ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: The staining effect of tobacco smoke on resin color is clinically observed. However, there is no evidence determining whether this staining is increased on ...texturized surfaces or if the color change is superficial and can be removed by repolishing procedures.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke on the color of a composite with smooth or texturized surfaces, before and after repolishing.
Materials and Methods: Forty composite specimens were allocated into four groups (N = 10): Smooth surface not exposed (G1) and exposed to tobacco smoke (G2), texturized surface not exposed (G3), and exposed to tobacco smoke (G4). During 21 days, G2 and G4 were daily exposed to the smoke from 20 cigarettes. Color measurements were carried out at baseline, after 21 days, and after repolishing. Variables L* (luminosity), b* (blue‐yellow), and ΔE (total color change) were statistically analyzed (repeated measures analysis of variance/Tukey).
Results: Texturized and smooth specimens presented similar luminosity at baseline. Tobacco smoke significantly reduced L* in G2 and G4, and increased b* in G4. After repolishing, L* increased and b* reduced in stained groups, but values continued to be different from baseline ones. Repolishing significantly reduced ΔE, but values from stained groups were still greater than that from unstained groups.
Conclusion: Tobacco smoke changes the color of composite, and surface texture can increase the staining. Repolishing reduces superficial staining, but this procedure may not return the composite to baseline color.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Smokers that will receive anterior composite restorations should be warned about the negative cosmetic effect of the smoking habit on the color of restorations.
(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:252–261, 2010)
Wide-ranging activation of the innate immune system causing chronic low-grade inflammation is closely involved not only in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, through ...an ongoing cytokine-induced acute-phase response, but also in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, whereby cytokines play a central role in the host's response to the periodontal biofilm. Although there is extensive knowledge about the pathways through which diabetes affects periodontal status, less is known about the impact of periodontal diseases on the diabetes-related inflammatory state. This review attempts to explain the immunobiological connection between periodontal diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, exploring the mechanisms through which periodontal infection can contribute to the low-grade general inflammation associated with diabetes (thus aggravating insulin resistance) and discussing the impact of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in people living with both diabetes and periodontal disease.
The influence of oral infections, especially periodontal disease, on systemic diseases has been extensively discussed in the literature. Because periodontal disease is a persistent infection, it ...promotes an inflammatory response. C-reactive protein is a marker for inflammatory reactions that is frequently studied, since elevated levels of this protein are related to coronary events.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on reducing the serum levels of C-reactive protein, by means of a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.
A systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted in the PUBMED-MEDLINE database, using the key words "periodontal disease", "C-reactive protein", "periodontal therapy" and "periodontal treatment", in accordance with the terms for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on C-reactive protein levels. A qualitative analysis of studies of randomized clinical trial design was performed using CONSORT, with subsequent meta-analysis.
The literature search initially retrieved 46 potentially relevant studies available in the databases. From these, in accordance with the inclusion criteria, only 11 were selected, of which only 4 fulfilled the criteria of randomized clinical trial design. According to CONSORT, the studies evaluated generally presented good quality with regard to the criteria analyzed. Through meta-analysis, the reduction in mean levels of C-reactive protein (-0.231; p=0.000) after introducing periodontal treatment was estimated. The result was statistically significant, without evidence of heterogeneity between the studies (p=0.311).
The findings indicated that non-surgical periodontal treatment had a positive effect with regard to reduction of the serum levels of C-reactive protein.
Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between glycemic subsets and clinical periodontal conditions in type 2 diabetic Brazilians with generalized chronic ...periodontitis. Design Ninety-one Brazilians with type 2 DM and generalized chronic periodontitis were involved in this study. The clinical examination included full-mouth assessment of plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), suppuration (SUP), clinical attachment level (CAL) and number of remaining teeth. Blood analyses were carried out for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The relationship between the extent of periodontitis, defined as the percentage of sites with PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm, and glycemic parameters were also analysed. In addition, clinical parameters were compared amongst four (HbA1c levels ≤7.5%, 7.6–9%, 9.1–11% and >11%) and two (<9% and ≥9%) glycemic subsets. Results The frequency of uncontrolled diabetic subjects (HbA1c > 7.5%) was higher than well-controlled subjects (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%). Amongst the clinical parameters evaluated, only PI was positively correlated with the levels of HbA1c and FPG ( p < 0.05). The number of remaining teeth was negatively associated with the levels of HbA1c ( p < 0.05). In addition, PI was significantly higher in subjects presenting HbA1c levels >11% and ≥9% than those with HbA1c levels ≤7.5% and <9%, respectively ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Although an increased frequency of the subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis included presented type 2 uncontrolled DM, a dose–response relationship between the severity and extension of periodontitis and the glycemic control was not established in these subjects.
