Plants in all terrestrial ecosystems form symbioses with endophytic fungi that inhabit their healthy tissues. How these foliar endophytes respond to wildfires has not been studied previously, but is ...important given the increasing frequency and intensity of severe wildfires in many ecosystems, and because endophytes can influence plant growth and responses to stress. The goal of this study was to examine effects of severe wildfires on endophyte communities in forest trees, with a focus on traditionally fire-dominated, montane ecosystems in the southwestern USA. We evaluated the abundance, diversity, and composition of endophytes in foliage of Juniperus deppeana (Cupressaceae) and Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) collected contemporaneously from areas affected by recent wildfire and paired areas not affected by recent fire. Study sites spanned four mountain ranges in central and southern Arizona. Our results revealed significant effects of fires on endophyte communities, including decreases in isolation frequency, increases in diversity, and shifts in community structure and taxonomic composition among endophytes of trees affected by recent fires. Responses to fire were similar in endophytes of each host in these fire-dominated ecosystems and reflect regional fire-return intervals, with endophytes after fire representing subsets of the regional mycoflora. Together, these findings contribute to an emerging perspective on the responses of diverse communities to severe fire, and highlight the importance of considering fire history when estimating endophyte diversity and community structure for focal biomes.
In hot deserts, plants cope with aridity, high temperatures, and nutrient-poor soils with morphological and biochemical adaptations that encompass intimate microbial symbioses. Whereas the root ...microbiomes of arid-land plants have received increasing attention, factors influencing assemblages of symbionts in aboveground tissues have not been evaluated for many woody plants that flourish in desert environments. We evaluated the diversity, host affiliations, and distributions of endophytic fungi associated with photosynthetic tissues of desert trees and shrubs, focusing on nonsucculent woody plants in the species-rich Sonoran Desert. To inform our strength of inference, we evaluated the effects of two different nutrient media, incubation temperatures, and collection seasons on the apparent structure of endophyte assemblages. Analysis of>22,000 tissue segments revealed that endophytes were isolated four times more frequently from photosynthetic stems than leaves. Isolation frequency was lower than expected given the latitude of the study region and varied among species a function of sampling site and abiotic factors. However, endophytes were very species-rich and phylogenetically diverse, consistent with less arid sites of a similar latitudinal position. Community composition differed among host species, but not as a function of tissue type, sampling site, sampling month, or exposure. Estimates of abundance, diversity, and composition were not influenced by isolation medium or incubation temperature. Phylogenetic analyses of the most commonly isolated genus (Preussia) revealed multiple evolutionary origins of desert-plant endophytism and little phylogenetic structure with regard to seasonality, tissue preference, or optimal temperatures and nutrients for growth in vitro. Together, these results provide insight into endophytic symbioses in desert-plant communities and and be used to optimize strategies for capturing endophyte biodiversity at regional scales.
Summary
A large recurrent scalp tumour was excised. The exposed skull bones on the left side were covered successfully by using a large trapezius myocutaneous flap with a good result.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Two cases of median cleft of upper lip are being documented. Out of these one of them had a big meningocele in the palatal defect, which is a very very rare abnormality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Plants release allelopathy compounds that can inhibit the growth of other plants so that it has the potential as a vegetable herbicide. One of the allelopathy characters that can be used in ...determining the criteria as a basis for plant biocides is allelopathy that specifically inhibits the growth of target and non-target plants. The source of allelopathy used in this study was goat weed (A. conyzoides) using N-hexane on the growth of thorn spinach (A. spinosus). The research has been carried out at Weed Laboratory, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. Further analysis and test activities were carried out at the Laboratory of Agriculture and Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The first factor was the type of sub-fraction of weed extract consisting of 4 levels: control, sub-fraction A, sub-fraction B and sub-fraction C, and the second factor is the extract of goat weed consisting of 3 levels: 5%, 10% and 15%. The results showed that the use of various types of A. conyzoides extracts with various levels significantly affected the stem diameter; shoot dry weight and root dry weight of A. spinous on 7 DAT (days after treatment) up to 28 DAT. Sub-fraction types A and B can inhibit the growth of A. spinous.A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
We report the existence of a Griffiths-like phase over a wide range of x due to the formation of nanosize ferromagnetic clusters in La0.6Sr0.4Mn1–x Co x O3, the solid solution of ferromagnetic ...La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3, from the magnetization measurements. In the studied compound, this phase arises due to the quenching of randomly distributed Co–O–Mn antiferromagnetic bonds in the ferromagnetic background. In contrary to the divalent alkaline-earth-doped manganites, the Griffiths-like phase in La0.6Sr0.4Mn1–x Co x O3 can exist entirely in the metallic state above T C (for x < 0.10). Based on the present study, a magnetoelectronic phase diagram is drawn.
The corrosion inhibitive action of a few benzimidazole derivatives namely 2-(benzamido) ethylbenzimidazole (BAEBI), 2-(
β
-benzenesulphonamido) ethylbenzimidazole (BSAEBI), 2-(benzamido) ...methylbenzimidazole (BAMBI) and 2-(
β
-benzenesulphonamido) methylbenzimidazole (BSAMBI), towards mild steel in hydrochloric acid has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) methods. The results show that these compounds get adsorbed on the mild steel surface following Temkin adsorption isotherm, and act as mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition efficiencies are found to follow the order, BAEBI > BSAEBI > BAMBI > BSAMBI. This observation is explained in terms of chain length, relative effects of amido and sulphonamido groups, possible structural factors, spatial orientations, energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, different intrinsic molecular parameters, like, global hardness and softness, and number of electrons transferred.
Graphical Abstract
Corrosion inhibition property of four different benzamido and benzenesulphonamido derivatives of methylbenzimidazole and ethylbenzimidazole for mild steel in HCl depends on various molecular parameters, including chain length, substituent group, spatial orientation, energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, global hardness, softness, and number of electron transferred.
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