The objective of current study was to look at the variable expression of antioxidant enzymes in wheat genotypes exposed to various water stress regimes. Further the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were ...measured as an indicative of membrane integrity. Tolerance indices were calculated which reinforce in distinguishing tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The experimental material consisted of thirteen genotypes obtained from different sources. Stress was imposed by withholding irrigation at three different growth stages of plant, i.e. tillering, anthesis and grain filling. Four resistance indices include stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP) and tolerance index (TOL) was calculated on the basis of grain yield. Water stress treatments had no significant effect on CAT activity. CIM-47, CIM-49 and NR-234 showed minimum MDA content with increased POX activity under three different irrigation conditions and are therefore considered as tolerant genotypes. Higher levels of MDA with decline activity of POX was found in CIM-51, DD-4 and NR-230 led to suggest them as susceptible genotypes. The variable response of genotypes in tolerance could be related to differences in antioxidant enzyme levels. Significant positive correlation was found between SSI and TOL values whereas negative and significant association was noted between SSI and YSI. Significant and negative correlation was observed between YSI and TOL values. These traits are recognized as beneficial water stress tolerance indicators for selecting a stress tolerant variety. The most outstanding tolerance capacity in terms of susceptibility indices was detected in CIM-47 and CIM-50 under all water stresses. They indicated lowest SSI, TOL and MP with high YSI values. It may, therefore, be concluded that these genotypes have the potential of stress tolerance.
In a series of paradigmatic readings of René Girard, Peter Sloterdijk, Michael Haneke, Anselm Kiefer, Michel Houellebecq, Elfriede Jelinek, Giorgio Agamben, Naqvi examines the current fascination ...with victimhood and the desire for victim status.
In this study, we report clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infection in a large cohort of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and compare these outcomes to a propensity score matched cohort of people ...without CF.
Analysis of a multicenter research network TriNETX was performed including patients more than 16 years of age diagnosed with COVID-19. Outcomes in COVID-19 positive pwCF were compared with a propensity-matched cohort of people without CF.
A total of 507,810 patients with COVID-19 were included (422 patients, 0.08% with CF; 507,388 patients, 99.92% without CF. Mean age at COVID-19 diagnosis in CF cohort was 46.6 ± 19.3 years, with female predominance (n = 225, 53.32%). Majority of the participants were Caucasian (n = 309, 73.22%). In the crude, unmatched analysis, mortality, hospitalization, critical care need, mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury and composite (combination of intubation and mortality) outcome at 30 days was higher in the pwCF. Following robust propensity matching, pwCF had higher hospitalization rate (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20–2.04), critical care need (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.13–2.79), and acute renal injury (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07–2.39) as compared to patients without CF.
People with CF are at risk of poor outcomes with COVID-19.5.2% of these patients died within one month of COVID-19 diagnosis, and more than one in 10 patients required critical care. Therefore, the relatively young median age of cystic fibrosis patients, and lower prevalence of obesity do not protect these patients from severe disease contrary to prior reports.
In this report, we describe the first kidney retransplantation performed after anti–programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)–related allograft rejection. In 2014, we administered pembrolizumab (anti–PD‐1) for ...~9 months to a 57‐year‐old kidney transplant recipient with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The patient experienced both a complete antitumor response and T cell–mediated allograft rejection requiring reinitiation of hemodialysis. Four‐and‐a‐half years after initiating pembrolizumab, the patient remained without evidence of CSCC relapse and received a kidney transplant from a living‐unrelated donor. Ten‐and‐a‐half months after kidney retransplantation, the allograft is functioning well and the patient's CSCC remains in remission. This case illustrates the potential for PD‐1 blockade to bring about durable immune‐mediated tumor control in chronically immunosuppressed patients, and begins to address the feasibility of kidney retransplantation in patients who have previously received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer. Results from this and future cases may help elucidate mechanisms of antitumor immunity and allograft tolerance, and inform updates to transplant decision models. Our report also underscores the need for clinical trials testing novel immunotherapy combinations in solid organ transplant recipients designed to uncouple antitumor and anti‐allograft immunity.
A patient who underwent kidney retransplantation after experiencing allograft loss following cancer immunotherapy remains off dialysis and without evidence of cancer relapse almost a year later.
