Alport syndrome is a common genetic kidney disease accounting for approximately 2% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). It is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene COL4A3, ...COL4A4, or COL4A5. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and genetic spectrum of patients with autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS).
Retrospective cohort study.
82 families (252 patients) with ADAS were studied. Clinical, genetic, laboratory, and pathology data were collected.
A pathogenic DNA variant in COL4A3 was identified in 107 patients (35 families), whereas 133 harbored a pathogenic variant in COL4A4 (43 families). Digenic/complex inheritance was observed in 12 patients. Overall, the median kidney survival was 67 (95% CI, 58-73) years, without significant differences across sex (P=0.8), causative genes (P=0.6), or type of variant (P=0.9). Microhematuria was the most common kidney manifestation (92.1%), and extrarenal features were rare. Findings on kidney biopsies ranged from normal to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change was−1.46 (−1.66 to−1.26) mL/min/1.73m2 per year for the overall group, with no significant differences between ADAS genes (P=0.2).
The relatively small size of this series from a single country, potentially limiting generalizability.
Patients with ADAS have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic to kidney failure, a pattern not clearly related to the causative gene or type of variant. The diversity of ADAS phenotypes contributes to its underdiagnosis in clinical practice.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HLA complex class II HLA-DQ α-chain 1 (HLA-DQA1) and M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) genes were identified as strong risk factors for ...idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) development in a recent genome-wide association study. Copy number variants (CNVs) within the Fc gamma receptor III (FCGR3) locus have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, but their role in IMN has not been studied. This study aimed to validate the association of HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 risk alleles with IMN in a Spanish cohort, test the putative association of FCGR3A and FCGR3B CNVs with IMN, and assess the use of these genetic factors to predict the clinical outcome of the disease.
A Spanish cohort of 89 IMN patients and 286 matched controls without nephropathy was recruited between October of 2009 and July of 2012. Case-control studies for SNPs within HLA-DQA1 (rs2187668) and PLA2R1 (rs4664308) genes and CNVs for FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes were performed. The contribution of these polymorphisms to predict clinical outcome and renal function decline was analyzed.
This study validated the association of these HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 SNPs with IMN in a Spanish cohort and its increased risk when combining both risk genotypes. No significant association was found between FCGR3 CNVs and IMN. These results revealed that HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 genotype combination adjusted for baseline proteinuria strongly predicted response to immunosuppressive therapy. HLA-DQA1 genotype adjusted for proteinuria was also linked with renal function decline.
This study confirms that HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 genotypes are risk factors for IMN, whereas no association was identified for FCGR3 CNVs. This study provides, for the first time, evidence of the contribution of these HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 polymorphisms in predicting IMN response to immunosuppressors and disease progression. Future studies are needed to validate and identify prognostic markers.
MYH9 Associated nephropathy Furlano, Mónica; Arlandis, Rosa; del Prado Venegas, María ...
Nefrología,
03/2019, Letnik:
39, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
MYH9 related diseases are caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene and constitute a rare group of genetic entities. Its inheritance follows an autosomal dominant pattern. The MYH9 gene, encodes the ...nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA, expressed in different tissues and especially in podocytes and mesangial cells. The disorder is characterized by the presence of macrothrombocytopenia, leukocyte inclusions and a variable risk of developing renal failure, hearing loss and early-onset cataracts. We describe the case of a 27-year-old Caucasian woman, diagnosed initially with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. After a detailed family history and the appearance of renal involvement and hearing loss, genetic testing allowed to make the diagnosis of nephropathy associated with MYH9 mutation. This case is an example of the delayed diagnosis of uncommon diseases and highlights the usefulness genetic testing. A review of the disease is provided. Resumen: Las enfermedades relacionadas con mutaciones del gen MYH9 son un grupo de patologías genéticas raras. Su herencia sigue un patrón autosómico dominante en donde el gen MYH9, codifica la cadena pesada de la miosina IIA no muscular que se expresa en diferentes tejidos pero especialmente en los podocitos y en las células mesangiales. Este trastorno se caracteriza por la presencia de macrotrombocitopenia, inclusiones leucocitarias y un riesgo variable de desarrollar insuficiencia renal, hipoacusia y cataratas en edad juvenil o adulta. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 27 años, de raza caucásica, diagnosticada inicialmente de púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática. Tras una detallada historia familiar y el desarrollo de síntomas clínicos posteriores con afectación renal e hipoacusia, se le realizó un estudio genético que nos permitió el diagnóstico de nefropatía asociada a la mutación en el gen MYH9. Este caso destaca el retraso del diagnóstico y la utilidad del estudio genético en pacientes con enfermedades muy poco frecuentes. Se procede a la revisión de la enfermedad en este artículo. Keywords: MYH9 nephropathy, Hearing loss, Thrombocytopenia, Alport syndrome, Epstein syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly, Palabras clave: Nefropatía MYH9, Hipoacusia, Trombocitopenia, Síndrome de Alport, Síndrome de Epstein, Anomalía de May-Hegglin, Sindrome de Sebastián
La gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal incluye todas las enfermedades renales causadas por una inmunoglobulina monoclonal secretada por un clon de célula B no maligno. Por definición, los ...pacientes con gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal no cumplen criterios de mieloma múltiple y la alteración hematológica es generalmente considerada gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto. No obstante, la dolencia que pueden causar a nivel renal puede ser importante, requiriendo un tratamiento específico. El espectro de la gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal es amplio, incluyendo una entidad reciente como la nefropatía C3. El desarrollo de una nefropatía C3 en el contexto de una gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal tras el trasplante renal no es frecuente y hasta el momento ha sido poco descrita. A continuación presentamos 3 casos de nefropatía C3 asociados a una gammapatía monoclonal de aparición de novo tras el trasplante renal.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance includes all renal disorders caused by a monoclonal immunoglobulin secreted by a non-malignant B-cell clone. Patients with MGRS do not, by definition, meet criteria for multiple myeloma, with haematological disorders generally considered to be monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Nevertheless, the renal involvement can be serious and require specific treatment. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, including the recently discovered C3 glomerulopathy. Development of C3 glomerulopathy in the context of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance after kidney transplantation is uncommon and very few cases have been published to date. We report on three cases of C3 glomerulopathy in the context of de novo monoclonal gammopathy after kidney transplantation.
