Reflexionar sobre las competencias del docente de la traducción en el nivel universitario se ha vuelto una necesidad en un contexto de globalización, de revolución digital y de afán por la excelencia ...frente a un mercado laboral cada vez más exigente. La Escuela de Traductores e Intérpretes de Beirut (ETIB), miembro de la red EMT, ha emprendido un estudio empírico que permitió identificar 64 competencias requeridas de sus docentes. Para lograr una mejor alineación con los estándares y requisitos de la red EMT, y para destacar las peculiaridades de la ETIB como institución de educación superior, resultó imprescindible aproximar las competencias de los docentes de la ETIB a las del Perfil del Formador EMT.
In the context of a digital revolution that predicts a change of rules in different sectors of the future economy and in order to comply with the requirements of the extremely changing labor market, ...the education sector is faced with the big challenge of sustaining teaching quality. Competence-based training (CBT) seems to offer the best way of reaching this aim, but teaching using the CBT model requires specific teaching competences. After publishing a framework for translator and translation competences, the EMT network publishes the Translator Trainer Profile that outlines the competences that translator trainer staff should possess. The School of Translators and Interpreters of Beirut (ETIB) of Saint Joseph University of Beirut, member of the EMT network since 2019, conducted a qualitative research with the aims of identifying the teaching competences required from its teachers. This article exposes the results and the different steps undertaken in this research.
Abstract
In the context of a digital revolution that predicts a change of rules in different sectors of the future economy and in order to comply with the requirements of the extremely changing labor ...market, the education sector is faced with the big challenge of sustaining teaching quality. Competence-based training (CBT) seems to offer the best way of reaching this aim, but teaching using the CBT model requires specific teaching competences. After publishing a framework for translator and translation competences, the EMT network publishes the Translator Trainer Profile that outlines the competences that translator trainer staff should possess. The School of Translators and Interpreters of Beirut (ETIB) of Saint Joseph University of Beirut, member of the EMT network since 2019, conducted a qualitative research with the aims of identifying the teaching competences required from its teachers. This article exposes the results and the different steps undertaken in this research.
Context: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes contribute to the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and both susceptible and protective alleles were implicated with its ...pathogenesis, which varies among various ethnic/racial groups.
Objective: This study investigated the heterogeneity in HLA class II haplotypes distribution among Bahraini and Lebanese T1D patients.
Design: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study.
Setting: The study was conducted at primary care private and public health centers.
Patients and Other Participants: Subjects comprised 126 T1D patients and 126 healthy controls from Bahrain and 78 Lebanese T1D patients and 111 control subjects.
Intervention(s): There were no interventions.
Results: Although Lebanese and Bahraini patients share DRB1*030101, DQB1*0201 as susceptible and DRB1*100101 and DQB1*030101 as protective alleles, DRB1*040101 was an additional susceptible allele in Bahraini patients, and DRB1*130701 and DQB1*050101 were additional susceptible and protective alleles in Lebanese, respectively. DRB1*030101-DQB1*0201 was susceptible, whereas DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201 and DRB1*110101-DQB1*030101 were protective haplotypes in Bahraini and Lebanese. DRB1*040101-DQB1*0302 and DRB1*040101-DQB1*050101 displayed different associations: they were protective in Lebanese but susceptible or neutral among Bahrainis. Whereas the frequency of homozygous DRB1*03011-DQB1*0201 was higher in Bahraini and to a lesser extent Lebanese patients, homozygous DRB1*110101-DQB1*030101 was significantly more frequent in Lebanese but not Bahraini controls, whereas DRB1*030101-DQB1*0201/DRB1*040101-DQB1*0201 was the major genotype among Bahraini patients but not Lebanese subjects in whom it was present at very low frequencies.
Conclusion: In view of these differences between Bahraini and Lebanese, this demonstrates that the contribution of HLA class II to the genetic susceptibility to T1D must be evaluated with regard to specific HLA haplotypes and also ethnic origin and racial background.
Abstract Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) can be associated with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) therapy. Various mechanisms of NBP-associated ONJ have been proposed and there is currently ...no consensus of the underlying pathogenesis. The detailed medical and dental histories of 30 ONJ patients treated with NBPs for malignant diseases (24) or osteoporosis (6) were analyzed. The necrotic bone was resected and analyzed histologically after demineralization. In 10 patients the perinecrotic bone was also resected and processed without demineralization. Alveolar bone samples from 5 healthy patients were used as controls. In 14 ONJ patients, serial technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphic scans were also available and confronted to the other data. Strong radionuclide uptake was detected in some patients several months before clinical diagnosis of ONJ. The medullary spaces of the necrotic bone were filled with bacterial aggregates. In the perinecrotic bone, the bacteria-free bone marrow characteristically showed an inflammatory reaction. The number of medullary inflammatory cells taken as an index of inflammation allowed us to discriminate two inflammation grades in the ONJ samples. Low-grade inflammation, characterized by marrow fibrosis and low inflammatory cells infiltration, increased numbers of TRAP+ mono- and multineacleated cells was seen in patients with bone exposure < 2 cm2 . High-grade inflammation, associated with larger lesions, showed amounts of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase+ /calcitonin receptor− mono- and multinucleated cells, osteocyte apoptosis, hypervascularization and high inflammatory cell infiltration. The clinical extent of ONJ was statistically linked to the numbers of inflammatory cell. Taken together these data suggest that bone necrosis precedes clinical onset and is an inflammation-associated process. We hypothesize that from an initial focus, bone damage spreads centrifugally, both deeper into the jaw and towards the mucosa before the oral bone exposure and the clinical diagnosis of ONJ.
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a newly characterised cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. This cytokine is expressed in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and IL-38 deficient mice have ...exacerbated arthritis. Here, we analysed the effect of IL-38 overexpression in the joints of arthritic mice, in human macrophages and synovial fibroblasts in vitro.
Articular injections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/8 encoding IL-38 were performed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) and antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice. The effect of IL-38 overexpression was evaluated through clinical scores, immunohistochemistry, microCT, Luminex and RT-qPCR analysis. THP-1 macrophages were transduced with a lentiviral vector to overexpress IL-38.
Clinical inflammatory scores were significantly decreased after AAV IL-38 injection in joints of mice with CIA and STIA, but not AIA. This decrease was accompanied by reduced macrophage infiltration and a decreased expression of Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, IL-22) and TNFα. However, IL-38 overexpression had no effect on cartilage or bone destruction. In vitro, the THP-1 monocytic cell line expressed less IL-6, TNFα and IL-23 after IL-38 overexpression. Conditioned media from these cells, containing released IL-38, also exert an anti-inflammatory effect on human primary macrophages and synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA.
This study shows for the first time that IL-38 overexpression attenuates the severity of experimental arthritis. IL-38 may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. This effect can lead to the development of novel treatment strategies in arthritis.
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