The elliptic, v2, triangular, v3, and quadrangular, v4, azimuthal anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles, pions, and (anti-)protons in Pb–Pb collisions at ...sNN=2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the pseudo-rapidity range |η|<0.8 at different collision centralities and as a function of transverse momentum, pT, out to pT=20 GeV/c. The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on transverse momentum for pT>8 GeV/c. The small pT dependence of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow fluctuations up to pT=8 GeV/c. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least pT=8 GeV/c indicating that the particle type dependence persists out to high pT.
Recent studies, mainly in animals, have shown that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in the upper brainstem has extensive connections with several motor centres in the CNS. This structure has also ...been implicated in the akinesia seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Here we demonstrate that microinjection of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor A antagonist substance, bicuculline, into the PPN of non‐human primates (n = 2) rendered parkinsonian with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) results in significant improvement of akinesia. The effect of bicuculline microinjection in the PPN matches that of oral administration of l‐dopa. This finding opens up new possibilities in the management of akinesia, the most intractable symptom of advanced Parkinson’s disease.
A
bstract
The elliptic flow coefficient (
v
2
) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at
s
N
N
=
2.76
TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results ...were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Δ
η
|
>
0
.
9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The
v
2
is reported for
π
±
, K
±
, K
S
0
,
p
+
p
¯
,
ϕ
,
Λ
+
Λ
¯
,
Ξ
−
+
Ξ
¯
+
and
Ω
−
+
Ω
¯
+
in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (
p
T
) region,
p
T
<
3 GeV/
c
,
v
2
(
p
T
) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for
π
±
and the combined K
±
and K
S
0
results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the
v
2
(
p
T
) for
p
+
p
¯
,
ϕ
,
Λ
+
Λ
¯
and
Ξ
−
+
Ξ
¯
+
. For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/
c
, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of ±20% for
p
T
>
3 GeV/
c
.
A
bstract
The
p
T
-differential production cross section of prompt
Λ
c
+
charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at
s
=
7
TeV and in ...p-Pb collisions at
s
N
N
=
5.02
TeV at midrapidity. The
Λ
c
+
and
Λ
¯
c
¯
were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes
Λ
c
+
→ pK
−
π
+
,
Λ
c
+
→ pK
S
0
and in the semileptonic channel
Λ
c
+
→ e
+
ν
e
Λ
(and charge conjugates). The measured values of the
Λ
c
+
/D
0
ratio, which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity and
p
T
intervals, where the
Λ
c
+
production process may differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the
Λ
c
+
nuclear modification factor,
R
pPb
, is also presented. The
R
pPb
is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm quark interactions with a deconfined medium.
Radiotherapy is an indispensable part of the multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer (BC). Due to the potential for serious side effects from ionizing radiation in the treatment of breast ...cancer, which can adversely affect the patient's quality of life, the radiation dose is often limited. This limitation can result in an incomplete eradication of tumors.
In this study, biomimetic copper single-atom catalysts (platelet cell membrane camouflaging, PC) were synthesized with the aim of improving the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy for BC. Following guidance to the tumor site facilitated by the platelet cell membrane coating, PC releases a copper single-atom nanozyme (SAzyme). This SAzyme enhances therapeutic effects by generating reactive oxygen species from H
O
and concurrently inhibiting the self-repair mechanisms of cancer cells through the consumption of intracellular glutathione (GSH) within the tumor microenvironment. PC-augmented radiotherapy induces immunogenic cell death, which triggers an immune response to eradicate tumors.
With the excellent biocompatibility, PC exhibited precise tumor-targeting capabilities. Furthermore, when employed in conjunction with radiotherapy, PC showed impressive tumor elimination results through immunological activation. Remarkably, the tumor suppression rate achieved with PC-enhanced radiotherapy reached an impressive 93.6%.
Therefore, PC presents an innovative approach for designing radiosensitizers with tumor-specific targeting capabilities, aiming to enhance the therapeutic impact of radiotherapy on BC.
Robust processes to fabricate densely packed high-aspect-ratio (HAR) vertical semiconductor nanostructures are important for applications in microelectronics, energy storage and conversion. One of ...the main challenges in manufacturing these nanostructures is pattern collapse, which is the damage induced by capillary forces from numerous solution-based processes used during their fabrication. Here, using an array of vertical silicon (Si) nanopillars as test structures, we demonstrate that pattern collapse can be greatly reduced by a solution-phase deposition method to coat the nanopillars with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). As the main cause for pattern collapse is strong adhesion between the nanopillars, we systematically evaluated SAMs with different surface energy components and identified H-bonding between the surfaces to have the largest contribution to the adhesion. The advantage of the solution-phase deposition method is that it can be implemented before any drying step, which causes patterns to collapse. Moreover, after drying, these SAMs can be easily removed using a gentle air-plasma treatment right before the next fabrication step, leaving a clean nanopillar surface behind. Therefore, our approach provides a facile and effective method to prevent the drying-induced pattern collapse in micro- and nanofabrication processes.
A measurement of the production of prompt Λ$_c^+$ baryons in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The Λ$_c^+$ and $\bar{Λ}_c^-$ were ...reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) via the hadronic decay channel Λ$_c^+$ →pK$_S^0$ (and charge conjugate) in the transverse momentum and centrality intervals 6 < pT < 12 GeV/c and 0–80%. The Λ$_c^+$/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the charm quark hadronisation mechanisms in the medium, is measured and found to be larger than the ratio measured in minimum-bias pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV. In particular, the values in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions differ by about two standard deviations of the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties in the common pT interval covered by the measurements in the two collision systems. The Λ$_c^+$/D0 ratio is also compared with model calculations including different implementations of charm quark hadronisation. The measured ratio is reproduced by models implementing a pure coalescence scenario, while adding a fragmentation contribution leads to an underestimation. The Λ$_c^+$ nuclear modification factor, RAA, is also presented. The measured values of the RAA of Λ$_c^+$/D$_s^+$ , and non-strange D mesons are compatible within the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. They show, however, a hint of a hierarchy (R$^{D^0}_{AA}$ < R$^{D^+_s}_{AA}$ < R$^{Λ_c^+}_{AA}$), conceivable with a contribution from coalescence mechanisms to charm hadron formation in the medium.
The prevalence and pathology of CTVT were studied for two years in Calcutta metropolis. Out of a total 48 cases, the incidence of autoregression was more common in male (14.6%) than in female (2.16%) ...and metastasis in female (6.25%) only. The metastasis in mammary gland, periuterine broad ligament and heart was first identified. The pathomorpological changes featured a lympho-reticular cell sarcoma with varying degrees of malignancy
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