Background: Acid etching is a stage in obtaining bonds between composites and enamel. The application of acid to the enamel surface, however, can cause dissolution of hydroxyapatite and ...demineralisation of the enamel surface. Phosphoric acid, a strong acid, is an etching material that can reduce enamel hardness. Excessively reducing hardness can interfere with attachment to the restorative material. One medicinal plant that can be used as an alternative material in acid etching is tamarind. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of 5% tamarind extract gel on the tensile strength of composite resins. Methods: This is an experimental research study with a post-test-only control-group design. The study used 14 mandibular incisors. The labial part of the incisor was prepared using a diamond fissure bur with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 2 mm. The control group was then etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel, while the experimental group was etched with 5% tamarind extract gel. Bonding resins and micro-hybrid composite resins were applied, based on the manufacturers’ instructions. Next, a tensile strength test and seeing formation resin tags by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Data were analysed using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The average tensile strength of composite resins in the group etched with 5% tamarind extract gel was the same as in the 37% phosphoric acid group (p > 0.05). SEM images also show that enamel etched with 5% tamarind extract gel produced a tag similar to that etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel. Conclusion: 5% tamarind extract as an etching material can generate tensile strength of composite resin and trigger formation of resin tags in the same way as 37% phosphoric acid.
Introduction: Caries is a tooth and oral illness caused by Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. The growth of caries-causing bacteria can be controlled by using 0.2% ...chlorhexidine mouthwash to control plaque, however long-term usage of 0.2% chlorhexidine causes negative effects. Natural components such as robusta coffee (Coffea robusta) husk, which possesses active compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins as alternative antibacterials, can be used to reduce adverse effects. The aim of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity of robusta coffee husk extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The robusta coffee husk was extracted using the maceration process with 96% ethanol as the solvent. Antibacterial test is conducted against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Baurer) with six treatment groups of extract concentration 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/mL, positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), and negative control (aquades steril). The zone of inhibition was measured in millimetres using a digital calliper (mm). The SPSS application was used to examine the calculation findings, which included the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, One Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: Robusta coffee husk extract at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL doses shown bactericidal activity in S. mutans (radical zone) and bacteriostatic activity in L. acidophilus (irradical zone). Conclusion: Robusta coffee husk extract has an antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by the 1000 mg/mL concentration of extract.
Periodontitis adalah inflamasi kronis yang disebabkan infeksi bakteri salah satunya P. gingivalis. Produk bakteri berupa lipopolisakarida (LPS) mampu meningkatkan sekresi sitokin proinflamatori ...sehingga terjadi peningkatan jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit. Hal ini menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang lebih lanjut. Biji kopi robusta memiliki kandungan polifenol, alkaloid dan saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta terhadap jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit pada gingiva model tikus periodontitis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah the post test only control group design. Dua puluh ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yakni kelompok normal, periodontitis, periodontitis yang diterapi gel aloclair, kelompok periodontitis yang diterapi 0,025 g/mL gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta, dan kelompok periodontitis yang diterapi 0,05 g/mL gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta selama 7 hari perlakuan. Tikus didekapitasi dan dilakukan pengecatan HE untuk melihat jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit. Hasil menunjukkan pemberian gel ekstrak kopi robusta dapat menurunkan jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit sama dengan aloclair pada model tikus periodontitis yang diinduksi P. gingivalis. Gel ekstrak biji kopi 0,05 g/mL lebih efektif menurunkan limfosit dibandingkan 0,025 g/mL.
Etching agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphoric acid which are widely used in adhesive restoration system aimed to increase for retention of restorative materials, may ...act a chemical irritant that induce inflammation of dental pulp. Inflammation is a body response against irritant and infectious agents. Matrix metalloproteinase-8, the major collagenolytic enzyme, degrades collagen type 1. This enzyme is expressed in low level in normal condition, however, the expression will increase during inflammation. The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of 19% EDTA and 37% phosphoric acid application as an etching agents on the MMP-8 expression of dental pulp. Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. Cavity preparation was made on the occlusal surface of maxillary first molar using a round diamond bur. 19% EDTA, 37% phosphoric acid, and distilled water were applied on the surface of the cavity of the teeth in group I, II, and III subsequently. The cavity then filed by glass ionomer cements. The rats were sacrified at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the treatment (n=3 for each day). The specimens were then processed histologically. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed using rabbit anti rat MMP-8 polyclonal antibody to examine MMP-8 expression and HE (Hematoxylen Eosin) staining to observe the number of macrophages. The results showed 37% phosphoric acid application induced stronger expression of MMP-8 and higher number of macrophages than 19% EDTA. The strongest expression of MMP-8 seems on 5 days after the treatment where the highest number of macrophages were also found.
