To assess the compensatory growth, a 10‐month pond experiment was conducted in which three species of Indian major carps, viz. Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala (1 : 1 : 1), were ...stocked at 7500 ha−1 and the fish were subjected to different restricted feeding and refeeding protocols, viz. Control (C): Continuously fed for 10 months; Treatment‐1 (T‐1): Initial supplementary feeding for 2 months+ No supplementary feeding for 1 month + Refeeding for 7 months; Treatment‐2 (T‐2): Initial supplementary feeding for 2 months + No supplementary feeding for 2 months + Refeeding for 6 months; and Treatment‐3 (T‐3): Initial supplementary feeding for 2 months + No supplementary feeding for 3 months + Refeeding for 5 months in triplicate ponds. At the end of experiment, 100% growth compensation was achieved in T‐2 for all the three carp species. Among all treatments, higher weight gain, PER and PPV and lower AFCR were also recorded in T‐2, resulting in maximum fish production. The restricted feeding had significant effect (P < 0.05) on whole body chemical composition of fish. From this study, it is concluded that in 10‐month pond culture of carp in fertilized pond, the T‐2 would be the best and most economic feeding strategy.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the seasonal and local time occurrence of ionospheric F3 layer over Tirunelveli (geographic longitude 77.8°E, geographic latitude 8.7°N, dip 0.7°) during extremely low and prolonged solar ...activity period (2007–2009). Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde observations from this station are used in the present study. We find that the occurrence of F3 layer is nearly 3 times higher during 2009 (∼ 48%) as compared to that during 2007 (∼16%). The increase of this order just within the low solar activity period is unusual. In earlier studies similar increase in F3 occurrence has been reported when solar activity changes from high (F10.7=182) to low (F10.7=72). The other important feature is the presence of postnoon F3 layers which are observed dominantly during summer solstice of 2009. Such occurrence of postnoon F3 layers was nearly absent during summer solstice of the previous solar minimum (1996) over nearby dip equatorial station Trivandrum. We take equatorial electrojet (EEJ) as a proxy for eastward electric field. It is noticed that the EEJ strength and the maximum rate of change of EEJ are higher for F3 days as compared to those on non‐F3 days. We find that the peak occurrence of prenoon F3 layer closely coincides with the time of maximum rate of change of EEJ. It is in general accordance with the theory proposed by Balan et al. (1998) that suggests the formation of F3 through vertically upward E × B drift in presence of equatorward neutral wind. The present study reveals that the rate of change of eastward electric field (dE/dt) as well plays an important role in the formation of F3 layer.
Key PointsRate of change of eastward electric field plays role in formation of F3 layerUnusual increase in F3 occurrence during extended solar minimum is reportedPostnoon formation of F3 in absence of eastward electric field is observed
We report a search for a dark vector gauge boson U′ that couples to quarks in the decay chain D*+→D0π+,D0→KS0η,η→U′γ, U′→π+π−. No signal is found and we set a mass-dependent limit on the baryonic ...fine structure constant of 10−3−10−2 in the U′ mass range of 290 to 520 MeV/c2. This analysis is based on a data sample of 976 fb−1 collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.
We report the result for a search for the leptonic decay of B+ → μ+ νμ using the full Belle data set of 711 fb-1 of integrated luminosity at the Υ(4S) resonance. In the Standard Model leptonic ...B-meson decays are helicity and CKM suppressed. To maximize sensitivity an inclusive tagging approach is used to reconstruct the second B meson produced in the collision. The directional information from this second B meson is used to boost the observed μ into the signal B meson rest-frame, in which the μ has a monochromatic momentum spectrum. Though its momentum is smeared by the experimental resolution, this technique improves the analysis sensitivity considerably. Analyzing the μ momentum spectrum in this frame we find B(B+ → μ+ νμ) = (5.3 ± 2.0 ± 0.9) × 10-7 with a one-sided significance of 2.8 standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. This translates to a frequentist upper limit of B(B+ → μ+ νμ) < 8.6 × 10-7 at 90% CL. The experimental spectrum is then used to search for a massive sterile neutrino, B+ → μ+ N, but no evidence is observed for a sterile neutrino with a mass in a range of 0 - 1.5 GeV. The determined B+ → μ+ νμ branching fraction limit is further used to constrain the mass and coupling space of the type II and type III two-Higgs-doublet models.
We report a measurement of the cross section for KS0 pair production in single-tag two-photon collisions, γ*γ→KS0KS0, for Q2 up to 30 GeV2, where Q2 is the negative of the invariant mass squared of ...the tagged photon. The measurement covers the kinematic range 1.0 GeV<W<2.6 GeV and |cosθ*|<1.0 for the total energy and kaon scattering angle, respectively, in the γ*γ center-of-mass system. These results are based on a data sample of 759 fb−1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. For the first time, the transition form factor of the f2′(1525) meson is measured separately for the helicity-0, -1, and -2 components and also compared with theoretical calculations. We have derived the cross section for the process for W<2.6 GeV from 121 signal candidate events. Finally, the γ*γ partial decay widths of the χc0 and χc2 mesons are measured as a function of Q2 based on 10 candidate events in total.
Using a data sample of 980 fb–1 of $e^+e^–$ annihilation data taken with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^–$ collider, we report the results of a study of the decays ...of the $Ω^0_c$ charmed baryon into hadronic final states. We report the most precise measurements to date of the relative branching fractions of the $Ω^0_c$ into $Ω^–π^+π^0, Ω^–π^+π^–π^+$, $Ξ^–K^–π^+π^+$, and $Ξ^0K^–π^+$, as well as the first measurements of the branching fractions of the $Ω^0_c$ into $Ξ^–\overline{K}^0π^+$, $Ξ^0\overline{K}^0$, and $Λ\overline{K}^0\overline{K}^0$, all with respect to the $Ω^–π^+$ decay. In addition, we investigate the resonant substructure of these modes. Finally, we present a limit on the branching fraction for the decay $Ω^0_c→Σ^+K^–K^–π^+$.
In a field study, potassium (K) applied as muriate of potash (MOP) significantly reduced methane (CH4) emission from a flooded alluvial soil planted to rice. Cumulative emission was highest in ...control plots (125.34 kg CH4 ha-1), while the lowest emission was recorded in field plots receiving 30 kg K ha-1 (63.81 kg CH4 ha-1), with a 49% reduction in CH4 emission. Potassium application prevented a drop in the redox potential and reduced the contents of active reducing substances and Fe2+ content in the rhizosphere soil. Potassium amendment also inhibited methanogenic bacteria and stimulated methanotrophic bacterial population. Results suggest that, apart form producing higher plant biomass (both above- and underground) and grain yield, K amendment can effectively reduce CH4 emission from flooded soil and could be developed into an effective mitigation option, especially in K-deficient soils.
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