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Electroless metal deposition on polymer surface is useful for fabricating metallic patterns. The surfaces of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates were modified by ultraviolet ...(UV) light -irradiation and layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films, and then nickel and copper films were electrolessly deposited on the substrate surfaces to form the stratified structure, PEN-substrate/multilayer/metal-film. The chemical and physical properties of the modified layer in the substrate surfaces were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nanoindentation test, and measuring contact angle. The properties of the UV-irradiated surface layer depended on the condition of surface modification and affected the adhesion of the deposited metal film. Adhesive nickel films were deposited on the UV (254 nm)-irradiated PEN substrates that have thin modified layers compatible with the multilayers. In contrast, no adhesive nickel films were deposited on the substrate surfaces having thicker and fragile modified layers. These contrasting results are originated from the oxygenation and crosslinking of the polymer chains in the substrate surface layers, and reactive species formed by the UV irradiation induce the oxygenation and crosslinking. The properties of the modified substrate-surface play an important role for depositing adhesive metal films.
The surfaces of the polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates were modified by plasma treatment and then layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolyte ...multilayer thin films from two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Negatively or positively charged palladium complex ions bound to oppositely charged multilayer surfaces and were reduced to form palladium nanoparticles and then a nickel film was electrolessly deposited on the substrate surfaces. The multilayers on PEN and PET substrate surfaces are suitable for supporting palladium nanoparticle catalysts and their properties can be controlled by the conditions of LbL assembly.
Surface modification of PEN and PET substrates by plasma-treatment and LbL assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers and subsequent electroless nickel deposition.
First principle calculation of the QCD spectral functions (SPFs) based on the lattice QCD simulations is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the Bayesian inference theory and the Maximum Entropy ...Method (MEM), which is a useful tool to extract SPFs from the imaginary-time correlation functions numerically obtained by the Monte Carlo method. Three important aspects of MEM are (i) it does not require a priori assumptions or parametrizations of SPFs, (ii) for given data, a unique solution is obtained if it exists, and (iii) the statistical significance of the solution can be quantitatively analyzed.
The ability of MEM is explicitly demonstrated by using mock data as well as lattice QCD data. When applied to lattice data, MEM correctly reproduces the low-energy resonances and shows the existence of high-energy continuum in hadronic correlation functions. This opens up various possibilities for studying hadronic properties in QCD beyond the conventional way of analyzing the lattice data. Future problems to be studied by MEM in lattice QCD are also summarized.
Background: The prognosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with lung cancer is poor. However, some cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis from lung cancer harboring specific gene alterations have ...responded to molecular targeted drugs. B-Raf protooncogene (BRAF) mutations occur in about 2-4% of NSCLCs, with about half of these cases having the BRAF V600E mutation. Concomitant inhibition of BRAF with dabrafenib and inhibition of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase with trametinib showed efficacy in NSCLC patients with the BRAF V600E mutation. Herein, we report a patient with peritoneal carcinomatosis from lung cancer with the BRAF V600E mutation who responded to dabrafenib plus trametinib. Case Presentation: A 67-year-old Japanese male never-smoker was diagnosed with stage IA3 lung adenocarcinoma. He underwent thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy but developed recurrence of the cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis 33 months after the operation. An Oncomine Dx target test of the resected specimen was positive for the BRAF V600E mutation. He was started on dabrafenib 150 mg twice per day and trametinib 2 mg once per day. He had a good clinical response to dabrafenib/trametinib therapy with resolution of abdominal distention. He continued dabrafenib/trametinib treatment without disease progression for 7 months, with no severe adverse effects. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of assessing genetic alterations in lung cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and treating them with appropriate molecular targeted drugs. Keywords: BRAF V600E mutation, dabrafenib, lung cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis, trametinib
The "ivy" sign that is identified on FLAIR images in patients with Moyamoya disease is considered to be leptomeningeal collaterals. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between ...postoperative decrease in ivy sign and cerebral hemodynamic status in the bypass-established hemisphere.
Twenty-two patients with Moyamoya disease were enrolled. Postoperative changes in the ivy sign on FLAIR images were examined in each patient after bypass surgery. The correlation between postoperative changes in the ivy sign and hemodynamic status was examined in 10 patients by using SPECT.
Of the 22 preoperative ivy-positive patients, 21 showed decreased ivy signs on the operative side. Average intervals between the operation day and the date when the decreased or vanished ivy sign was first recognized were 157.6 days in patients who underwent direct bypass and 212.2 days in patients who underwent indirect bypass. A postoperative decrease in ivy signs was found to be significantly correlated with an improved hemodynamic status of the surgically treated hemisphere, resulting in a postoperative increase in regional vascular reserve and a decreased proportion of the misery perfusion area (P < .01).
Postoperative changes in the ivy sign can be used as a marker for identifying improved hemodynamics and also for testing the effectiveness of cerebral revascularization.
We extract the spectral functions in the scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector, and axial-vector channels above the deconfinement phase transition temperature (
T
c
) using the maximum entropy method (MEM). ...We use anisotropic lattices, 32
3 × 32, 40, 54, 72, 80, and 96 (corresponding to
T = 2.3
T
c
→ 0.8T
c
), with the renormalized anisotropy Σ = 4.0 to have enough temporal data points to carry out the MEM analysis. Our results suggests that the spectral functions continue to possess non-trivial structures even above
T
c
and in addition that there is a qualitative change in the state of the deconfined matter between 1.5
T
c
and 2
T
c
.
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