Background: It has been shown that cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) and estrogen deficiency (OVX) may affect bone quality around titanium implants; however, their association has not been evaluated. ...Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of CSI associated with OVX on bone healing around titanium implants.
Methods: The tibia surface of 45 female Wistar rats was surgically exposed, and screw‐shaped titanium implants were placed. The animals were randomly assigned to OVX (ovariectomized rats; n = 15), SHAM (sham‐operated rats; n = 15), and CSI + OVX (4 months of intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, starting 2 months before implant placement in ovariectomized rats; n = 15). The implants were placed at the time of OVX or SHAM surgery. After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. The percentages of mineralized tissue (bone density BD) in a 500‐μm‐wide zone lateral to the implant, bone filling (BF) within the limits of the threads, and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were measured in cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone.
Results: In zone A, the CSI + OVX group showed a significant difference regarding BIC and BD (P <0.05) compared to the other groups. In zone B, data analysis showed that the CSI + OVX group presented the lowest percentage of BD and BIC, followed by the OVX and SHAM groups, respectively (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cigarette smoke inhalation amplified the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency, affecting both preexisting and newly formed bone in the cortical and cancellous bone around titanium implants.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a flavor-containing dentifrice on the formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning bad breath. A two-step, blinded, crossover, randomized ...study was carried out in 50 dental students with a healthy periodontium divided into two experimental groups: flavor-containing dentifrice (test) and non-flavor-containing dentifrice (control). The volunteers received the designated dentifrice and a new toothbrush for a 3 X/day brushing regimen for 2 periods of 30 days. A seven-day washout interval was used between the periods. The assessed parameters were: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), organoleptic breath scores (ORG), VSC levels (as measured by a portable sulphide monitor) before (H1) and after (H2) cleaning of the tongue, tongue coating (TC) wet weight and BANA test from TC samples. The intra-group analysis showed a decrease in ORG, from 3 to 2, after 30 days for the test group (p < 0.05). The inter-group analysis showed lower values in ORG, H1 and H2 for the test group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the amount of TC between groups and the presence of flavor also did not interfere in the BANA results between groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that a flavor-containing dentifrice seems to prevent VSCs formation in morning bad breath regardless of the amount of TC in periodontally healthy subjects.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of bismuth subgallate on wound healing. In 40 Wistar rats, two standard wounds (3.5 mm x 2 mm) were made using a biopsy punch on the back of each ...animal. Test wounds were filled with bismuth subgallate and control wounds with 0.9% saline. At 1, 4, 7, 11 and 18 days, the qualitative evolution of the granulation tissue morphology was observed and digitalized histologic images were evaluated. There were no significant histological differences between test and control. Histometrically, there were statistically significant differences between test and control (ANOVA--days 1 and 4; Student t test, p < 0.05--days 7, 11 and 18) in terms of the following parameters: area of ulceration--day 1; distance between epithelial edges--day 4; area of granulation tissue--days 7, 11 and 18. It was concluded that bismuth subgallate is biocompatible to the healing tissue, and did not interfere with the normal development of wound healing.
Two case reports are presented in which the radiographic characteristics induced initially incorrect diagnoses. Only after combined clinical and radiographic examinations were the appropriate ...diagnoses achieved. This article demonstrates the need for close cooperation between periodontists and endodontists to diagnose periradicular lesions accurately.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the VSC-inhibiting effect of a commercially available mouthrinse (0.1% chlorine dioxide) when compared to its placebo. A 2-step double blind, crossover, ...randomised study was conducted with 14 dental students with healthy periodontium, who refrained from any mechanical plaque and tongue coating control during two 4-day experimental periods. The subjects were instructed to rinse 3 times daily with the assigned product during each period. A 7-day washout interval was established. VSCs levels were measured by a sulphide monitor at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of each experimental period. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon's and Mann-Whitney's non-parametric tests. At baseline, intragroup analysis revealed that VSCs levels did not differ between groups (p > 0.05); at day 5, the use of the chlorine dioxide mouthrinse did not change the baseline VSCs scores in the control group (p > 0.05), while a 2-fold increase was observed with the use of the placebo mouthrinse (p < 0.05). Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference between the VSCs levels of the test and control groups (40.2 +/- 30.72 and 82.3 +/- 75.63 ppb, p < 0.001) at day 5. Within the limits of this study, the findings suggest that a mouthrinse containing chlorine dioxide can maintain VSCs at lower levels in the morning breath.
