Art Deco and Vienna Maria Nashchokina
Proekt Bajkal,
12/2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
62
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article considers the formation of the Art Deco style in the Viennese architectural school and highlights the role of Josef Hoffman in the emergence of a new stylistic theme formally opposite to ...Art Nouveau. The article studies the change in the function of decoration in the architectural image through the example of A. Stoclet Palace in Brussels. The relation of Hoffman’s individual artistic language to the development of the Art Deco style was demonstrated in the architecture of the pavilions at the 1925 Paris International Exhibition. Similarity of Art Deco and Art Nouveau was in the origin, in comprehension of the “great style” lasting for almost the entire 20th century.
Art Deco and Vienna Maria Nashchokina
Proekt Bajkal,
12/2019
62
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article considers the formation of the Art Deco style in the Viennese architectural school and highlights the role of Josef Hoffman in the emergence of a new stylistic theme formally opposite to ...Art Nouveau. The article studies the change in the function of decoration in the architectural image through the example of A. Stoclet Palace in Brussels. The relation of Hoffman’s individual artistic language to the development of the Art Deco style was demonstrated in the architecture of the pavilions at the 1925 Paris International Exhibition. Similarity of Art Deco and Art Nouveau was in the origin, in comprehension of the “great style” lasting for almost the entire 20th century.
Preservation of tourist attractiveness of a small historic town in Russia concerns its cultural, social and economic aspects. The article outlines the most important challenges faced by small ...historic towns in Russia: preservation of local population, search for possibilities to create workplaces and prevent the outflow of employees to big cities; preservation and development of traditional “homestead” style of life; revitalization of organic production in suburban areas; development of agricultural and gastronomy tourism and recreation, as well as local initiatives that can promote and create internationally recognized handicraft industry.
Preservation of tourist attractiveness of a small historic town in Russia concerns its cultural, social and economic aspects. The article outlines the most important challenges faced by small ...historic towns in Russia: preservation of local population, search for possibilities to create workplaces and prevent the outflow of employees to big cities; preservation and development of traditional “homestead” style of life; revitalization of organic production in suburban areas; development of agricultural and gastronomy tourism and recreation, as well as local initiatives that can promote and create internationally recognized handicraft industry.
The article reviews projects of reconstruction of historical monuments of industrial architecture, which were worked out in Moscow during the last two decades. By the example of presented projects, ...the author considers two approaches to the problem of their preservation: restorative and radically reconstructive. The first one is the most compliant with the Russian legislation in the field of heritage, while the second one is hotly debated. The author gives examples of radical reconstruction from foreign practices, which show competent and rational methods of this approach, making it possible to achieve positive results. The author describes two examples of radical reconstruction in Moscow: the realized project Presnya-City and the project by Herzog & de Meuron which has not been implemented yet. Its discussion allows to develop alternative ways of reconstruction of old industrial buildings.
Wooden architecture is regarded as a basis for Russian cultural identity. A short journey into the history of its preservation is made. The design and practical experiences of Irkutsk, Tomsk, ...Nyandoma and Tallinn are viewed as contemporary examples of preservation of wooden urban houses. The author considers starting demolition of the unique workers’ settlement Chagoda built from wood in the constructivist style to be one of the recent losses. The article points out the necessity of cardinal public reevaluation of national values and a traditional Russian wooden house.
This message is dedicated to the Russian Paysage that is virtually completely ignored by developers and businessmen. Being a part of the cultural paysage of our country, each paysage is considered in ...terms of the customary relations between people and the Nature, work skills, the morality of the nation and its culture. Natural and artificial paysages are ever changing but they still have certain constants that determine their value. Conducting an inventory survey of paysages (of national, regional and local value) and assigning them with a legal status would help improve the building and economic activities.
Paysages of various geographical areas differ in the spatial continuity, size, barrier configuration, isolation (openness), visual focus points (mountains, hills, lakes, stand-alone trees, etc.), and the individual correlation of such elements determines the paysage value. The so-called curtains in the foreground often determine the depth of the overall picture, which is why they play an important part in the perception of the paysage. All of the elements need to be registered and saved as part of unique protected paysages. To save what is left of the natural beauty, municipal authorities came up with special protective regimes, visibility sectors, etc. that are sometimes not enough to effectively protect the historical sight and views. Country paysages are even less protected by the law. As a rule, even in natural reserves beautiful paysages are not registered or considered to be an independent type of heritage. Man-made paysages differ from natural ones in terms of the cultural content: they are some kind of living pictures portraying certain stages of development of the country and the people. Various paysages of Russia – city, country, mansion, industrial, memorial or painted paysages (by Russian painters and writers) – form an integral part of our visual perception of Russia. Our mission is to raise awareness about the need to take care of the beauty of Nature to eventually avoid unreasonable using, i.e. wasting of the territory and natural resources.
Статья посвящена обзору градостроительных изменений и проектных инициатив во всех сферах городской жизни в Ярославле второй половины XIX - начала XX века и базируется на архивных документах. ...Ярославль, возникновение которого связано с именем Ярослава Мудрого, - крупный губернский город, расположенный на высоком мысу при впадении реки Которосли в Волгу, к середине XIX века имел уже более чем восьмивековой возраст. Как и в большинстве волжских городов, основным градоформирующим фактором в Ярославле второй половины XIX - начала XX века было развитие порта и связанных с ним подъездных путей (включая стремительно умножавшиеся железные дороги), складских территорий, мостов, портовых инженерных сооружений, и развитие промышленности, иногда впрямую, иногда опосредованно также связанной с жизнью порта, от которого, как правило, зависел ввоз сырья и вывоз готовой продукции. Исследование показало, что сложившаяся градостроительная структура Ярославля не подвергалась в этот период серьёзным реконструктивным переменам, коррективы чаще всего обслуживали насущные потребности. Осуществление проектов, рассчитанных на далёкую перспективу (проект зимней гавани в устье Которосли), наталкивалось на экономические препятствия и частнособственнические интересы, шедшие в разрез с интересами города в целом. Таким образом, отличительной чертой градостроительного развития Ярославля второй половины XIX - начала XX века был последовательный традиционализм в сфере архитектурного образа и стилистики в сочетании с внедрением в городское благоустройство многих технических новаций, развитием железнодорожного строительства и портового хозяйства.
The article provides an overview of urban change and project initiatives in all spheres of urban life in Yaroslavl in the second half of the XIX - beginning of XX century and is based on archival ...documents. Yaroslavl is alarge governorate city located on a high cape at the confluence of the Kotorosli river in the Volga, the emergence of which is associated with the name of Yaroslav the Wise, by the middle of the XIX century it was more than eight centuries old. As in most of the Volga cities, the main town-forming factor in Yaroslavl in the second half of the XIX - early XX century was the development of the port and associated access roads (including rapidly multiplying railways), warehouse areas, bridges, port engineering facilities, and the development of industry, sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly interconnected with the life of the port, which, as a rule, depended on the import of raw materials and export of finished products. The study showed that the current urban structure of Yaroslavl was not subjected to serious reconstructive changes during this period, adjustments often served immediate needs. Implementation of projects designed for the long term (such as winter harbour at the mouth of the Kotorosl river) faced economic obstacles and private property interests that ran counter to the interests of the city as a whole. Thus, a distinctive feature of the urban development of Yaroslavl in this period was consistent traditionalism in the field of architectural image and style, combined with the introduction of urban improvement of many technical innovations, the development of railway construction and port facilities.
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