Nefropatía asociada a mutación del gen MYH9 Furlano, Mónica; Arlandis, Rosa; Venegas, María del Prado ...
Nefrología/Nefrología,
March-April 2019, 2019-03-00, 2019-03-01, Letnik:
39, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Las enfermedades relacionadas con mutaciones del gen MYH9 son un grupo de patologías genéticas raras. Su herencia sigue un patrón autosómico dominante en donde el gen MYH9, codifica la cadena pesada ...de la miosina IIA no muscular que se expresa en diferentes tejidos pero especialmente en los podocitos y en las células mesangiales. Este trastorno se caracteriza por la presencia de macrotrombocitopenia, inclusiones leucocitarias y un riesgo variable de desarrollar insuficiencia renal, hipoacusia y cataratas en edad juvenil o adulta. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 27 años, de raza caucásica, diagnosticada inicialmente de púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática. Tras una detallada historia familiar y el desarrollo de síntomas clínicos posteriores con afectación renal e hipoacusia, se le realizó un estudio genético que nos permitió el diagnóstico de nefropatía asociada a la mutación en el gen MYH9. Este caso destaca el retraso del diagnóstico y la utilidad del estudio genético en pacientes con enfermedades muy poco frecuentes. Se procede a la revisión de la enfermedad en este artículo.
MYH9 related diseases are caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene and constitute a rare group of genetic entities. Its inheritance follows an autosomal dominant pattern. The MYH9 gene, encodes the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA, expressed in different tissues and especially in podocytes and mesangial cells. The disorder is characterized by the presence of macrothrombocytopenia, leukocyte inclusions and a variable risk of developing renal failure, hearing loss and early-onset cataracts. We describe the case of a 27-year-old Caucasian woman, diagnosed initially with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. After a detailed family history and the appearance of renal involvement and hearing loss, genetic testing allowed to make the diagnosis of nephropathy associated with MYH9 mutation. This case is an example of the delayed diagnosis of uncommon diseases and highlights the usefulness genetic testing. A review of the disease is provided.
In recent years there has been a reclassification of hereditary tubulointerstitial renal diseases. The old concepts of nephronoptisis or medullary cystic disease have been reordered based on the ...discovery of new genes. The 2015 KDIGO guidelines proposed a unification of terminology, diagnostic criteria and monitoring. So far 4 genes causing autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease have been described: MUC1, UMOD, HNF1B and REN. Although the mutation in each of them causes distinctive features in how they present, all have in common the progressive tubulointerstitial damage and renal fibrosis. In this article, we present a review of the guidelines and the literature, and some practical recommendations for dealing with this disease.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance includes all renal disorders caused by a monoclonal immunoglobulin secreted by a non-malignant B-cell clone. Patients with MGRS do not, by definition, meet ...criteria for multiple myeloma, with haematological disorders generally considered to be monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Nevertheless, the renal involvement can be serious and require specific treatment. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, including the recently discovered C3 glomerulopathy. Development of C3 glomerulopathy in the context of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance after kidney transplantation is uncommon and very few cases have been published to date. We report on three cases of C3 glomerulopathy in the context of de novo monoclonal gammopathy after kidney transplantation. Resumen: La gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal incluye todas las enfermedades renales causadas por una inmunoglobulina monoclonal secretada por un clon de célula B no maligno. Por definición, los pacientes con gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal no cumplen criterios de mieloma múltiple y la alteración hematológica es generalmente considerada gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto. No obstante, la dolencia que pueden causar a nivel renal puede ser importante, requiriendo un tratamiento específico. El espectro de la gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal es amplio, incluyendo una entidad reciente como la nefropatía C3. El desarrollo de una nefropatía C3 en el contexto de una gammapatía monoclonal de significado renal tras el trasplante renal no es frecuente y hasta el momento ha sido poco descrita. A continuación presentamos 3 casos de nefropatía C3 asociados a una gammapatía monoclonal de aparición de novo tras el trasplante renal. Keywords: Monoclonal gammopathy, Kidney transplant, C3 glomerulopathy, Palabras clave: Gammapatía monoclonal, Trasplante renal, Nefropatía C3
Presentamos el caso de un varón de 32 años, con síndrome de genes contiguos TSC2/PKD1, que le ocasiona esclerosis tuberosa (ET) y poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante simultáneamente. Evolucionó ...a enfermedad renal terminal y se realizó trasplante renal a los 12 años. Los riñones presentaban angiomiolipomas (AML), que son tumores benignos frecuentes en pacientes con ET. A los 17 años postrasplante, presentó un cuadro de dolor abdominal, anemización y hematoma retroperitoneal. Dicho hematoma se produjo por el sangrado de los AML. Como tratamiento se realizó embolización selectiva. Nuestro paciente podría haberse beneficiado en el momento del trasplante renal del tratamiento con inhibidores de mTOR. Este fármaco actúa como inmunosupresor y reductor tumoral en la ET, al disminuir el riesgo de rotura y hemorragia. En este paciente no se administró porque cuando se trasplantó no se conocía la relación de los inhibidores de mTOR con la ET. Este caso confirma que, a pesar de tratarse de pacientes trasplantados o en diálisis, el riesgo de sangrado por los AML persiste, por lo cual se propone realizar controles periódicos de los riñones propios y valorar la nefrectomía.
