Design and performance of the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup Abdou, Y.; Becker, K.-H.; Berdermann, J. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2012, Letnik:
683
Journal Article
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The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) was built to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the South Pole ice in the 10–100kHz frequency range, for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of ...an acoustic neutrino detection array at the South Pole. The SPATS hardware consists of four vertical strings deployed in the upper 500m of the South Pole ice cap. The strings form a trapezoidal array with a maximum baseline of 543m. Each string has seven stages equipped with one transmitter and one sensor module (glaciophone). Sound is detected or generated by piezoelectric ceramic elements inside the modules. Analogue signals are sent to the surface on electric cables where they are digitized by a PC-based data acquisition system. The data from all strings are collected on a central computer in the IceCube Laboratory from where they are sent to a central data storage facility via a satellite link or stored locally on tape. A technical overview of SPATS and its performance is presented.
Astrophysical neutrinos at EeV energies promise to be an interesting source for astrophysics and particle physics. Detecting the predicted cosmogenic (Greisen-Zatsepin- Kusmin, "GZK") neutrinos at ...1016 - 1020 eV would test models of cosmic ray production at these energies and probe particle physics at ∼100 TeV center-of-mass energy. IceCube may be able to detect ∼10 GZK events per year with an extension including optical, radio, and acoustic receivers sparsely arrayed surrounding the optical core. Such a detector would feature crosscalibration with coincident events and would allow superior background rejection capability, energy and direction resolution, and confidence in discovered signals compared to single-method detectors. We present estimates of the neutrino effective volume for such a hybrid array both with the single-method sub-arrays independently and requiring combinations of sub-arrays to detect the same events. We also present ideas on hybrid event reconstruction and results from a proof-of-principle Monte Carlo test of a hybrid reconstruction algorithm.
In order to detect the small neutrino fluxes expected at ultra-high energies, large volumes of materials have to be instrumented with inexpensive but sensitive acoustic sensors. The South Pole ...Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) will be installed in the Antarctic ice during the polar season 2006/2007 after which the collected data will be used to reveal the acoustic properties of the South Polar ice cap. The developed piezoceramic based ultrasound sensors and transmitters that are part of this system have been extensively studied during calibration measurements in water, using a commercial hydrophone as reference. Also, a SPATS system test was accomplished in Lake Torneträsk, Abisko (Sweden). This allowed verification of the DAQ system, transmitter range and sensor performance. Here the results of the calibrations and the Abisko lake measurements are reported.
Due to the low flux of ultra-high energetic neutrinos induced in interactions of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave background, very large instrumented volumes and new registration techniques are ...necessary for their detection. The south polar ice offers the unique opportunity to implement existing Cherenkov techniques as well as registration of radio and acoustic waves from the neutrino interaction. A simulation of a ~ 120 km3 hybrid optical/radio/acoustic detector showed that event rates of ~ 10 per year can be achieved. In this simulation the ultrasonic parameters of antarctic ice regarding absorption, scattering and environmental noise pose the key uncertainty. To evaluate the acoustic properties in-situ, the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) has been created. An array of custom-made ultrasonic sensors and transmitters will be deployed on three strings in the upper 400 m of the holes of the IceCube experiment. The status of the experiment and a first evaluation of its performance are presented here.
SPATS - an Acoustic Array at the South Pole group:, S Hundertmark for the Spats; Böser, S; Bohm, C ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
03/2007, Letnik:
60, Številka:
1
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The detection of extraterrestrial EHE neutrinos requires detection volumes at least one order of magnitude larger than currently constructed km3 optical neutrino detectors. In ice, it is anticipated ...that the absorption length for acoustic waves reaches up to to several kilometers. This makes ice an attractive host environment for a next generation acoustic neutrino detector. To measure the acoustic properties of ice at South Pole, a test setup has been developed, ready to be deployed in the 2006/07 summer season.
We report on the results of the search for extremely-high energy neutrinos with energies above 10(7) GeV obtained with the partially (similar to 30%) constructed IceCube in 2007. From the absence of ...signal events in the sample of 242.1 days of effective live time, we derive a 90% C.L. model independent differential upper limit based on the number of signal events per energy decade at E-2 phi(ve+v mu+v tau) similar or equal to 1.4 x 10(-6) GeV cm(-2) sec(-1) sr(-1) for neutrinos in the energy range from 3 x 10(7) to 3 x 10(9) GeV.
The interest in the detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above 10
17
eV has increased considerably in recent years. Possible target materials for in-matter arrays of ∼100
km
3 size under ...discussion are water, ice and rock salt. Here we propose to investigate permafrost as an additional alternative, covering ∼20% of Earth land surface and reaching down to more than 1000
m depth at certain locations. If sufficiently large attenuation lengths for radio and acoustic signals can be demonstrated by in-situ measurements, the construction of a large hybrid array within this material may be possible in the Northern Hemisphere. Properties and problems of a possible location in Siberia are discussed below. Some acoustic data are compared with laboratory measurements using “artificial” permafrost.
Editorial Buitink, S; Hörandel, J R; de Jong, S ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2017, Letnik:
135
Conference Proceeding
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This proceeding gives a summary of the current status and open questions of the radio technique for cosmic-ray air showers, assuming that the reader is already familiar with the principles. It ...includes recent results of selected experiments not present at this conference, e.g., LOPES and TREND. Current radio arrays like AERA or Tunka-Rex have demonstrated that areas of several km2 can be instrumented for reasonable costs with antenna spacings of the order of 200m. For the energy of the primary particle such sparse antenna arrays can already compete in absolute accuracy with other precise techniques, like the detection of air-fluorescence or air-Cherenkov light. With further improvements in the antenna calibration, the radio detection might become even more accurate. For the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, Xmax, currently only the dense array LOFAR features a precision similar to the fluorescence technique, but analysis methods for the radio measurement of Xmax are still under development. Moreover, the combination of radio and muon measurements is expected to increase the accuracy of the mass composition, and this around-the-clock recording is not limited to clear nights as are the light-detection methods. Consequently, radio antennas will be a valuable add-on for any air shower array targeting the energy range above 100 PeV.
A fiber detector radiation hardness test Bähr, J; Nahnhauer, R; Nerreter, S ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2000, Letnik:
449, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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An intense
146
MeV/c
pion beam was stopped inside a scintillating fiber detector made out of 12 planes with 16 pixels each, where every pixel consists of 8×8 densely packed scintillating fibers of ...500 μm diameter. The detector was irradiated for 52 h to more than 10 kGy at its center. Before and directly after the irradiation the detector had been exposed to a particle beam to compare the corresponding light output. This study was continued during the following three months using cosmic rays. No damage was found taking into account the measurement errors of 5–10%. A 9 cm deep lucite degrader became irreversibly non-transparent in the irradiation region.
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