The COVID-19 pandemic was severely aggravated in Brazil due to its politicization by the country’s federal government. However, the impact of diffuse political forces on the fatality of an epidemic ...is notoriously difficult to quantify. Here we introduce a method to measure this effect in the Brazilian case, based on the inhomogeneous distribution throughout the national territory of political support for the federal government. This political support is quantified by the voting rates in the last general election in Brazil. This data is correlated with the fatality rates by COVID-19 in each Brazilian state as the number of deaths grows over time. We show that the correlation between fatality rate and political support grows as the government’s misinformation campaign is developed. This led to the dominance of such political factor for the pandemic impact in Brazil in 2021. Once this dominance is established, this correlation allows for an estimation of the total number of deaths due to political influence as 350±70 thousand up to the end of 2021, corresponding to (57±11)% of the total number of deaths.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
RESUMO Objetivo: Interpretar as vivências dos idosos dependentes de álcool. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida por meio dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria Fundamentada dos Dados ...na versão straussiana. Foi realizada em um município de pequeno porte da região centro-oeste paulista. A seleção foi por amostragem teórica, totalizando 25 participantes a partir de três grupos amostrais. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas entre março de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. Resultados: O fenômeno “Vivenciando a dependência de álcool na velhice”, está condicionado pela categoria “Iniciando o consumo de Álcool”, são ações/interações “Justificando o consumo de álcool” e “Enfrentando o tratamento e a abstinência do álcool” cujas consequências são “Experienciando os danos da dependência de álcool” e “Expressando sentimentos”. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que os idosos participantes consideram a dependência de álcool como forma de lidar com emoções negativas, e, nessa trajetória, experienciam consequências físicas, mentais e sociais. Os idosos em abstinência expressam sentimentos de solidão, arrependimento e desejo de uma vida com qualidade, e indicam que a mudança comportamental ocorre por meio do tratamento e conscientização de seus malefícios.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Interpretar las experiencias de las personas mayores dependientes del alcohol. Método: Investigación cualitativa desarrollada a través de los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos en su versión straussiana. Se llevó a cabo en un municipio de pequeño tamaño de la región centro-oeste del Estado de São Paulo. La selección fue por muestreo teórico, totalizando 25 participantes de tres grupos de muestra. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas se realizaron entre marzo de 2019 y enero de 2020. Resultados: El fenómeno “Experimentar la dependencia del alcohol en la vejez”, está condicionado por la categoría “Iniciar el consumo de alcohol”, son acciones/interacciones “Justificar el consumo de alcohol” y “Afrontar el tratamiento del alcohol y la abstinencia” cuyas consecuencias son “Experimentar el daño de la dependencia del alcohol” y “Expresar sentimientos”. Conclusión: Se evidenció que los participantes de edad avanzada consideran la dependencia del alcohol como una forma de lidiar con las emociones negativas y, en esta trayectoria, experimentan consecuencias físicas, mentales y sociales. Los ancianos en abstinencia expresan sentimientos de soledad, arrepentimiento y deseo de una vida con calidad, e indican que el cambio de comportamiento se produce gracias al tratamiento y a la conciencia de sus efectos nocivos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To interpret the experiences of alcohol-dependent elderly people. Method: Qualitative research developed through the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the Grounded Theory in the Straussian version. It was carried out in a small town in the mid-western region of the state of São Paulo. The selection was by theoretical sampling, totaling 25 participants from three sample groups. Semistructured interviews were conducted from March 2019 to January 2020. Results: The phenomenon “Experiencing alcohol dependence in old age”, is conditioned by the category “Initiating Alcohol Consumption”, are actions/interactions “Justifying alcohol consumption” and “Coping with alcohol treatment and abstinence” whose consequences are “Experiencing the harms of alcohol dependence” and “Expressing feelings”. Conclusion: It was evidenced that the elderly participants consider alcohol dependence as a way to deal with negative emotions, and, in this trajectory, they experience physical, mental, and social consequences. The elderly in abstinence express feelings of loneliness, regret, and desire for a life with quality, and indicate that behavioral change occurs through treatment and awareness of its harmful effects.