We report the case of a 32-year-old male diagnosed with TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome, presenting with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease simultaneously. He progressed to end-stage renal disease and received a kidney transplant at the age of 12. The native kidneys presented angiomyolipomas (AML), which are common benign tumours in patients with TS. Seventeen years after transplantation, he presented with abdominal pain, anaemia and a retroperitoneal haematoma, the latter caused by renal AML bleeding. Selective embolisation was performed. Our patient could have benefited from the administration of mTOR inhibitors at transplant. This therapy is immunosuppressive and reduces the size of benign tumours in TS as well as the risk of rupture and bleeding. This patient did not receive mTOR inhibitors at the time of the transplant because the relationship between mTOR inhibitors and TS was unknown at that time. This case confirms the persistent risk of renal AML bleeding for both transplanted patients and patients on dialysis. As a result, we would recommend routine check-ups of native kidneys and nephrectomy assessment.
En los últimos años ha habido una reclasificación de las nefropatías tubulointersticiales de base genética. Los antiguos conceptos de nefronoptisis o enfermedad quística medular han sido reordenados ...con base en el hallazgo de nuevos genes. Las guías KDIGO del 2015 proponen una unificación de terminología, unos criterios diagnósticos y de seguimiento. Hasta el momento se han descrito 4genes causantes de la nefropatía tubulointersticial autosómica dominante: MUC1, UMOD, HNF1B y REN. Aunque la mutación en cada uno de los genes produce unos rasgos diferenciales en la forma de presentación, todas las formas tienen en común el progresivo daño túbulo-intersticial y la fibrosis renal. En este artículo, se pretende una revisión de las guías, de la literatura y ofrecer unas recomendaciones prácticas para el manejo de esta enfermedad.
In recent years there has been a reclassification of hereditary tubulointerstitial renal diseases. The old concepts of nephronoptisis or medullary cystic disease have been reordered based on the discovery of new genes. The 2015 KDIGO guidelines proposed a unification of terminology, diagnostic criteria and monitoring. So far 4genes causing autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease have been described: MUC1, UMOD, HNF1B and REN. Although the mutation in each of them causes distinctive features in how they present, all have in common the progressive tubulointerstitial damage and renal fibrosis. In this article, we present a review of the guidelines and the literature, and some practical recommendations for dealing with this disease.
Objective: Office blood pressure measurement is a recommended procedure by clinical guidelines. We designed the study to know the degree of blood pressure control by clinical measurement using an ...automatic delayed-reading oscillometric device. Design and method: During one month we collect demographic and clinical data, office attended systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure measured with an automatic device with a delayed start of the measurement and, if performed, data from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: We included 102 patients (67 men), with a mean age of 64.9 years, 30% diabetic and 34% with cardiovascular complications. 70% had a controlled hypertesion (<140/90 mmHg) by office blood pressure, the mean systolic blood pressure was 131 ± 16.5 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure was 73 ± 9.5 mmHg which is a high percentage compared with other studies. Old age and diabetes were associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Thirty three patients had ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data, which allowed them to be classified according to the 24-hour blood pressure into: 30% true normotension, 9% white-coat hypertension, 15% sustained hypertension, and 45% masked hypertension. Therefore, ambulatory measurements did not confirm the good blood pressure control. Conclusions: The use of automatic delayed-reading device reduces the white-coat phenomenon, improving the percentage of patients with office blood pressure controlled. However, this control is not confirmed outside the clinic, showing the importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the global evaluation of hypertension control. Aspects such as the presence or not of an observer, the number of blood pressure readings and the use of validated automatic devices with or without delayed start of the measurement should be the subject of clinical studies to determine the optimal technique for measuring office blood pressure.
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