Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Nagaya, Tadanobu; Nakamura, Yu A; Choyke, Peter L ...
Frontiers in oncology,
12/2017, Letnik:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Surgical resection of cancer remains an important treatment modality. Despite advances in preoperative imaging, surgery itself is primarily guided by the surgeon's ability to locate pathology with ...conventional white light imaging. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) can be used to define tumor location and margins during the procedure. Intraoperative visualization of tumors may not only allow more complete resections but also improve safety by avoiding unnecessary damage to normal tissue which can also reduce operative time and decrease the need for second-look surgeries. A number of new FGS imaging probes have recently been developed, complementing a small but useful number of existing probes. In this review, we describe current and new fluorescent probes that may assist FGS.
We evaluated a handling method using tunnels to tame laboratory mice (ICR) in the context of animal welfare and ease of handling. During 1-week acclimation to handling and subsequent 1-week oral ...administration (once per day), voluntary interaction with the experimenter was much greater in mice handled by a tunnel compared to those picked up by the tail. According to a rating of the ease of handling laboratory mice, a tunnel facilitated mouse handling during acclimation to handling and oral gavage of saline compared to tail handling. In addition, mice handled by a tunnel showed less anxiety than mice handled by the tail in the open field test, but not in elevated plus maze. Calculation of experimental variation in behavioral tests, which were used to mimic pharmacological studies, suggested that mice handled by a tunnel exhibited the tendency of less variation compared to those picked up by the tail, in both groups that were intraperitoneally administered saline as placebo and diazepam as an active drug. Thus, tunnel use could be beneficial for improving animal welfare and facilitated handling of ICR mice in mouse studies.
A facile synthetic method for preparing 3-amino-2-silylaryl triflates via regioselective silylamination of 3-(triflyloxy)arynes with N-silylamines is described. Fluoride-mediated generation of ...3-aminobenzyne from 3-amino-2-silylphenyl triflate, easily prepared by this method, in the presence of various arynophiles efficiently afforded diverse aniline derivatives, including a 5-aminocoumarin derivative, demonstrating the utility of aryne relay approach.
The synthetic utility of 3-thioaryne intermediates has been demonstrated through an aryne relay approach. The efficient synthesis of o-silylaryl triflate-type 3-thioaryne precursors has been achieved ...by the regioselective silylthiolation of 3-(triflyloxy)arynes with silyl sulfides. Various 3-thioarynes were successfully generated from these precursors and reacted with various arynophiles to afford diverse multisubstituted aryl sulfides. Further derivatizations of the products enabled easy access to the novel sulfur-containing π-extended heterocycles, which demonstrates the utility of this method.
Objective
We examined whether androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR‐V7) in circulating tumor cell(CTC)clusters can be used to predict survival in patients with bone metastatic castration ...resistant‐prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 98 patients with CRPC on abiraterone or enzalutamide, and investigated the prognostic value of CTC cluster detection (+ v −) and AR‐V7 detection (+ v −) using a CTC cluster detection − based AR‐V7 mRNA assay. We examined ≤50% prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) responses, PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), clinical and radiological progression‐free survival (radiologic PSF), and overall survival (OS). We then assessed whether AR‐V7 expression in CTC clusters identified after On‐chip multi‐imaging flow cytometry was related to disease progression and survival after first‐line systemic therapy.
Results
All abiraterone‐treated or enzalutamide‐treated patients received prior docetaxel. The median follow‐up was 20.7 (range: 3.0‐37.0) months in the abiraterone and enzalutamide cohorts, respectively. Forty‐nine of the 98 men (50.0%) were CTC cluster (−), 23 of the 98 men (23.5%) were CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(−), and 26 of the 98 men (26.5%) were CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(+). CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(+) patients were more likely to have EOD ≥3 at diagnosis (P = 0.003), pain (P = 0.023), higher alkaline phosphatase levels (P < 0.001), and visceral metastases (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, pretherapy CTC cluster(+), CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(−), and ALP >UNL were independently associated with a poor PSA‐PFS, radiographic PFS, and OS in abiraterone‐treated patients and enzalutamide‐treated patients.
Conclusion
The CTC clusters and AR‐V7‐positive CTC clusters detected were important for assessing the response to abiraterone or enzalutamide therapy and for predicting disease outcome.
•Quantitative and Structural estimation of proanthocyanidins of Japanese apricot fruit.•Rapid increase in PA concentration of endocarp after stone-hardening-stage.•Endocarp PA level of mature fruit ...was approx. 14 times higher than that of flesh.•Presence of 13 kinds of PA oligomers with A-type / B-type linkage in the fruit.
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) contribute to the quality factors and health benefits of several Rosaceae fruits. Ume, also known as Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. Et. Zucc), is one of the most popular fruit trees grown in Japan, and its processed products are employed as a folk remedy in eastern Asian countries. However, the information available regarding the PAs present in the fruit remains limited. In this study, we analyzed the PAs and phenolic acid derivatives present in the fruit of ‘Nnanko,’ the most common cultivar, and found that the flesh tissue of the mature fruit contained levels of PAs similar to those of the hydroxycinnamic acids. The concentration of PAs in the endocarp tissue of the mature fruit was approximately 14 times higher than that of the flesh tissue. We also estimated the chemical structures of the PAs from the flesh and the endocarp by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Although 13 kinds of PAs, including 2 monomers, 4 B-type dimers, 3 A-type dimers, 2 B-type trimers, 1 A-type trimer, and 1 B-type tetramer were detected in the flesh, only 2 monomers, 1 B-type dimer, and 2 A-type dimers were detected in the endocarp. All PAs detected in the endocarp were also present in the flesh.
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a molecularly targeted cancer phototherapy that is based on injecting a conjugate of a silicon‐phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye 700DX (IR700), and a ...monoclonal antibody that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light results in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death of targeted cancer cells. Because many cancers grow in bones through which light does not penetrate well, the goal of this study was to determine if NIR‐PIT can effectively treat cancers in bone. A bovine rib was used as a bone sample. Because the sample’s NIR light transmittance was shown to be approximately 4.52% in preliminary tests, it was hypothesized that a maximum radiation dosage of 128 and 1500 J/cm2 would be sufficient to induce cell death in in vitro target cells and in vivo mouse tumor models, respectively. Cell viability was measured through bioluminescence studies comparing relative luciferase activity, as well as a cytotoxicity assay. In the in vitro model, tumor cell viability was significantly decreased after 64 and 128 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone. An in vivo mouse tumor model also showed that 1500 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone significantly reduced tumor viability at both 24 and 48 hours posttreatment compared to the control group (P = .026 and .040 respectively). Therefore, despite limitations in light transmission, NIR‐PIT nevertheless is capable of effectively treating cancers within bone.
Tumors were successfully treated through a bovine bone sample.
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