Background: Pre-hospital care is crucial in supervising and handling urgent patients and medical crises. Emergency medical centers’ swifter response and heightened precision lead to time efficiency ...and alleviate the burden on hospital capacities. This research pinpoints the influential factors contributing to the enhancement of pre-hospital emergency time indicators at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this research, a qualitative methodology using the content analysis technique was adopted to explore and derive influential elements to enhance time-based metrics. Information was gathered via semi-structured interviews, involving 10 individuals, including authorities, academic personnel, technicians, and specialized physicians stationed within educational and medical institutions’ emergency units. These participants were selected via purposeful sampling. Following the categorization and interconnection of these categories, a conceptual framework was formulated. Results: A total of 14 overarching aspects, encompassing staff readiness, skilled workforce, human resource administration, infrastructure and institutional amenities, communication and information technology oversight, intelligence, impactful environmental elements, patient-linked variables, proficient scene management elements, adherence to national protocols, contextual factors, inter-organizational harmony and collaboration, noteworthy attributes of the receiving treatment center, and feasibility of catering to the vulnerable populace resulted in the identification of a total of 41 influential constituents. Conclusion: The research findings demonstrated that enhancements in base quantity, ambulance count, provisioning superior and top-tier equipment, augmenting staff numbers, designing enhanced training schemes for emergency medical services team members, and integrating contemporary technology and equipment could serve as viable resolutions for advancing time indicators.
Abstract Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a new population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in the oral cavity with potential capacities for tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. The ...purpose from this study was to determine effects of curcumin nanoparticle into phytosomal formulation (PC) on the relative expression of DSPP, VEGF-A, HLA-G5, VCAM1, RelA and STAT3 genes which are among the most important factors influencing processes of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative by DPSCs. After isolation and culture of DPSCs, these cells were characterized according to predetermined criteria including flow cytometric analysis for detection of the most important cell surface markers and also evaluation of multilineage differentiation potential. Then, the MTT method was employed to check the cell viability in treatment with different concentrations of PC. Following DPSCs' treatment with an optimal-non-toxic dose of this nanoparticle, quantification of expression of target genes was performed using real-time PCR procedure. According to results of immunophenotyping analysis and cell differentiation experiments, the isolated cells were confirmed as MSCs as more than 99% of them expressed specific mesenchymal markers while only about 0.5% of them were positive for hematopoietic marker. The real-time PCR results indicated that PC significantly reduced the expression of RelA, STAT3, VCAM1 and HLA-G5 genes up to many times over while optimally enhanced the expression of DSPP and VEGF-A genes, although this enhance was statistically significant only for VEGF-A (all P < 0.001). The study suggests that PC affects the sternness capabilities of DPSCs and it may facilitate the development of MSCs-based therapeutics in regenerative dentistry.
Abstract The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract (nHAEA) loaded with ...metronidazole (nHAEA@MTZ) was synthesized and evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro model of pulpitis. nHAEA was synthesized through sol–gel method and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. Inflammation in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) induced by LPS. A scratch test assessed cell migration, RT PCR measured cytokines levels, and Alizarin red staining quantified odontogenesis. The nHAEA nanorods were 17–23 nm wide and 93–146 nm length, with an average pore diameter of 27/312 nm, and a surface area of 210.89 m 2 /g. MTZ loading content with controlled release, suggesting suitability for therapeutic applications. nHAEA@MTZ did not affect the odontogenic abilities of HDPSCs more than nHAEA. However, it was observed that nHAEA@MTZ demonstrated a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. HDPSCs treated with nanoparticles exhibited improved migration compared to other groups. These findings demonstrated that nHAEA@MTZ could be an effective material for pulp capping and may be more effective than nHAEA in reducing inflammation and activating HDPSCs to enhance pulp repair after pulp damage.
