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•MIL-53(Fe)/SiO2 nano-composite is hydro-thermally synthesized of from raw LD slag.•Morphology of the photo-catalyst shows its hexagonal nano rod like structures.•MIL-53(Fe)/SiO2 ...nano-composite has improved photo-catalytic efficiency.•Maximum photo-degradation has been achieved as 66.3% under UV irradiation.
In this work, MIL-53(Fe)/SiO2 nano-composite has been synthesized from raw LD slag, a steel industry waste containing high Fe2O3 and SiO2, by facile solvo-thermal process. The physical and photo-catalytic properties of the MIL-53(Fe)/SiO2 has been characterized by using FESEM, HRTEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, TG, PL UV–vis spectroscopy standard techniques. The photo-catalyst is having hexagonal nanorod like structures with high BET surface area of 149.1 m2/g. MIL-53(Fe)/SiO2 has been found to be UV light sensitive having 0.21 mA/cm2 photo-current density and band gap of 2.81 eV. The photo-degradation experiments of methylene blue have been carried out at different working conditions to evaluate its photo-catalytic efficiency. The photo-degradation kinetics of methylene blue has been described by first-order kinetics.
In this study a stepwise combination of electro-Fenton process and chemical precipitation was used to treat rayon industry wastewater and reduce its chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Zn²⁺. Results ...obtained with industrial wastewater having a COD of 2400mg/L and 32mg/L Zn²⁺ revealed that approximately 88% COD was reduced in 50min using the electro-Fenton method with an optimized H₂O₂ dose of 1530mg/L and a current density of 0.90A/dm² but this step does not have any appreciable effect on zinc removal. The most effective zinc removal (99–99.3%) was in the range of pH 9–10 using lime (CaO) precipitation. Electro-Fenton studies were with current density in the range of 0.45A/dm² to 1.80A/dm² and H₂O₂ dosage in the range of 765mg/L to 3825mg/L. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor using two electrodes — iron anode and graphite cathode. COD reduction increased with cell current up to a limit and then deteriorated. Energy consumption of the electro-Fenton method was 1.7kWh/kg COD removed at the optimized conditions. A combined method of electro-Fenton followed by lime precipitation is therefore proposed as an effective method for treatment of rayon industry wastewater containing high COD and zinc.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are a new class of porous materials that have generated a lot of interest because of their crystalline structures, uniformly large surface area, open framework, and ...consistent yet adjustable cavities. They serve as photocatalysts and adsorbents for the removal of organic contaminants from wastewater. In this regard, MIL-100(Fe) as MOF is chosen and synthesized hydrothermally. So, this work is intended to prepare MOF-based photocatalysts and photocatalytic degradation of Pharmaceuticals like Sulfamethazine (SMT), present in wastewater using the prepared photocatalyst. The degradation studies will include the model development using Box-Behnken experimental design as RSM (response surface methodology), finding the optimum operating conditions of dosage, pH and initial concentration.
The beauty of cascade reactions to bestow us with cumbersome organic scaffolds has made them a cutting-edge area of research. Although the planning of cascades may require intuition, their results ...can be highly impactful. The development of cascades to provide specific targeted molecules of an appropriate structural and stereochemical framework poses a significant challenge but can serve as one of the most impressive tools in organic synthesis. This review shares a broad interest in compiling cascade transformations towards the construction of polycyclic frameworks, induction of chirality/asymmetry in the protocol,
etc
. to solve diverse challenges in organic synthesis pursuits, as cascades enable the rapid and efficient construction of complex architectures from simple molecules. The studies highlighted herein manifest the utilization of a range of cascade reactions under various classifications for generating natural product skeletons such as palau'amine, benzosimuline, arcutinine, and others from simple building blocks, with emphasis on breakthroughs and potential for asymmetric synthesis. The exquisite synthetic designs of recently completed total synthesis of natural products with a focus on strategic concerns are also highlighted in this review.
This review features a broad interest in compiling a range of cascade transformations under various classifications based on nature and reactivity of the main ingredient to solve diverse challenges in organic synthesis to create fascinating molecules.
In present pandemic situations, we need more and more care on the medication, to treat the ill cells or to control the growth of the cells we need better transfection with active pharmaceutical ...ingredients. In chemotherapy many drugs are working on the target as well as on adjacent organs, to avoid such conditions, we required active compounds, coumarin, and thiazole-based compounds can function in this way. This research work illustrated better transfection and percentage of cell viability of azetidinones by the insertion of thiazole and (or) coumarin groups. Synthesized the tilted compounds from Thiazole (or) Coumarin-based Schiff base, and chloroacetyl chloride with good yields. Herein, the β-lactam group acts as a linker, to this linker one side heterocyclic ring acts as the anchoring group, and the other side of the aromatic ring acts as the hydrophobic group; in silico studies of this series, results have shown that many compounds are having anti-cancer activity along with other biological activities. The in vitro cell viability studies IC
50
values of Azetidinone (
III
): 1.5608, (
IV
): 1.5694, (
V
): 1.5489, and (
VI
): 1.7452 are better than the reference Lipofectamine 2000 (L2K): 2.0280 against oral cancer cell line (CAL-27), this result supported by the cellular uptake against HEK-293, DNA binding, and β-galactose activity.
