This study was undertaken to isolate ligninase-producing white-rot fungi for use in the extraction of fibre from pineapple leaf agriwaste. Fifteen fungal strains were isolated from dead tree trunks ...and leaf litter. Ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase (Lac)), were produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using pineapple leaves as the substrate. Of the isolated strains, the one showing maximum production of ligninolytic enzymes was identified to be Ganoderma lucidum by 18S ribotyping. Single parameter optimization and response surface methodology of different process variables were carried out for enzyme production. Incubation period, agitation, and Tween-80 were identified to be the most significant variables through Plackett-Burman design. These variables were further optimized by Box-Behnken design. The overall maximum yield of ligninolytic enzymes was achieved by experimental analysis under these optimal conditions. Quantitative lignin analysis of pineapple leaves by Klason lignin method showed significant degradation of lignin by Ganoderma lucidum under SSF.
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An Introduction to Ethical, Safety and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the biggest technologies that have revolutionized biology since the early ...20th century, also discussing their impact on society. The book focuses on issues related to bioethics, biosafety and intellectual property rights, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner for graduate students and early career researchers interested in the opportunities and challenges associated with advances in biotechnology. Important topics covered include the Human Genome Project, human cloning, rDNA technology, the 3Rs and animal welfare, bioterrorism, human rights and genetic discrimination, good laboratory practices, good manufacturing practices, the protection of biological material and much more. Full of relevant case studies, practical examples, weblinks and resources for further reading, this book offers an essential and holistic look at the ways in which biotechnology has affected our global society. Provides a comprehensive look at the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnologyDiscusses the global efforts made to resolve issuesIncorporates numerous case studies to more clearly convey concepts and chart the development of guidelines and legislation regulating issues in biotechnologyTakes a straightforward approach to highlight and discuss both the benefits and risks associated with the latest biotechnologies
Kerala in south India grows several cash crops such as banana and pineapple, the crop residues of which are sources of natural fibres that can be used in hand papermaking. Kerala, however, does not ...have a tradition in hand papermaking. The following is an account of an attempt to popularize the art and craft of hand papermaking among self-help groups as a means of self-employment and waste utilization, using fibres extracted from agriwaste and local plants.
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One factor at a time approach was employed for the optimization of media components, physical factors and additional additives for lignin peroxidase (LiP) production under submerged fermentation by ...the endophytic fungus Endomelanconiopsis sp. The optimized conditions derived were: carbon source (dextrose 10 g/L), nitrogen source (ammonium tartarate 0.027 g/L), veratryl alcohol (1 mM), MnSO4 (0.5 g/L), inoculum concentration (3 mycelial plugs), pH (5), temperature (30 °C) and Tween 80 (1.5%). A 40 fold increase of enzyme activity was observed after the single parameter optimization. The lignin peroxidase (LiP) production to the level of 345.26 ± 0.52 IU/mL indicates that the fungus has the commercial potential for LiP.
This article contains data regarding optimization of laccase production under solid state fermentation by the basidiomycetes fungi Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1.The data was collected by varying one ...factor at a time and keeping other factors of the system constant. Influence of environmental factors (substrate type, temperature, inoculums size, substrate weight, substrate length, pH), nutritional factors (organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, carbon sources, surfactants) and elicitors added to media was examined through the laccase activity of the extract. Specific activity at every stage was also measured. The data presents an opportunity to compare the relative influential role of each of the contributing factors on laccase production and directly relates to our research article “Optimization of laccase production from M. palmivorus LA1 by Taguchi method of design of experiments” (Chenthamarakshan et al., 2017 1).
Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycete fungus that produces ligninase for the
modification of lignin. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) is a glycoprotein that acts
on the recalcitrant cell wall component lignin. ...In the present study, the
phylogenetic analysis of Ganoderma lucidum GD88 with the partial coding
sequence (cds) of other LiP isoforms was performed using MEGA6. After
determination of the open reading frame, the +3 frame nucleotide sequence was
converted to protein using the EMBOSS Transseq and the secondary structure
was predicted using the Chou and Fasman Secondary Structure Prediction server
(CFSSP). Protein modeling was also performed by SWISS-MODEL. The obtained
result shows that the lipH partial cds of Ganoderma lucidum GD88 is
homologous to the lipD gene of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The secondary
structure prediction result revealed that the percent content of the helix
(67) is higher than the percent contents of sheet (53.4) and turns (13.6).
According to the generated model, LiP H protein is a homodimer with chains A
and B. The heme acts as a ligand and plays a major role in structure
stabilization.
nema
Silica though nutritionally insignificant plays important role in plants. Most of the silica from absorbed water is precipitated and deposited inside or between plant cells to form ‘phytoliths’ which ...provide mechanical strength and aid in protection from physical, chemical and biological stresses of the plant. Phytoliths occur in numerous monocot and dicot plants. These amorphous silica bodies take various shapes and sizes depending on their intracellular or intercellular templates, that certain morphological forms are even specific to families or species. In the present study, paddy straw samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy to visualise silica deposition (phytoliths) on the surface followed by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis to determine the composition of the observed phytoliths. A protective coat of silica covering the entire surface of paddy straw, consisting of phytoliths of distinct shapes and sizes and diffused silica deposits, was observed. Phytoliths observed were morphologically different, some forms being exclusive to certain regions of paddy straw. Indiscrete deposits of silica were found between and around phytoliths. Elements like Fe, Al, K, Mg, Cu and Ca were detected in addition to Si, O and C in phytoliths indicating that phytolith deposition occurs as a part of the inherent mineral detoxification system in paddy. The surface silica deposits, being the first to encounter physical and biological stress factors, play the major role in resistance of the plant.
Fungal laccase has profound applications in different fields of biotechnology due to its broad specificity and high redox potential. Any successful application of the enzyme requires large scale ...production. As laccase production is highly dependent on medium components and cultural conditions, optimization of the same is essential for efficient product production.
Production of laccase by fungal strain Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1 under solid state fermentation was optimized by the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) methodology. An orthogonal array (L8) was designed using Qualitek-4 software to study the interactions and relative influence of the seven selected factors by one factor at a time approach. The optimum condition formulated was temperature (28 °C), pH (5), galactose (0.8%w/v), cupric sulphate (3 mM), inoculum concentration (number of mycelial agar pieces) (6Nos.) and substrate length (0.05 m). Overall yield increase of 17.6 fold was obtained after optimization. Statistical optimization leads to the elimination of an insignificant medium component ammonium dihydrogen phosphate from the process and contributes to a 1.06 fold increase in enzyme production. A final production of 667.4 ± 13 IU/mL laccase activity paves way for the application of this strain for industrial applications.
Study optimized lignin degrading laccases from Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1. This laccases can thus be used for further applications in different scales of production after analyzing the properties of the enzyme. Study also confirmed the use of taguchi method for optimizations of product production.
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