HIV‐positive donor to HIV‐positive recipient (HIV D+/R+) transplantation is permitted in the United States under the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act. To explore safety and the risk attributable to an ...HIV+ donor, we performed a prospective multicenter pilot study comparing HIV D+/R+ vs HIV‐negative donor to HIV+ recipient (HIV D−/R+) kidney transplantation (KT). From 3/2016 to 7/2019 at 14 centers, there were 75 HIV+ KTs: 25 D+ and 50 D− (22 recipients from D− with false positive HIV tests). Median follow‐up was 1.7 years. There were no deaths nor differences in 1‐year graft survival (91% D+ vs 92% D−, P = .9), 1‐year mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (63 mL/min D+ vs 57 mL/min D−, P = .31), HIV breakthrough (4% D+ vs 6% D−, P > .99), infectious hospitalizations (28% vs 26%, P = .85), or opportunistic infections (16% vs 12%, P = .72). One‐year rejection was higher for D+ recipients (50% vs 29%, HR: 1.83, 95% CI 0.84‐3.95, P = .13) but did not reach statistical significance; rejection was lower with lymphocyte‐depleting induction (21% vs 44%, HR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.21‐0.87, P = .03). In this multicenter pilot study directly comparing HIV D+/R+ with HIV D−/R+ KT, overall transplant and HIV outcomes were excellent; a trend toward higher rejection with D+ raises concerns that merit further investigation.
In this multicenter HOPE Act study of 75 HIV‐positive kidney transplant recipients, patient survival, graft survival, and HIV‐related complications are similar between those receiving kidneys from HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative deceased donors, but a trend toward higher rejection with HIV‐positive donors merits surveillance and careful tailoring of immunosuppression. See the editorial from Montero et al on page 1683.
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by infection with
is characterized by inflammatory pathology and poorly understood mechanisms of innate immunity. Pattern recognition receptors, expressed on the surface of ...macrophages, determine the balance of inflammatory and antimicrobial functions that influence disease outcome. Carbohydrate moieties displayed by mycobacteria can serve as pattern recognition receptor ligands for some members of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family, interactions that mediate a variety of incompletely understood immune outcomes. This work identifies a novel role for the CLR macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL)-1 in a mouse model (C57BL/6 and MGL-1
) of experimental TB. Murine macrophages upregulated MGL-1 following in vitro exposure to
whereas MGL
cells accumulated at sites of mycobacteria-driven inflammation in the lung. Pulmonary macrophages from MGL-1-deficient mice displayed increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) that were associated with greater lipid accumulation, following
infection. Surprisingly, for a CLR, we also observed MGL-1-dependent antimycobacterial activity as evidenced by greater
proliferation in bone marrow-derived macrophages, and the lung, of MGL-1-deficient mice. Differential transcriptome analysis further revealed that loss of MGL-1 perturbs the activation of various genes involved in the regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in the setting of
infection. These results identify MGL-1 signaling as an important mechanism that regulates innate immunity against
and indicates the potential for the MGL pathway as a novel therapeutic target for anti-TB immunity.
The first evidence for β-delayed proton emission from the 16+ spin gap isomer in 96Cd is presented. The data were obtained from the Rare Isotope Beam Factory, at the RIKEN Nishina Center, using the ...BigRIPS spectrometer and the EURICA decay station. βp branching ratios for the ground state and 16+ isomer have been extracted along with more precise lifetimes for these states and the lifetime for the ground state decay of 95Cd. Large scale shell model (LSSM) calculations have been performed and WKB estimates made for ℓ=0,2,4 proton emission from three resonance-like states in 96Ag, that are populated by the β decay of the isomer, and the results compared to the new data. The calculations suggest that ℓ=2 proton emission from the resonance states, which reside ∼5 MeV above the proton separation energy, dominates the proton decay. The results highlight the importance of core-excited wavefunction components for the 16+ state.
Liver transplant and simultaneous liver-kidney transplant are major surgeries performed on high-risk individuals with end-stage liver disease and end-stage renal disease. We sought to examine the ...relationship between pretransplant echocardiographic parameters and outcomes in our simultaneous liver-kidney transplant and liver transplant-alone populations.
In our retrospective analysis, we included adult patients who underwent index transplant from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015 at Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Transplant Center.
Our study included 312 patients, 266 who underwent liver transplant alone and 46 who underwent simultaneous liver-kidney transplant. Baseline population demographics were similar in both groups of patients. Primary diagnosis at transplant was similar in both groups except that patients undergoing liver transplant were more likely to have a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas those undergoing simultaneous liver-kidney transplant were more likely to have polycystic kidney disease. Within the liver transplant-alone group, the strongest demographic predictor of poor outcome was age at transplant. The strongest echocar diographic predictors were related to elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular systolic pressure.
In our investigation regarding whether the pretransplant cardiovascular evaluation predicted outcomes for patients undergoing liver transplant alone and patients undergoing simultaneous liver-kidney transplant, we found that elevations in right ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction may be associated with poor outcomes in the posttransplant period.
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