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has the potential to identify discriminatory signatures, crucial for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. We demonstrate here the design, fabrication and testing of ...a 3D printed smartphone based spectroscopic device. Polarized fluorescence and elastic scattering spectra are captured through the device using a 405 nm laser and a white LED source respectively. The device has been calibrated by comparison of spectra of standard fluorophores (Flavin adenine dinucleotide, fluorescein, rhodamine, and porphyrin) with the corresponding spectra collected from a commercial spectrometer. A few cervical tissue spectra have also been captured for proof of its applicability as a portable, standalone device for the collection of intrinsic fluorescence spectra from human cervix.
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•Geopolymeric adsorbents are synthesized from LD slag for fluoride removal.•Ni2+ & Zn2+ exchange in geopolymeric structure enhance its defluoridation capacity.•Chemisorption of ...fluoride ions takes places onto geopolymeric structure.•Mass transfer rate limiting step is identified with the estimation of parameters.
The present study aims at the synthesis of highly efficient, three dimensional, porous, alumino-silicate geopolymeric adsorbents derived from the steel plant LD (Linz–Donawitz) slag, a potential raw material for geopolymerisation, to remove toxic fluoride ions from wastewater. LD slag geopolymeric adsorbent (LDSGP) has been chemically modified by bivalent metallic ions i.e. Ni2+ and Zn2+ separately resulting formation of Ni-LDSGP & Zn-LDSGP adsorbents respectively; and their fluoride adsorption capacities have been investigated. The physico-chemical properties of all the geopolymeric adsorbents have been described by using standard characterization techniques including BET, FESEM & HRTEM, FTIR, XRD etc. showing micro-petal like morphology on its’ outer surfaces. The fluoride sorption onto the geopolymeric adsorbents have been investigated in batch adsorption studies where Zn-LDSGP adsorbent has the superior fluoride adsorption capacity followed by Ni-LDSGP and LDSGP (Qe,Zn−LDSGP=60mg/g>Qe,Ni−LDSGP=55.4mg/g>Qe,LDSGP=50.6mg/g). The equilibrium study shows best fit to Freundlich model while the adsorption kinetic data fitted best with pseudo-second-order model suggesting the nature of the adsorption to be chemisorption. The mass transfer occurred during the sorption process has been mathematically modeled and simulated to identify the rate-determining steps of mass transfer phenomena.
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•Raw LD slag is geopolymerised to prepare a mesoporous highly efficient adsorbent for Zinc(II) removal.•Chemical reactions taking place during geopolymerisation are ...identified.•Adsorption capacity is highest among the similar adsorbents.•Chemisorption of Zn2+ ions involves cationic exchange and surface fixation mechanisms.
Linz-Donawitz(LD) slag Geopolymer(LDSGP), a porous aluminosillicate geopolymeric adsorbent, has been synthesized from steel plant LD slag for efficient removal of Zinc(II) ions from wastewater, thus presenting a solution for converting industrial waste to adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The colloid paste of raw LD slag and the alkaline activator (10 M NaOH + sodium silicate (1:1 w/w)) has been cured for 3 days at low temperature to geopolymerize the calcium oxide rich LD slag. The BET surface area of LDSGP adsorbent (30.84 m2/g) has improved considerably compared to raw LDS (4.85 m2/g) and the FESEM and HRTEM images reveal the presence of micropetal and cauliflower like structures at outer surface of the adsorbent particles. The mesoporous nature of LDSGP adsorbent can be understood by analyzing N2 adsorption-desorption and pore size distribution plot. The PXRD pattern of LDSGP adsorbent powder confirms the presence of Ca2SiO4and Ca3SiO5 in the geopolymeric matrix. Langmuir isotherm model correlates the batch adsorption data of Zn2+ions onto LDSGP particles at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. The maximum Zn2+ ions adsorption capacity of LDSGP is 86 mg/g at 318 K. The adsorption kinetic data is correlated with pseudo-second-order model indicating chemisorption of Zn2+ions onto LD slag geopolymeric powder adsorbent.
This study deals with the formulation of a simple control strategy for the enhancement of the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of the grid-integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator ...(PMSG)-based wind generation system (WGS). The control warrants satisfying minimum required reactive current support to the ac grid as first priority with minimum loss of generation and maximum utilisation of the converter current capacity during LVRT compliance as per E.ON Netz German grid code requirements. The reference control variables in coordinated control of the stator-side and grid-side converters are altered so as to support the reactive current to the ac grid and, to store the excess active power in the system inertia for keeping the dc-link capacitor voltage in the safe limit during voltage dips at the grid side. The investigations have been made on the proposed strategy of LVRT enhancement with the speed (ω) and torque (T) controls of the direct-drive PMSG in grid-integrated WGS exploiting commonly used tip-speed-ratio and optimum-torque control algorithms of peak power tracking, respectively. Simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed strategy. The performances of the proposed strategy of LVRT enhancement has also been compared to the conventional method like dc-link braking chopper.