Background: Etching agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphoric acid which are widely used in adhesive restoration system, are aimed to increase retention of restorative ...materials; however, these agents may induce inflammation of dental pulp. The major function of the inflammatory response is to remove invading pathogens or damaged tissue/ cells and therefore, initiate repair. Neutrophils and macrophages are motile phagocytes that constitute the body's first line of defense. Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of 19% EDTA and 37% phosphoric acid for etching application agents on the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. Methods: Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. Cavity preparation was made on the occlusal surface of maxillary first molar using a round diamond bur. Nineteen percent of EDTA, 37% phosphoric acid, and distilled water were applied on the surface of the cavity of the teeth in group I, II and III respectively. The rats were sacrified at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the application (n=3 for each day). The specimens were then processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p<0.05) among treatment groups, indicating that etching agents application induced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration in the dental pulp. Tuckey HSD test showed that application of 37% phosphoric acid increased higher number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes significantly than 19% EDTA (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study suggested that 37% phosphoric acid induced higher number of the inflammatory cells than 19% EDTA. Latar belakang: Penggunaan bahan etsa seperti ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dan asam fosfat pada sistem restorasi adhesif bertujuan untuk meningkatkan retensi bagi bahan restorasi, namun penggunaan bahan-bahan tersebut dapat menginduksi inflamasi pada pulpa. Respon inflamasi berfungsi untuk menghilangkan patogen, sel-sel atau jaringan yang rusak dan menginisiasi perbaikan. Netrofil dan makrofag adalah sel fagosit yang merupakan garis pertama pertahanan tubuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek EDTA 19% dan asam fosfat 37% sebagai bahan etsa terhadap respon inflamasi pada pulpa gigi. Metode: Empat puluh lima ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Permukaan oklusal gigi molar satu rahang atas dipreparasi menggunakan diamond round bur. Pada kelompok I kavitas diaplikasikan EDTA 19%, kelompok II diaplikasikan asam fosfat 37% dan kelompok III diaplikasikan akuades. Hewan coba dikorbankan pada hari ke-1, 3, 5, 7 dan 14 setelah aplikasi bahan etsa (n=3). Spesimen diproses secara histologis dan dicat dengan hematoksilin eosin. Hasil: Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antar kelompok perlakuan, mengindikasikan bahwa aplikasi bahan etsa menyebabkan infiltrasi sel inflamasi pada pulpa, baik netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit. Hasil uji Tuckey HSD menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menstimulasi infiltrasi sel netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit signifikan (p<0,05) lebih banyak dibanding EDTA 19%. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menyebabkan infiltrasi sel inflamasi yang lebih banyak dibanding EDTA 19%.
