We report on interferometric observations at 1.3 mm at 2"-3" resolution using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. We identify multi-wavelength counterparts of three ...submillimeter galaxies (SMGs; F sub(1mm) > 5.5 mJy) in the COSMOS field, initially detected with MAMBO and AzTEC bolometers at low, ~10"-30", resolution. All three sources-AzTEC/C1, Cosbo-3, and Cosbo-8-are identified to coincide with positions of 20 cm radio sources. Cosbo-3, however, is not associated with the most likely radio counterpart, closest to the MAMBO source position, but with that farther away from it. This illustrates the need for intermediate-resolution (~2") mm-observations to identify the correct counterparts of single-dish-detected SMGs. All of our three sources become prominent only at NIR wavelengths, and their mm-to-radio flux based redshifts suggest that they lie at redshifts z > ~ 2. As a proof of concept, we show that photometric redshifts can be well determined for SMGs, and we find photometric redshifts of 5.6 + or - 1.2, 1.9 super(+0.9) sub(-0.5), and ~4 for AzTEC/C1, Cosbo-3, and Cosbo-8, respectively. Using these we infer that these galaxies have radio-based star formation rates of > ~ 1000 M sub(middot in circle) yr super(-1) and IR luminosities of ~10 super(13) L sub(middot in circle) consistent with properties of high-redshift SMGs. In summary, our sources reflect a variety of SMG properties in terms of redshift and clustering, consistent with the framework that SMGs are progenitors of z ~ 2 and today's passive galaxies.
Over the last 20 years, a rapid analysis of plant in general and pigments in particular to detect variations in the content of nitrogen (N) has appeared significant, always based on the premise that ...the photosynthetic capacity of the plants is related to the content of N. This work has tried to determine if there is a different behavior on chlorophyll meter (SPAD) values taken at different heights from the ground faced with three levels of N fertilization and compared with the behavior of a vegetation index calculated from remote sensing data. The degree of fit between these techniques was determined, thereby obtaining a high correlation between them showing that remote sensing measurements could be reliably used as an adequate indicator of the N-nutritional status in the whole wheat plant, showing a better behavior than chlorophyll meters, a technology that is more complicated and less practical to implement in large areas.
β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) is a magnesium-dependent phosphoryl transfer enzyme that catalyses the reversible isomerisation of β-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate, via two phosphoryl ...transfer steps and a β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate intermediate. Substrate-free βPGM is an essential component of the catalytic cycle and an understanding of its dynamics would present significant insights into βPGM functionality, and enzyme catalysed phosphoryl transfer in general. Previously, 30 residues around the active site of substrate-free βPGM
WT
were identified as undergoing extensive millisecond dynamics and were unassignable. Here we report
1
H,
15
N and
13
C backbone resonance assignments of the P146A variant (βPGM
P146A
) in its substrate-free form, where the K145–A146 peptide bond adopts a
trans
conformation in contrast to all crystal structures of βPGM
WT
, where the K145–P146 peptide bond is
cis.
In βPGM
P146A
millisecond dynamics are suppressed for all but 17 residues, allowing 92% of backbone resonances to be assigned. Secondary structure predictions using TALOS-N reflect βPGM crystal structures, and a chemical shift comparison between substrate-free βPGM
P146A
and βPGM
WT
confirms that the solution conformations are very similar, except for the D137–A147 loop. Hence, the isomerisation state of the 145–146 peptide bond has little effect on structure but the
cis
conformation triggers millisecond dynamics in the hinge (V12–T16), the nucleophile (D8) and residues that coordinate the transferring phosphate group (D8 and S114–S116), and the D137–A147 loop (V141–A142 and K145). These millisecond dynamics occur in addition to those for residues involved in coordinating the catalytic Mg
II
ion and the L44–L53 loop responsible for substrate discrimination.
The pan Bcl-2 family antagonist Obatoclax (GX15-070), currently in clinical trials, was shown to sensitize TRAIL-resistant tumors to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via the release of Bak and Bim from Mcl-1 ...or Bcl-2/Bcl-X
L
complexes or by the activation of Bax, though other mechanisms were not examined. Herein, we hypothesize that Obatoclax-mediated sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis may also result from alterations of the apoptotic pathways. The TRAIL-resistant B-cell line Ramos was used as a model for investigation. Treatment of Ramos cells with Obatoclax significantly inhibited the expression of several members of the Bcl-2 family, dissociated Bak from Mcl-1 and inhibited the NFκB activity. Cells treated with Mcl-1 siRNA were sensitized to TRAIL apoptosis. We examined whether the sensitization of Ramos to TRAIL by Obatoclax resulted from signaling of the DR4 and/or DR5. Transfection with DR5 siRNA, but not with DR4 siRNA, sensitized the cells to apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. The signaling via DR5 correlated with Obatoclax-induced inhibition of the DR5 repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Transfection with YY1 siRNA sensitized the cells to TRAIL apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. Overall, the present findings reveal a new mechanism of Obatoclax-induced sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis and the involvement of the inhibition of NFκB activity and downstream Mcl-1 and YY1 expressions and activities.
