We reexamine the relaxation process of a single spin embedded in an elastic medium, a problem studied recently by Garanin and Chudnovsky (GC) Phys. Rev. B 92, 024421 (2015) from the viewpoint of ...angular-momentum transfer. Using Noether's theorem, we identify two distinct angular momenta of the medium, one Newtonian discussed by GC and the other field-theoretical, both of which consist of an orbital part and a spin part. For both angular momenta, we found that the orbital part is as essential as the spin part in the relaxation process. In particular, the angular-momentum transfer from the (real) spin to the Newtonian orbital part may be considered as an incipient rotation that leads to the Einstein–de Haas effect.
A microscopic calculation is presented for the spin-transfer torques (STTs) and damping torques in metallic antiferromagnets (AFs). It is found that the sign of the STT is opposite to that in ...ferromagnets (FMs) because of the AF transport character, and the current-to-STT conversion factor is enhanced near the AF gap edge. The dissipative torque parameter βn and the damping parameter αn for the Néel vector arise from spin relaxation of electrons. Physical consequences are demonstrated for the AF domain wall motion using collective coordinates, and some similarities to the FM case are pointed out such as intrinsic pinning and the specialty of αn = βn. A recent experiment on a ferrimagnetic GdFeCo near its angular-momentum compensation temperature is discussed.
Motivated by a recent experiment on manganese oxide thin films, we theoretically study the topological Hall effect in a weakly canted antiferromagnet with textured Néel (n) and uniform (l) components ...of magnetization. Treating the Néel texture by a spin gauge field and the uniform component perturbatively, we obtain an analytical expression for the topological Hall conductivity. The result is proportional to the emergent magnetic field, ∇×AAF, where AAF,i=l·(∂in×n) is an emergent vector potential in antiferromagnets, which consists of the spin-chirality density, l̂·(∂xl̂×∂yl̂), formed by the normalized uniform moment l̂=l/|l|, and one formed by the Néel and uniform components in the presence of spatial variation of canting. The result is discussed in comparison with the previous study on ferromagnets in the weak-coupling regime.
In 2005, the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act (the MTS Act) was enacted in Japan to hospitalize the criminally insane and to promote a self-supporting lifestyle after deinstitutionalization. As ...of October 2011, about 500 patients remain hospitalized in highly secure forensic hospitals. The increased prevalence of the combination of criminal insanity with alcohol or volatile organic solvents dependence is a serious issue, as it may be an obstacle for treatment and rehabilitation after discharge because alcohol or the paint thinner can be easily purchased everywhere. On the other hand, as presented at EPA meeting in 2011, we established a strategy that can maintain patients in a well-adjusted condition in the community through comprehensive and supportive activities by a multidisciplinary team comprising staff members of the hospital, the public health center, and other local municipal officials. This strategy named as maintaining involvement is performed inside the hospital first and then in the community after discharge and, consequently, patients can live in the community without treatment interruption or repetition of similar criminal acts. Therefore, we used this strategy for the patients with drug dependence because they are often deteriorated by treatment interruption. The aim of this treatment is that patients can maintain the insight into drug dependence. As a result, patients who have been successfully de-institutionalized lead a self-supporting lifestyle without treatment interruption or symptoms of drug dependence. We believe that maintaining involvement is an effective method for the treatment of the criminally insane with drug dependence.
In 2005, the Medical Treatment and Supervision (MTS) Act was enacted in Japan to hospitalize the criminally insane and to promote a self-supporting lifestyle after deinstitutionalization. As of ...October 2010, 490 patients remain hospitalized in 23 highly secure forensic hospitals. Most patients are diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and exhibit symptoms of drug resistance. Battering is the most common criminal act they have committed. The increased prevalence of the combination of criminal insanity with drug dependence is a common problem in other countries as well. It is a serious problem that diversity in prison medical care has not been achieved. A characteristic feature of care for criminally insane patients in Japan is that they must live in a residential district where a public health center is located and close to forensic hospitals after deinstitutionalization. Although there may be concerns about social prejudice against psychiatric disorders, this limited area would help support rehabilitation of patients because medical staff can easily know the whereabouts, psychiatric condition and aspects, of daily life for each patient through frequent reports obtained from home-visiting nurses. As a result, patients who have been successfully deinstitutionalized lead a self-supporting lifestyle without treatment interruption or repetition of similar criminal acts. In this presentation, we will show the current status of forensic care in Japan, analyze its characteristics and problems described above, and make suggestions for the treatment of the criminally insane in countries with a small national land area such as Japan.
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