Abstract Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a new type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in the oral cavity with immunomodulation and tissue regeneration capacities. This study determined the ...impacts of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) prepared through Elaeagnus Angustifolia extract (EAE) to enhance the relative expression of immunomodulatory/dentin-pulp regeneration genes in DPSCs. To produce nHA and modified nHA via EAE (nHAEA), the sol-gel technique was used. The functional groups of nanoparticles (NPs), morphological, and optical features were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cell viability was then determined using the MTT method in the presence of various EAE, nHA, and nHAEA concentrations. Target gene expression was quantified using a real-time PCR procedure after treating DPSCs with an optimally non-toxic dose of EAE and NPs. The presence of the HA phase was reported with the XRD and FTIR results. According to the results of SEM and TEM, the rod-like NPs could be fabricated. nHAEAs were found to be characterized with low crystallite size, reduced diameter, lengthier, needle-like, and less agglomerated particles compared with nHA. The real-time PCR results demonstrated that nHAEA remarkably increased the expression of human leukocyte antigen-G5 (HLA-G5), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and interleukin6 (IL6) genes compared to the nHA group. These findings suggest that nHAEAs might have the potential application in the stemness capability of DPSCs for the treatment of inflamed/damaged pulp.
Abstract
Purpose
The green synthesis of nanoparticles has recently opened up a new route in material production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) ...synthesized from
Elaeagnus angustifolia
(EA) extract in polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (PCL/nHAEA) to odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their potential applications for dentin tissue engineering.
Methods
Green synthesis of nHA via EA extract (nHAEA) was done by the sol–gel technique. Then electrospun nanocomposites containing of PCL blended with nHA (P/nHA) and nHAEA (P/nHAEA) were fabricated, and the characterization was evaluated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the contact angle. The morphology of nanofibers and the cell adhesion capacity of DPSCs on nanofibers were evaluated using SEM. Cytocompatibility was assessed by MTT. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation ability of the nanocomposites were assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique.
Results
Viability and adhesion capacity of DPSCs were higher on P/nHAEA nanofibers than PCL and P/nHA nanofibers. ARS assay, ALP activity, and qPCR analysis findings confirmed that the nHAEA blended nanofibrous scaffolds substantially increased osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Conclusion
PCL/nHAEA nanocomposites had a noticeable effect on the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and may help to improve cell-based dentin regeneration therapies in the future.
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have significant potential of immunomodulatory for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications compared to other mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ...Nowadays, alteration of gene expression is an important way to improve the performance of MSCs in the clinic. MicroRNAs (miRs) and CD200 are known to modulate the immune system in MSCs. Curcumin is famous for its anti‐inflammatory impacts. Phytosomal curcumin (PC) is a nanoparticle synthesized from curcumin that removes the drawbacks of curcumin. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of PC on the expression of the CD200 and four key miRNAs in immune system. PC (30 μM) treatment of hDPSCs could ameliorate their immunoregulatory property, presented by reduced expressions of miR‐21, miR‐155 and miR‐126, as well as enhanced expressions of miR‐23 and CD200. The PC was also able to reduce PI3K\AKT1\NF‐κB expressions that were target genes for these miRs and involved in inflammatory pathways. Moreover, PC was more effective than curcumin in improving the immune modulation of hDPSCs. Evidence in this study suggested that PC mediates immunoregulatory activities in hDPSC via miRs and CD200 to regulate PI3K\AKT1\NF‐κB signalling pathways, which may provide a theoretical basis for PC in the treatment of many diseases.
Significance of the study
Autoimmune diseases or tooth caries are partly attributed to global health problems and their common drug treatments have several side effects. The goal of this study is dentin regeneration and autoimmune diseases treatment via stem cell‐based approaches with phytosomal curcumin (PC), for the first time. Because dental pulp stem cells have unique advantages (including higher immunomodulatory capacity) over other mesenchymal stem cells, we considered them the best option for treating these diseases. Using PC, we try to increase the immunomodulatory properties of these cells.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human milk exosomes (HM-Exos) on the viability, migration, and inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed human dental pulp ...stem cells (HDPSCs) in vitro.
HM-Exos were isolated, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze their physical properties (size and shape). To construct an in vitro inflammation model, HDPSCs were exposed to LPS. The MTT test and migration assay were used to investigate the effect of HM-Exos on cell proliferation and migration, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression of inflammatory genes in HDPSCs. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-test.