Sleep disturbance is one of the key diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In this cross-sectional, prospective, observational, and multicenter study, factors associated with the ...prevalence of insomnia and the impact of insomnia-associated factors on quality of life were evaluated. Using multivariate analyses, the factor most strongly associated with the presence of insomnia (ISI ≥ 8) was the severity of the disorder (Odds Ratio OR: 9.253 for severe GAD; 95% Confidence Interval CI: 1.914-44.730; p = 0.006), pain interference and symptoms of depression (OR: 1.018; 95% CI 1.003-1.033; p = 0.016 and OR: 1.059; 95% CI 1.019-1.101; p = 0.004, respectively). Insomnia was not related to quality of life. Our results show insomnia to be a common health condition among patients with GAD, associated with the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and pain interference.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims. We aim to demonstrate the usability of mm-wavelength imaging data obtained from the APEX-SZ bolometer array to derive the radial temperature profile of the hot intra-cluster gas out to radius ...r500 and beyond. The goal is to study the physical properties of the intra-cluster gas by using a non-parametric de-projection method that is, aside from the assumption of spherical symmetry, free from modeling bias. Methods. We use publicly available X-ray spectroscopic-imaging data in the 0.7-2 keV energy band from the XMM-Newton observatory and our Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) imaging data from the APEX-SZ experiment at 150 GHz to de-project the density and temperature profiles for a well-studied relaxed cluster, Abell 2204. We derive the gas density, temperature and entropy profiles assuming spherical symmetry, and obtain the total mass profile under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. For comparison with X-ray spectroscopic temperature models, a re-analysis of recent Chandra observation is done with the latest calibration updates. We compare the results with that from an unrelaxed cluster, Abell 2163, to illustrate some differences between relaxed and merging systems. Results. Using the non-parametric modeling, we demonstrate a decrease of gas temperature in the cluster outskirts, and also measure gas entropy profiles, both of which are done for the first time independently of X-ray spectroscopy using the SZE and X-ray imaging data. The gas entropy measurement in the central 100 kpc shows the usability of APEX-SZ data for inferring cluster dynamical states with this method. The contribution of the SZE systematic uncertainties in measuring Te at large radii is shown to be small compared to XMM-Newton and Chandra systematic spectroscopic errors. The total mass profile obtained using the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption is in agreement with the published X-ray and weak lensing results; the upper limit on M200 derived from the non-parametric method is consistent with the NFW model prediction from weak lensing analysis.
Synopsis We demonstrate that a standard approximation in the integration conditions of the transferred momentum, which is frequently employed for the study of the interaction of charged projectiles ...with condensed matter, might lead to inconsistent results. We propose a method for avoiding these shortcomings. Finally we exemplify this issue by studying the excitation of bulk plasmons by a particle penetrating a semi-infinite material at an oblique trajectory.
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) is well suited to the humid tropical climate of the Amazon basin. It is often produced under contrasting conditions of low‐input agroforestry ...systems and intensively managed monocultures that differ in N constraints on productivity. We evaluated indicators of soil N cycling and coffee plant N sufficiency using a full factorial of two input managements (organic vs. conventional) and the absence or presence of the interplanted leguminous tree (LT) Erythrina spp. in a replicated robusta coffee field trial in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Activities of soil protease, three aminopeptidases, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase, and β‐glucosidase were evaluated in tandem with soil NH4–N and NO3–N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), as well as coffee leaf N, leaf N/P ratio (N/P), and yield. The LT decreased soil enzyme activities, PMN, and extractable NH4–N, as well as leaf N and leaf N/P. Enzyme activities and NH4–N were greater under organic input, but conventional input resulted in greater PMN, leaf N, leaf N/P, and yield. Permanganate oxidizable C and NO3–N were similar across input and interplanting but were more variable in the presence of LT relative to its absence. Lower soil enzymatic activities, labile N pools, and leaf N in coffee systems with Erythrina spp. suggest that, although a common smallholder practice in this region, interplanting this leguminous perennial has marginal impacts on soil N cycling and may not necessarily improve N supply for robusta coffee.
Core Ideas
Soil N indicators evaluated for robusta coffee input system × leguminous tree interplanting.
Potentially mineralizable N (PMN), leaf N, and coffee yield were greater under conventional input.
Leguminous tree interplanting decreased soil N‐ and C‐enzyme activities and PMN.
No relationships were found between PMN and aminopeptidase activities, nor between C‐enzyme activities and permanganate oxidizable C.
Synopsis We study the time evolution of an incoherent mixture of identical particles by solving the Liouville - von Neumann equation for the corresponding density matrix. We demonstrate the quantum ...mechanical equivalent of van Cittert - Zernike theorem, and apply these results to the quantitative analysis of the coherence of a beam of particles in atomic collisions.
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