is a promising
tool to measure religious identity. Future studies should test this scale in
other countries and with people from diverse religious traditions.
The present study investigated the longitudinal associations of self-control and parental involvement with prosociality and internalizing problems from early to mid-to-late adolescence, within a risk ...and resilience and a developmental cascade framework. We used a panel design (i.e., four measurement times at 2-year intervals from 2008 onwards) to examine data on 1523 Swiss adolescents when they were aged about 11, 13, 15, and 17. A cross-lagged analytical approach was used to respond to our purpose. Results showed that parental involvement promotes later levels of prosociality from early to mid-to-late adolescence. Furthermore, we observed that parental involvement predicted later improvements in self-control and that prosociality and internalizing problems mutually and positively predicted each other during the same period. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting positive parental involvement with their offspring may contribute to later adolescent prosociality and self-control and that health professionals should consider encouraging a healthy balance between self-interest and concern for others.
The identification of factors that counter youth’s radicalization while promoting democratic activism is a timely social issue. This paper examines the association of psychological well‐being (PWB) ...with violent radicalism and nonviolent activism, by focusing on the mediating role of both social disconnectedness (SD) and the perceived illegitimacy of the authorities (PIoA). Two mediation structural equation models (full vs. partial) were applied to data collected from 328 Italian adolescents (14–19 years). The results showed how SD and PIoA fully mediated the link of PWB with radicalism (negatively) and activism (positively). This model was further supported when compared with an alternative one proposing PWB as a mediator between SD and PIoA. The findings are discussed in light of the existing literature and provide potential implications for practice.
Although several prevention and countering radicalization programs in correctional institutions have been carried out in Europe and worldwide, little is known about their effectiveness. Thus, the ...current scoping review aimed at reporting on the state of the art of the literature assessing and evaluating such actions, identifying knowledge gaps, and examining methods used to assess their successfulness and impact. A total of eight studies that met eligibility criteria were reviewed after performing a search on Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (Ebsco) databases: Two studies evaluated a reintegration initiative based in the Netherlands; four focused on an Australian disengagement program; and two offered insights on a rehabilitation program carried out in Sri Lanka. Findings were discussed according to their evaluation methods (qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative) and instruments. Results highlighted that the evaluation process is still confronted with several methodological difficulties, such as a lack of agreement on how to univocally define and measure success and the identification of uniform indicators of deradicalization and disengagement. Additionally, results revealed that the effectiveness of these interventions is predominantly based on anecdotal evidence rather than on rigorous, empirical proofs. As such, it was not possible to compare these programs and determine which worked best. Suggestions for future research and practical implications for policymakers, prison governors, and practitioners are offered in the concluding section of this work.
Background
Hip fracture is one of the most common orthopedic causes of hospital admission in frail elderly patients. Hip fracture fixation in this class of patients is considered a high-risk ...procedure. Preoperative physical examination, plasma natriuretic peptide levels (BNP, Pro-BNP), and cardiovascular scoring systems (ASA-PS, RCRI, NSQIP-MICA) have all been demonstrated to underestimate the risk of postoperative complications. We designed a prospective multicenter observational study to assess whether preoperative lung ultrasound examination can predict better postoperative events thanks to the additional information they provide in the form of “indirect” and “direct” cardiac and pulmonary lung ultrasound signs.
Methods
LUSHIP is an Italian multicenter prospective observational study. Patients will be recruited on a nation-wide scale in the 12 participating centers. Patients aged > 65 years undergoing spinal anesthesia for hip fracture fixation will be enrolled. A lung ultrasound score (LUS) will be generated based on the examination of six areas of each lung and ascribing to each area one of the four recognized aeration patterns—each of which is assigned a subscore of 0, 1, 2, or 3. Thus, the total score will have the potential to range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 36. The association between 30-day postoperative complications of cardiac and/or pulmonary origin and the overall mortality will be studied. Considering the fact that cardiac complications in patients undergoing hip surgery occur in approx. 30% of cases, to achieve 80% statistical power, we will need a sample size of 877 patients considering a relative risk of 1.5.
Conclusions
Lung ultrasound (LU), as a tool within the anesthesiologist’s armamentarium, is becoming increasingly widespread, and its use in the preoperative setting is also starting to become more common. Should the study demonstrate the ability of LU to predict postoperative cardiac and pulmonary complications in hip fracture patients, a randomized clinical trial will be designed with the scope of improving patient outcome.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04074876. Registered on August 30, 2019.
The 3-week schedule with docetaxel (DTC) 75-100 mg/2 is associated with severe neutropenia, gastro-intestinal side-effects and fluid retention in a significant proportion of patients, which may be of ...concern in more elderly or poor performance status patients. A phase I-II trial was carried out to test the feasibility and the activity of a new bimonthly schedule of DCT.
The trial included a phase I study which aimed at the identification of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of DCT on a bimonthly schedule. The first group of three patients received DCT 40 mg/m2, and in absence of DLT, DCT dosage was escalated by 10 mg/m2/cycle until DLT was reached. In the phase II study, patients were randomized to receive: (a) standard 3-weekly DCT at the dose of 75 mg/m2 (calibration arm); or (b) bimonthly schedule with DCT at the dose recommended in the phase I study. All patients were pretreated with chemotherapy, mostly anthracycline-based regimens, for advanced/metastatic disease. Analysis of response rates, toxicity, and dose-intensity were the main aims of the study.
The DLT was represented by severe myelosuppression which was recorded in all patients treated at 70 mg/m2 dose level. Therefore, the MTD was 60 mg/m2 on a bimonthly schedule. However, the dose recommended for the phase II trial was 50 mg/m2, because no difference in delivered dose-intesity was seen between the 50 and 60 mg/m2 dose levels, and the latter dosage was still associated with grade 3 neutropenia in most patients. The parallel phase II study showed that the bimonthly schedule of DCT (50 mg/m2) allows to deliver the same dose-intensity of DCT 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Grade 3-4 side-effects were rather infrequent in patients treated with the bimonthly schedule. Overall response rate (ORR) was 41 and 44% for the DCT 50 mg/m2 bimonthly and the DCT 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, respectively.
Data achieved in the phase I part of the study showed that DCT 50 mg/m2 every 15 days is the recommended dose for phase II studies, while results achieved in the phase II trial suggest that DCT 50 mg/m2 in a bimonthly schedule is active as second-line chemotherapy for MBC being able to induce an ORR in the range reported for DCT 75-100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The bimonthly schedule is, however, associated with relatively low toxicity. This characteristic may render the bimonthly schedule particularly attractive for future phase II trials of DCT in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
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