DLS measurement revealed that HM-Exos were 116.8 ± 3.6 nm in diameter. The SEM and TEM images revealed spherical shapes with diameters of 97.2 ± 34.6 nm. According to the results of the cell viability assay, the nontoxic concentration of HM-Exos (200 µg/ml) was chosen for the subsequent investigations. The migration assay results showed that HM-Exos improved the potential of LPS-exposed HDPSCs to migrate. The qPCR results indicated that HM-Exos significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in HDPSCs after LPS stimulation.
HM-Exos increased LPS-exposed HDPSCs migration and proliferation and reduced gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. They may be a viable candidate for pulpitis therapy.
Background and Aim: Sciatic nerve injury is a common condition that can lead to significant functional deficits. Although current treatments are effective in reducing symptoms, more effective and ...safer treatments are still required. In this research, the effect of trans-anethole (TA) was investigated on improving the sciatic nerve function in a rat model. Methods and Materials/Patients: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Animals were subjected to deep anesthesia. Then, to create a model of the sciatic nerve, the right leg of the rats was compressed above the location of the trifurcation of the nerve. The control and negative groups received saline. Trans-anethole 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally into two groups of the sciatica model. Finally, muscle histological changes were evaluated. Results: The results indicated that the injection of TA improved motor recovery in rats. The highest recovery rate was related to the dose of 250 mg/kg. The morphometric analysis suggested that the number of fibers and the thickness of the myelin sheath were significantly higher in the group treated with TA compared with the control group. An increase in muscle mass and a decrease in muscle atrophy were observed in the groups treated with TA compared with the negative control group. Conclusion: These data showed that TA improves nerve damage and can be used as an option to improve inflammation-induced sciatica.
Missing or damaged teeth due to caries, genetic disorders, oral cancer, or infection may contribute to physical and mental impairment that reduces the quality of life. Despite major progress in ...dental tissue repair and those replacing missing teeth with prostheses, clinical treatments are not yet entirely satisfactory, as they do not regenerate tissues with natural teeth features. Therefore, much of the focus has centered on tissue engineering (TE) based on dental stem/progenitor cells to create bioengineered dental tissues. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the use of cells in regenerating sections of a tooth or a whole tooth. Tooth tissue engineering (TTE), as a promising method for dental tissue regeneration, can form durable biological substitutes for soft and mineralized dental tissues. The cell‐based TE approach, which directly seeds cells and bioactive components onto the biodegradable scaffolds, is currently the most potential method. Three essential components of this strategy are cells, scaffolds, and growth factors (GFs). This study investigates dentin regeneration after an injury such as caries using TE and stem/progenitor cell‐based strategies. We begin by discussing about the biological structure of a dentin and dentinogenesis. The engineering of teeth requires knowledge of the processes that underlie the growth of an organ or tissue. Then, the three fundamental requirements for dentin regeneration, namely cell sources, GFs, and scaffolds are covered in the current study, which may ultimately lead to new insights in this field.
Background
Human Dental pulp derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hDP-MSCs) have the capability of selfrenewal, multipotency, as well as immunosuppressive properties. They are ideal candidates for ...regenerating damaged dental tissue and treating inflammation-related diseases. However, methods (such as genetic variation) to improve the immunomodulatory and regenerative efficiency of MSCs in different diseases still need to be developed. Curcumin (CUR) is known for its broad applications in regenerative medicine and the treatment of inflammatory disorders via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of CUR on the immunomodulatory and regenerative function of hDP-MSCs and whether treating these cells with CUR can improve therapeutic efficacy.
Methods and Results
hDP-MSCs were isolated from dental pulp and then treated with CUR. Cell viability rate was observed in hDP-MSCs after treatment of CUR by MTT assay. Real-time quantitative (RT-PCR) was applied to estimate the expression of immunomodulatory and regenerative genes after treatment of CUR. The RT-PCR results showed that VEGF-A and STAT3 markers were up-regulated while HLA-G5 and VCAM-1 markers were down-regulated by CUR (20 µM) treatment in hDP-MSCs (P < 0.001). Besides, this research indicated that there were no significant changes in the expressions of RelA and DSPP after 48 h (P = 0.33, P = 1).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that CUR can enhance the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of hDP-MSCs and improve their therapeutic efficacy. These findings can give an understanding of the mechanism for improving restorative and immunomodulatory activity in hDP-MSCs by curcumin.
