A study was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of diverse tillage and nitrogen ...management scenarios on growth, development, and yield of a conservation agriculture (CA)-based wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop grown in sequence with maize (Zea mays L.). Experiment was conducted in split plot design (SPD) comprised of 3 different tillage practices in main plots Conventional tillage + residue (CT); Zero tillage + residue (ZT); and Permanent beds + residue (PB) and 5 nitrogen (N) options in sub plots Control (zero nitrogen); Recommended dose of N-RDN @150 kg N/ha (50 kg N/ha Basal + 2-equal splits at 37 days after sowing (DAS) and 84 DAS); Green Seeker (GS) based application of N @148 kg N/ha (GS); Urea super granules applied as basal @75 kg N/ha + GS based N application (USG); and Slow release fertilizer as 100% basal application @150 kg N/ha (SRF) with 3-replications. The findings revealed that in both the seasons, both tillage and nitrogen management approaches significantly affected wheat growth, yield characteristics, and overall yield, whereas the time to anthesis and physiological maturity, and test weight remained unaffected. Within the spectrum of tillage practices, leaf area index (LAI) and yield attributes exhibited the trend PB>ZT>CT. PB recorded the highest grain yield (5159 kg/ha), followed by ZT (4916 kg/ha) and the lowest grain yield was observed with CT (4578 kg/ha). The wheat grain yields were 12.7% and 7.4% higher in PB and ZT, respectively, over to CT. Among nitrogen management options, the grain yield exhibited the pattern USG>N150>SRF>GS>N0. This study emphasizes that adopting conservation agriculture (CA) practices, particularly CA-based permanent beds using urea super granules (USG) for nitrogen management can improve wheat growth and yield.
We measure the inclusive production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from e+e− annihilation using a 800 fb−1 data sample taken near the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the ...KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. The feed-down contributions from heavy particles are subtracted using our data, and the direct production cross sections are presented for the first time. The production cross sections divided by the number of spin states for S=−1 hyperons follow an exponential function with a single slope parameter except for the Σ(1385)+ resonance. Suppression for Σ(1385)+ and Ξ(1530)0 hyperons is observed. Among the production cross sections of charmed baryons, a factor of 3 difference for Λc+ states over Σc states is observed. This observation suggests a diquark structure for these baryons.
Nettle plants are grown naturally as forest weeds in Himalayan region without much explored economic value. The plant remains under-explored as far as extraction of fiber for textile and other ...industrial applications are concerned. Present study highlights a complete information, starting from fiber extraction, retting, production of blended yarns & fabrics, coloration and products development along with cost analysis. Himalayan nettle plant was considered for fiber extraction through microbial retting, yielded 1.25% dry fiber. Extracted fiber was characterized in details for physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal and morphological properties. Fiber having fineness of 2.2-2.4 tex, tenacity of 10-16 cN/tex, and elongation of 3% was blended with viscose fiber in 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 ratios to produce blended yarns. Those yarns and bleached & dyed yarns were utilized as weft to produce fabric in handloom, keeping cotton yarn as warp. Yarns and fabrics properties were also evaluated in detail. Apparel textile products, like female fashion wear (cost $ 13) and "shawl" (cost $ 39), were produced. The developed products are not only be fashionable apparel but also be fully biodegradable. Research findings advocate that nettle plant may be considered as an untapped potential source for fiber extraction and application in apparel textile.
Contents
In this study, we developed an in vitro model for studying sperm–oviduct binding in the buffalo. Oviduct explants were prepared by overnight culture of epithelial cells in TCM‐199 medium ...under 5% CO2 at 38.5 °C. Cryopreserved spermatozoa from buffalo bulls (n = 4) were incubated with the oviduct explants, and the sperm–oviduct explants complex was stained with JC‐1. The effect of sperm concentration (2, 3 and 4 million), size of the oviduct explants (<0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4 and >0.4 mm2) and time of incubation (1 hr and 4 hr) on binding index (BI—number of sperm bound to unit area of explants) was studied. No significant difference was observed in the BI among <0.2, 0.2–0.3 and 0.3–0.4 mm2 size of explants; however, the BI decreased significantly (p < .05) when the size of explants exceeded 0.4 mm2. The BI decreased significantly (p < .05) when the sperm concentration was increased to 4 million, while the duration of incubation did not have any significant effect on the BI. The interaction of bulls with explants size, sperm concentration and incubation time was not significant. The developed assay has the potential to be used as an in vitro model for studying sperm–oviduct binding in the buffalo.
Integration of fish stocking with rice (
Oryza sativa L.) cultivation promises an ecologically sound and environmentally viable management of flooded ecosystem. Rice agriculture contributes to the ...emission of greenhouse gases CH
4 and N
2O, but little is known on the effect of fish rearing in fields planted to rice on the emission of these two greenhouse gases. In a field study, CH
4 and N
2O fluxes were measured from a sub-humid tropical rice field of Cuttack, eastern India, as affected by integrated rice–fish farming under rainfed lowland conditions. Three Indian major carps,
Catla catla H.,
Labeo rohita H. and
Cirrhinus mrigala H., and
Puntius gonionotus B. were stocked in rice fields planted to two rice cultivars in a split-plot design with no fish and fish as the main treatments and two rice varieties as sub-treatments with three replicates each. Fish rearing increased CH
4 emission from field plots planted to both the rice cultivars with 112% increase in CH
4 emission in
cv. Varshadhan and 74% in case of
cv. Durga. On the contrary, fish stocking reduced N
2O emission from field plots planted to both the rice varieties. Movement of fish and associated bioturbation coupled with higher dissolved organic-C and CH
4 contents, and lower dissolved oxygen could be the reasons for release of larger quantities of CH
4 from rice
+
fish plots, while higher dissolved oxygen content might have influenced release of more N
2O from the rice alone treatment. The total greenhouse gas emission, expressed as CO
2 equivalent global warming potential (GWP), was considerably higher from rice
+
fish plots with CH
4 contributing a larger share (91%) as compared to rice alone plots (78–81%). On the contrary, N
2O had a comparatively lesser contribution with 19–22% share in rice alone plots that was further reduced to 9% in rice
+
fish plots. However, considering the profit-loss analysis based on the market price of the produce, rice–fish system provided a net profit of $453.36
ha
−1 over rice alone system in spite of higher carbon credit compliance of a rice–fish ecosystem due to larger cumulative GWP.