Orientadores: Sergio de Toledo, Jaime A. Cury
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Previous issue date: 1999
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de dentifrícios contendo tri dosan-copo límero (E), tri closan- zi nco (D), tri closan-copolímero- zi nco pirofosfato (C), triclosan-pirofosfato (B) quando comparados a um dentifrício placebo (A), na atividade de enzimas tipo tripsina (BAPNA) presente na placa dental e na formação de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV) com o uso de um monitor de sulfetos portátil (HALIMETER, Interscan-USA), através do modelo da gengivite experimental. Durante a fase clínica, foi realizado um estudo cruzado, duplo cego, de cinco períodos, onde a escovação dental foi suprimida por 21 dias, no quarto quadrante da boca de 19 voluntários. Em cada período, os voluntários aplicaram um dos dentifrícios na região teste, três vezes ao dia, com o auxílio de uma matriz, isolando esta da escovação, a qual foi realizada no restante da boca. Intervalos de 30 dias aconteceram entre os períodos. Para a fase laboratorial, foram coletados a placa dental e o hálito bucal dos voluntários quando estes completaram os 21 dias de cada período. Os resultados estatístiços (p=0,05) dos dados obtidos com o teste BAPNA (nmol do produto/mg de placa x min), para cada tratamento, foram os seguintes: A- 10,98a ::t 0,61; B- 11,35a ::t 1,75; C- 2,82b::t 0,43; D- 9,41a::t 1,95; E- 6,03c::t 1,17. Para a formação dos CSV (ppb): A- 81,840 ::t 4,22; B- 48,79b ::t 1,98; C- 40,21c ::t 2,67; D- 71,16d ::t 2,98; E- 44,53bc ::t 1,94 (médias seguidas de letras diferentes, estatisticamente, diferem entre si). Concluiu-se que os dentifrícios contendo as formulações triclosan-copolímero-zinco-pirofosfato e triclosan-copolímero, apresentaram os melhores resultados na redução da atividade tipo tripsina e da formação de CSV durante a gengivite experimental
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effectO of dentifrices containing triclosan-copolymer (E), triclosan-zinc (D), triclosan-copolymer-zinc pyrophosphate (C), triclosan-pyrophosphate (D), with that of a placebo dentifrice without triclosan (A), on the trypsin activity (BAPNA) in dental plaque and on volatile sulphide compounds (VSC) formation by a portable sulphide monitor (HALIMETER, Interscan-USA). A double blind, cross over, experimental gingivitis study was conducted on 19 dental students during a 21 day period without toothbrushing, by a partial mouth experimental mode!. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of five dentifrices using groups. Undiluted test or placebo dentifrices were applied to the experimental teeth via toothshield. Thirty-day-wash-out i ntervals happened
among the experimental periods. The data from baseline were subjected to statistical analysis (p=0,05), according to the "Cross Over" designo The results for trypsin activity (nmolproduct/mgxmin) showed that at the day 21: A- 10,98a:t 0,61; B11,35a:t 1,75; C- 2,82b:t 0,43; D- 9,41a:t 1,95; E- 6,03c:t 1,17. For VSC (ppb) formation: A- 81,84a :t 4,22; B- 48,79b :t 1,98; C- 40,21c :t 2,67; D- 71-,16d :t 2,98; E- 44,53bc :t 1,94 (means followed by different letters differs nstatistically). It was concluded that the dentifrices containing triclosancopolymer-zinc-pyrophosphate and triclosan-copolymer presented the best
results for VSC and trypsin activity reduction during experimentaI9ingivi~
Doutorado
Periodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
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