Pectins are complex heteropolysaccharides made up of a linear main chain of repeated units of galacturonic acid that can promote different biological activities. This work aimed to isolate and ...elucidate the chemical structure of a polysaccharide similar to pectin, obtained from C. erectus leaves. Furthermore, we evaluate the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential promoted by this macromolecule. The physical-chemical analyzes showed that the pectin obtained showed low degree of esterification and low molecular weight. In addition, it presented in its structure galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and arabinose. In antioxidant assays in vitro the pectin expressed high activity for the DPPH and ABTS methods. In addition, the pectin obtained was able to promote the growth of probiotic microorganisms in vitro. Immunological tests have shown that pectin was able to stimulate immune cells through the oxidative stress mechanism, promoting lymphocyte proliferation and activation TCD4+ and inhibit lymphocyte activation TCD8+ and stimulate its effector mechanisms through the production of cytokines and nitric oxide, mainly producing a pro-inflammatory immune response, without causing damage to cells. These results highlight the potential use of pectin extracted from C. erectus leaves as an antioxidant, prebiotic and immunomodulatory agent.
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•Pectic polysaccharide isolated from Conocarpus erectus leaves.•C. erectus pectin presents an important antioxidant potential in vitro.•C. erectus pectin is not toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.•Pectin stimulates the activation, proliferation of PBMCs and cytokine production.•Pectin stimulates a mostly pro-inflammatory response.
An \(\alpha\Omega\) dynamo, combining shear and cyclonic convection in the tachocline, is believed to generate the solar cycle. However, this model cannot explain cycles in fast rotators (with ...minimal shear) or in fully convective stars (no tachocline); analysis of such stars could therefore provide key insights into how these cycles work. We reexamine ASAS data for 15 M dwarfs, 11 of which are presumed fully convective; the addition of newer ASAS-SN data confirms cycles in roughly a dozen of them, while presenting new or revised rotation periods for five. The amplitudes and periods of these cycles follow \(A_{\rm cyc} \propto P_{\rm cyc}^{0.94 \pm 0.11}\), with \(P_{\rm cyc}/P_{\rm rot} \propto {\rm Ro}^{-1.02 \pm 0.06}\) (where Ro is the Rossby number), very similar to \(P_{\rm cyc}/P_{\rm rot} \propto {\rm Ro}^{-0.81 \pm 0.17}\) that we find for 40 previously studied FGK stars, although \(P_{\rm cyc}/P_{\rm rot}\) and \(\alpha\) are a factor of \(\sim\)20 smaller in the M stars. The very different \(P_{\rm cyc}/P_{\rm rot}\)-Ro relationship seen here compared to previous work suggests that two types of dynamo, with opposite Ro dependences, operate in cool stars. Initially, a (likely \(\alpha^2\) or \(\alpha^2\Omega\)) dynamo operates throughout the convective zone in mid-late M and fast rotating FGK stars, but once magnetic breaking decouples the core and convective envelope, a tachocline \(\alpha\Omega\) dynamo begins and eventually dominates in older FGK stars. A change in \(\alpha\) in the tachocline dynamo generates the fundamentally different \(P_{\rm cyc}/P_{\rm rot}\)-Ro relationship.
Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de enfermagem realizados ao paciente em hemodiálise. Método: revisão integrativa da produção científica brasileira sobre a temática do cuidado de enfermagem em ...hemodiálise produzido nos últimos dez anos, disponíveis na base de dados do Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior. Para a avaliação da informação os autores elaboraram um instrumento com três variáveis relacionadas a questão que norteia o estudo. Resultados: a amostra final foi constituída por 22 estudos. Identificou-se um total de sete temáticas: relacionamento interpessoal, educação em saúde, cuidado das subjetividades do paciente em hemodiálise, cuidado da ingesta, cuidado do aceso venoso, adaptação à hemodiálise e segurança do paciente respetivamente. Conclusão: ressalta-se a necessidade de um aprofundamento por parte de enfermagem no cuidado a partir das subjetividades que contextualizam ao paciente inserido em hemodiálise.
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a short-term exercise training (ET) on the cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation of women with breast cancer who were receiving ...adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormonotherapy. Eighteen women previously diagnosed with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy were randomly allocated into breast cancer nonexercise (BC) and exercise groups (BC+Ex). Moreover, nine healthy physically inactive volunteers were recruited to compose the noncancer control group (CG). The BC+Ex group was underwent to a combined ET program, which was based on resistance, aerobic and flexibility exercises. ET was performed 3 times a week, on nonconsecutive days, for 4 weeks at the hospital room under the professional supervision. In turn, BC and CG remained without be engaged in physical exercise programs. Volunteers were evaluated regarding their cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation (i.e., time, frequency domains, and nonlinear symbolic analysis) before and after the end of the ET program. A priori, data indicate that women patients with breast cancer showed impaired exercise tolerance, as well as autonomic dysfunction in comparison with age-matched healthy control subjects. However, a 1-month combined ET program could reverse such impairments, so that after the intervention, BC+Ex and CG showing similar results in the cardiorespiratory test and heart rate variability analysis. In conclusion, data of the current study indicate that 1 month of ET is able to reverse impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy.