This study evaluated the impact of contrasting tillage and nitrogen management options on the growth, yield attributes, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in a conservation agriculture (CA)-based ...maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three tillage practices conventional tillage with residue (CT), zero tillage with residue (ZT) and permanent beds with residue (PB) as main plot treatments and in sub-plots five nitrogen management options Control (without N fertilization), recommended dose of N @150 kg N/ha, Green Seeker-GS based application of split applied N, N applied as basal through urea super granules-USG + GS based application and 100% basal application of slow release fertilizer (SRF) @150 kg N/ha with three replications. Results showed that both tillage and nitrogen management options had a significant impact on maize growth, yield attributes, and yield in both seasons. However, time to anthesis and physiological maturity were not significantly affected. Yield attributes were highest in the permanent beds and zero tillage plots, with similar numbers of grains per cob (486.1 and 468.6). The highest leaf area index (LAI) at 60 DAP was observed in PB (5.79), followed by ZT(5.68) and the lowest was recorded in CT (5.25) plots. The highest grain yield (2-year mean basis) was recorded with permanent beds plots (5516 kg/ha), while the lowestwas observed with conventional tillage (4931 kg/ha). Therefore, the study highlights the importance of CA practices for improving maize growth and yield, and suggests that farmers can achieve better results through the adoption of CA-based permanent beds and use of USG as nitrogen management option.
Abstract
We present the research and development work of the first version of a 6×6 array of silicon pad detectors, carried out in India, for the proposed forward calorimeter (FOCAL) as part of the ...ALICE collaboration upgrade program at CERN. The primary motivation is to develop a large area silicon pad array realizing the challenging requirements of high-energy physics experiments such as low leakage current, high breakdown voltage and evaluate its performance as an active layer in the prototype silicon tungsten (Si-W) electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter. Towards these goals, a 36-pad silicon sensor with an individual pad size of ∼1 cm
2
is designed on a 4-inch high resistivity N-type wafer and fabricated at Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore. The sensors have been used to assemble the prototype Si-W calorimeters and were successfully tested with high-energy particle beams. The design and development of the large area silicon sensor and its characterization using radioactive sources in the laboratory and high-energy particle beams are reported in this paper.
A silicon-tungsten (Si-W) sampling calorimeter, consisting of 19 alternate layers of silicon pad detectors (individual pad area of 1 cm2) and tungsten absorbers (each of one radiation length), has ...been constructed for measurement of electromagnetic showers over a large energy range. The signal from each of the silicon pads is readout using an ASIC with a dynamic range from −300 fC to +500 fC. Another ASIC with a larger dynamic range, ±600 fC has been used as a test study. The calorimeter was exposed to pion and electron beams at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to characterise the response to minimum ionising particles (MIP) and showers from electromagnetic (EM) interactions. Pion beams of 120 GeV provided baseline measurements towards the understanding of the MIP behaviour in the silicon pad layers, while electron beams of energy from 5 GeV to 60 GeV rendered detailed shower profiles within the calorimeter. The energy deposition in each layer, the longitudinal shower profile, and the total energy deposition have been measured for each incident electron energy. Linear behaviour of the total measured energy (E) with that of the incident particle energy (E0) ensured satisfactory calorimetric performance. For a subset of the data sample, selected based on the cluster position of the electromagnetic shower of the incident electron, the dependence of the measured energy resolution on E0 has been found to be σ/E=(15.36/ E0(GeV)⊕2.0)%.
A field experiment was conducted in an irrigated saline rice field of Gadakujang (a fishing hamlet of coastal Odisha, India, ravaged by the super cyclone of 1999 and cyclone BOB02 of 2006), to study ...the effects of locally available organic and fresh green manure amendment to the saline soil on methane (CH4) emission during wet and dry seasons using the conventional closed chamber flux measurement method. In a first report of this kind, CH4 emission vis-à-vis yield improvement of rice with different locally available organic manure application from coastal saline rice field soil of Odisha, is reported. The study confirms that CH4 flux from the saline soil planted to rice is significantly lower than that of irrigated inland non-saline rice field during both wet and dry seasons. Cumulative seasonal CH4 flux from different treatments of the coastal saline rice field ranged between 119.51 and 263.60 kg ha−1 during the wet season and 15.35–100.88 kg ha−1 during the dry season. Lower CH4 emission during the dry season may be attributed to the increased soil salinity (EC1:2) that went up from 0.76 dS m−1 during the wet season to 3.96 dS m−1 during the dry season. Annual CH4 emission per Mg grain yield was significantly low from plots treated with locally available green manure Morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa) (17.27) with significantly high rice grain yield. Study indicates that Morning glory may be used as a potential green manure to increase grain yield and reduced CH4 emission from the coastal saline rice ecosystems of the tropics.
► Coastal rice field which is occasionally submerged with saline sea water. ► Organic/green manure application for more than five years. ► Seasonal (dry and wet) variation of methane emission from different treatments. ► Study of yield attributes with methane emission. ► Comparison of methane emission from coastal saline and inland non-saline rice field.
PDF