Pendahuluan: Sutra cocoon laba-laba merupakan bahan alternatif yang diketahui sering digunakan oleh masyarakat tradisional untuk menghentikan pendarahan dan menutup luka. Cocoon laba-laba terdiri ...dari asam amino glisin dan alanin yang berkontribusi pada adhesi dan proliferasi sel. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah menganalisis potensi gel ekstrak sutra cocoon laba-laba Argiope modesta 5% terhadap jumlah sel fibroblas dan kepadatan kolagen pada penyembuhan luka gingiva. Metode: Penelitian experimental laboratories dengan the post- test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 35 ekor tikus wistar jantan, dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu (a) kelompok kontrol negatif, diaplikasikan gel plasebo; (b) kelompok perlakuan, diberi gel ekstrak cocoon laba-laba 5%; (c) kelompok sehat, tidak diberi perlukaan maupun terapi. Lima belas ekor tikus kelompok kontrol negatif dan 15 ekor tikus kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi 3 sub kelompok hari pengamatan, yaitu hari ke-3, ke-5 dan hari ke-7 yang terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus setiap sub kelompok. Kelompok tikus sehat terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Perlukaan dibuat pada mukosa gingiva M1 kiri rahang bawah, kemudian dilakukan aplikasi gel. Hewan coba di euthanasia untuk selanjutnya dibuat sediaan histologi dan dilakukan pengamatan sel fibroblas dan kolagen. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,01) rerata jumlah fibroblas kelompok perlakuan (18,67±0,72) dibanding kelompok kontrol negatif (12,08±0,32) dan kelompok sehat (9,17±0,43) pada hari ke-7. Rerata kolagen berbeda signifikan (p=0,01) pada kelompok perlakuan (245,12±1,07) dibanding kelompok kontrol negatif (231,53±0,90) dan kelompok sehat (248,75±1,27) pada hari ke-7. Simpulan: Aplikasi gel ekstrak cocoon laba-laba (Argiope modesta) 5% terbukti meningkatakan jumlah sel fibroblas dan kepadatan kolagen. Kata kunci: cocoon; laba-laba; glisin; alanin; fibroblast; kolagen ABSTRACT Introduction: Spider cocoon silk is an alternative material that traditional people often use to stop bleeding and close wounds. Spider cocoon is composed of glycine and alanine amino acids which con-tribute to cell adhesion and proliferation. This study aimed to analyze the potency of the 5% Argiope modesta spider silk extract gel on the number of fibroblasts and collagen density on gingival wound healing. Methods: Experimental laboratory research with the post-test only control group design. The samples used were 35 male Wistar rats, randomly divided into three groups, namely (a) negative control group, placebo gel was applied; (b) the treatment group was given 5% spider cocoon extract gel; (c) healthy group, not given any injury or therapy. Fifteen rats in the negative control group and 15 rats in the treatment group were divided into three subgroups on the day of observation, namely, on the third, fifth and seventh days, which consisted of five rats in each subgroup. The healthy rat group consisted of five rats. An injury was made on the mandibular left M1 gingival mucosa, and then the gel was applied. Experimental animals were euthanized for further histology preparation, and observations of fibroblasts and collagen cells were carried out. Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.01) in the mean number of fibroblasts in the treatment group (18.67±0.72) compared to the negative control group (12.08±0.32) and the healthy group (9.17±0, 43) on the seventh day. The mean collagen was sig-nificantly different (p=0.01) in the treatment group (245.12±1.07) compared to the negative control group (231.53±0.90) and the healthy group (248.75±1.27) on the day of seventh. Conclusions: The application of spider cocoon extract gel (Argiope modesta) 5% increases the number of fibroblasts and collagen density. Keywords: cocoon; spider; glycine; alanine; fibroblasts; collagen
Lack of nutrient intake, especially calcium, can inhibit tooth development because calcium is the major component of the inorganic material that forms enamel and dentin. Caffeine in coffee can ...decrease calcium levels in the body. Arabica coffee has a very high caffeine content compared to other types of coffee. Excessive caffeine consumption can cause the inhibition of PTH secretion. As a result, the nursing mother's body cannot absorb calcium optimally. This makes the baby lack calcium intake which is used for the dental calcification process. This study analyzes radiographic images of tooth calcification of rat cubs during lactation period from rat mothers which consumed excess doses of Arabica coffee. Forty-eight breastfeeding rat mothers (n = 48) were divided into a control group and a treatment group. The control group consisted of 24 rat mothers that were given aquadest. The treatment group consisted of 24 nursing rat mothers, which were given coffee orally at a dose of 2.7 grams/200 grams/day. After the rat mothers gave birth (H + 1 to H + 18), every 4 rat cubs were euthanized, then the mandibular bones were X-rayed. Dental calcification was viewed and analyzed based on radiographic images. The teeth of rat cubs whose mothers consumed excess doses of Arabica coffee experienced a delay in the calcification stage compared to the teeth of normal rat cubs. Consumption of Arabica coffee by nursing mothers can cause a delay in the stage of dental calcification in rat cubs.
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