Resumo: Introdução: O Brasil tem vivenciado um rápido processo de transição demográfica trazendo consigo novos desafios à saúde pública, dentre eles, a dependência de álcool entre idosos. Objetivo: ...analisar as evidências literárias sobre as ações de prevenção e intervenção para ao idoso dependente de álcool na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura realizada em 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, BDEnf, CUMED, IBECS, MedLine, SciELO, SCOPUS e Web of Science, a partir dos seguintes descritores: “Idoso”, “Álcool”, “Alcoolismo”, “Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool” e “Atenção Primária à Saúde”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais disponíveis on-line na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol e os de exclusão artigos de revisão bibliográfica, teses, dissertações e opinião de especialistas. Foram identificados um total de 1159 artigos, após exclusão por duplicidade, aplicação de critérios de exclusão e análise qualitativa, permaneceram seis artigos. Resultados: da análise dos dados obtidos foram estruturadas três categorias: Necessidade de triagem para consumo de álcool em pacientes idosos da APS, Eficácia de Intervenção Breve para consumo de álcool na APS e Barreiras para implementação de triagem para consumo de álcool e Intervenção Breve. Conclusões: a aplicação de estratégias de enfrentamento ao consumo de álcool aos pacientes idosos da APS possui custo benefício comprovado, porém não são amplamente realizadas, havendo mais barreiras do que facilitadores para sua implementação. Diante deste contexto, é necessário a realização de estudos objetivando avaliar a eficácia da triagem para consumo de álcool e Intervenção Breve em idosos devido a escassez de estudos em âmbito nacional.
The Solar Twin Planet Search dos Santos, Leonardo A.; Meléndez, Jorge; Nascimento, José-Dias do ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
2016, Letnik:
592
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context. It is still unclear how common the Sun is when compared to other similar stars in regards to some of its physical properties, such as rotation. Considering that gyrochronology relations are ...widely used today to estimate ages of stars in the main sequence, and that the Sun is used to calibrate it, it is crucial to assess whether these procedures are acceptable. Aims. We analyze the rotational velocities, limited by the unknown rotation axis inclination angle, of an unprecedented large sample of solar twins to study the rotational evolution of Sun-like stars, and assess whether the Sun is a typical rotator. Methods. We used high-resolution (R = 115 000) spectra obtained with the HARPS spectrograph and the 3.6 m telescope at La Silla Observatory. The projected rotational velocities for 81 solar twins were estimated by line profile fitting with synthetic spectra. Macroturbulence velocities were inferred from a prescription that accurately reflects their dependence with effective temperature and luminosity of the stars. Results. Our sample of solar twins include some spectroscopic binaries with enhanced rotational velocities, and we do not find any nonspectroscopic binaries with unusually high rotation velocities. We verified that the Sun does not have a peculiar rotation, but the solar twins exhibit rotational velocities that depart from the Skumanich relation. Conclusions. The Sun is a regular rotator when compared to solar twins with a similar age. Additionally, we obtain a rotational braking law that better describes the stars in our sample (v ∝ t-0.6) in contrast to previous, often-used scalings.
We report the discovery of a warm sub-Saturn, TOI-257b (HD 19916b), based on data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The transit signal was detected by TESS and confirmed to be ...of planetary origin based on radial velocity observations. An analysis of the TESS photometry, the MINERVA-Australis, FEROS, and HARPS radial velocities, and the asteroseismic data of the stellar oscillations reveals that TOI-257b has a mass of M(P) = 0.138 ± 0.023 M(J) (43.9 ± 7.3 Mꚛ), a radius of R(P) = 0.639 ± 0.013 R(J) (7.16 ± 0.15 Rꚛ), bulk density of 0.65 (+0.12,−0.11) (cgs), and period 18.38818 (+0.00085,−0.00084) days. TOI-257b orbits a bright (V = 7.612 mag) somewhat evolved late F-type star with M⁎ = 1.390 ± 0.046 M(sun), R⁎ = 1.888 ± 0.033 R(sun), T(eff) = 6075 ± 90 K, and 𝜈sin 𝑖 = 11.3 ± 0.5 km/s. Additionally, we find hints for a second non-transiting sub-Saturn mass planet on a ∼71 day orbit using the radial velocity data. This system joins the ranks of a small number of exoplanet host stars (∼100) that have been characterized with asteroseismology. Warm sub-Saturns are rare in the known sample of exoplanets, and thus the discovery of TOI-257b is important in the context of future work studying the formation and migration history of similar planetary systems.
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