Since the medical plan is promoting the clarification of medical institutions that are responsible for outpatient services to utilize medical resources, we analyzed the appropriateness of the ...placement of advanced medical devices in the conceptual area by using open data and the population center of gravity. The distribution of advanced medical devices in the conceptual area was grasped by center-of-gravity analysis using the number of installed advanced medical devices and the number of tests performed by each medical institution in the functional reporting of hospital beds and the medical function information provision system, and a comparative analysis of the distance and direction between the treatment rate and the center of gravity of the population receiving treatment based on population distribution was conducted. The distribution of advanced medical devices and the number of tests per device did not correspond to the center of gravity of the population receiving care. In addition to this, it was found that by conducting simulations in which the number of tests and locations of advanced medical equipment are varied, the optimal layout for the region can be obtained, and this should be used to promote the installation and renewal of equipment in the entire region.
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Nagaya, Tadanobu; Nakamura, Yu A; Choyke, Peter L ...
Frontiers in oncology,
12/2017, Letnik:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Surgical resection of cancer remains an important treatment modality. Despite advances in preoperative imaging, surgery itself is primarily guided by the surgeon's ability to locate pathology with ...conventional white light imaging. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) can be used to define tumor location and margins during the procedure. Intraoperative visualization of tumors may not only allow more complete resections but also improve safety by avoiding unnecessary damage to normal tissue which can also reduce operative time and decrease the need for second-look surgeries. A number of new FGS imaging probes have recently been developed, complementing a small but useful number of existing probes. In this review, we describe current and new fluorescent probes that may assist FGS.
Rubble-Pile Asteroid Itokawa as Observed by Hayabusa Fujiwara, A; Kawaguchi, J; Yeomans, D.K ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
06/2006, Letnik:
312, Številka:
5778
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During the interval from September through early December 2005, the Hayabusa spacecraft was in close proximity to near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa, and a variety of data were taken on its shape, ...mass, and surface topography as well as its mineralogic and elemental abundances. The asteroid's orthogonal axes are 535, 294, and 209 meters, the mass is 3.51 x 10¹⁰ kilograms, and the estimated bulk density is 1.9 ± 0.13 grams per cubic centimeter. The correspondence between the smooth areas on the surface (Muses Sea and Sagamihara) and the gravitationally low regions suggests mass movement and an effective resurfacing process by impact jolting. Itokawa is considered to be a rubble-pile body because of its low bulk density, high porosity, boulder-rich appearance, and shape. The existence of very large boulders and pillars suggests an early collisional breakup of a preexisting parent asteroid followed by a re-agglomeration into a rubble-pile object.
Ultrafast optical control of strain is crucial for the future development of nanometric acoustic devices. Although ultrafast electron microscopy has played an important role in the visualization of ...strain dynamics in the GHz frequency region, quantitative strain evaluation with nm × ps spatio-temporal resolution is still challenging. Five-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (5D-STEM) is a powerful technique that measures time-dependent diffraction or deflection of the electron beam at the respective two-dimensional sample positions in real space. In this paper, we demonstrate that convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) measurements using 5D-STEM are capable of quantitative time-dependent strain mapping in the nm × ps scale. We observe the generation and propagation of acoustic waves in a nanofabricated silicon thin plate of 100 nm thickness. The polarization and amplitude of the acoustic waves propagating in the silicon plate are quantitatively determined from the CBED analysis. Further Fourier-transformation analysis reveals the strain distribution in the momentum-frequency space, which gives the dispersion relation in arbitrary directions along the plate. Versatility of 5D-STEM-CBED analysis enables quantitative strain mapping even in complex nanofabricated samples, as demonstrated in this study.
Optically-induced nanoscale strain dynamics in nano-fabricated Si thin films are quantitatively visualized on the picosecond scale. A newly developed ultrafast five-dimensional convergent beam electron diffraction method is introduced.
Rendezvous of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa with the near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa took place during the interval September through November 2005. The onboard camera imaged the solid surface ...of this tiny asteroid (535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters) with a spatial resolution of 70 centimeters per pixel, revealing diverse surface morphologies. Unlike previously explored asteroids, the surface of Itokawa reveals both rough and smooth terrains. Craters generally show unclear morphologies. Numerous boulders on Itokawa's surface suggest a rubble-pile structure.
Abstract
We present a review on the development and applications of ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) at Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN). We introduce the UTEM ...system for the pump-probe transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation in a wide temporal range. By combining the UTEM and pixelated detector, we further develop five-dimensional scanning TEM (5D STEM), which provides the ultrafast nanoscale movie of physical quantities in nanomaterials, such as crystal lattice information and electromagnetic field, by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) and differential phase contrast imaging technique. We show our recent results on the nanosecond-to-microsecond magnetic skyrmion dynamics observed by Lorentz TEM (LTEM) and photoinduced acoustic wave generation in the picosecond regime by bright-field TEM and electron diffraction measurements by UTEM. We also show the demonstration of the 5D STEM on the quantitative time (t)–dependent strain mapping by CBED with an accuracy of 4 ps and 8 nm and the ultrafast demagnetization under a zero magnetic field observed by differential phase contrast with 10 ns and 400 nm resolution.
High-speed photography is a powerful tool for studying fast dynamics in photochemistry, spintronics, phononics, fluidics and plasma physics. Currently, the pump-probe method is the gold standard for ...time-resolved imaging, but it requires repetitive measurements for image construction and therefore falls short in probing non-repetitive or difficult-to-reproduce events. Here, we present a motion-picture camera that performs single-shot burst image acquisition without the need for repetitive measurements, yet with equally short frame intervals (4.4 trillion frames per second) and high pixel resolution (450 × 450 pixels). The principle of this method--'motion picture femtophotography'--is all-optical mapping of the target's time-varying spatial profile onto a burst stream of sequentially timed photographs with spatial and temporal dispersion. To show the camera's broad utility we use it to capture plasma dynamics and lattice vibrational waves, both of which were previously difficult to observe with conventional methods in a single shot and in real time.
Atomic-resolution electron microscopes utilize high-power magnetic lenses to produce magnified images of the atomic details of matter. Doing so involves placing samples inside the magnetic objective ...lens, where magnetic fields of up to a few tesla are always exerted. This can largely alter, or even destroy, the magnetic and physical structures of interest. Here, we describe a newly developed magnetic objective lens system that realizes a magnetic field free environment at the sample position. Combined with a higher-order aberration corrector, we achieve direct, atom-resolved imaging with sub-Å spatial resolution with a residual magnetic field of less than 0.2 mT at the sample position. This capability enables direct atom-resolved imaging of magnetic materials such as silicon steels. Removing the need to subject samples to high magnetic field environments enables a new stage in atomic resolution electron microscopy that realizes direct, atomic-level observation of samples without unwanted high magnetic field effects.
In this study, we examined mechanical properties of clay/polyethylene oxide (PEO) hydrogels as functions of the molecular mass of PEO and the composition. The hydrogels using ultra-high molecular ...mass PEOs higher than a few millions possessed very high extension (1000~2000%) and higher fracture stress in comparison with the gels using lower molecular mass PEOs. The mechanical strength was significantly affected by the composition, e.g., the moduli increased with increasing clay concentrations, whereas they decreased with the increase of the PEO concentration. The tensile properties between the clay/PEO gel and the clay/sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) gel with almost the same molecular masses were compared, so that their moduli had almost the same values, whereas the tensile strength for the former was much lower than that for the latter. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and quartz crystal microbalance analyses have revealed that the tensile behavior is attributed to weaker interactions between clay and PEO in comparison with those between clay and PAAS.
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