A conversation with Peter Hotez Neill, Ushma S
The Journal of clinical investigation,
11/2023, Letnik:
133, Številka:
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
An interview with Dr. Peter Hotez, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine and Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology at the Baylor College of Medicine, is ...presented. Among other things, he discussses his early influences, his path to Yale for his undergrad degree in molecular physics and biochemistry and his engagement with the government and foreign governments more frequently.
An interview with Elizabeth Jaffee, the Johns Hopkins-based oncologist and immunologist, is presented. Among other things, she talks about the roots of her scientific and medical interests, medical ...school, and her leadership roles.
A conversation with Katherine High Neill, Ushma S
The Journal of clinical investigation,
04/2023, Letnik:
133, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
An interview with physician-scientist and gene therapy pioneer Dr. Katherine High is presented. Among other things, she discusses her childhood life, why she turned toward hematology and when she ...started fixating on gene therapy.
An interview with physician-scientist Yuk Ming Dennis Lo is presented. Among other things, he discusses how he was being a child, the entirety of the fetal genome and cancer detection.
An interview with neonatologist and pulmonary biologist Jeffrey Whitsett is presented. Among other things, he discusses about his family, what his childhood looks like and the factors that led him ...towards pulmonary biology and neonatology.
Tidal-stream energy devices currently require spring tide velocities (SV) in excess of 2.5 m/s and water depths in the range 25–50 m. The tidal-stream energy resource of the Irish Sea, a key ...strategic region for development, was analysed using a 3D hydrodynamic model assuming existing, and potential future technology. Three computational grid resolutions and two boundary forcing products were used within model configuration, each being extensively validated. A limited resource (annual mean of 4 TJ within a 90 km2 extent) was calculated assuming current turbine technology, with limited scope for long-term sustainability of the industry. Analysis revealed that the resource could increase seven fold if technology were developed to efficiently harvest tidal-streams 20% lower than currently required (SV > 2 m/s) and be deployed in any water depths greater than 25 m. Moreover, there is considerable misalignment between the flood and ebb current directions, which may reduce the practical resource. An average error within the assumption of rectilinear flow was calculated to be 20°, but this error reduced to ∼3° if lower velocity or deeper water sites were included. We found resource estimation is sensitive to hydrodynamic model resolution, and finer spatial resolution (<500 m) is required for regional-scale resource assessment when considering future tidal-stream energy strategies.
•Tidal-stream resource assessment of Irish Sea using a 3D tidal model.•Tidal-stream energy resource presently limited by practical device constraints.•Tidal currents not rectilinear between flood and ebb direction at many sites.•Resource improves if lower tidal-stream and deeper water technology developed.
•Waves are frequently aligned at an oblique angle to the tidal current.•Wave angle must be considered for realistic oceanographic conditions.•Waves have a significant impact on the tidal stream ...energy resource.•The net tidal resource is reduced by ∼10% per metre wave height increase.
When selecting suitable sites for tidal stream energy arrays a wide range of factors must be considered, from the magnitude of the tidal stream resource, to realistic oceanographic conditions. Previous computational and laboratory-scale investigations into the impact of waves upon tidal turbines (such as turbine blade loadings) and turbine arrays (such as array configuration) typically assume that waves propagate “inline” to the tidal current (waves following or waves opposing the tidal current with a 20° tolerance limit). We investigated the wave climate at typical tidal stream energy sites across the British Isles. The wave climate was simulated at 18 sites using a 7-year (2005–2011) SWAN wave model simulation of the northwest European shelf seas. The principal semi-diurnal lunar constituent (M2) was also estimated at these sites using the three-dimensional ROMS tidal model. A significant proportion of the wave climate (between 49% and 93% of the time), including extreme wave events (>10m wave heights), was found to be propagating in a direction which was “oblique” to the major axis of tidal flow (i.e. waves which propagate at an angle to the tidal current with a 20° tolerance limit) at all 18 selected sites. Furthermore, the average “inline” wave climate was 2.25m less in height and 2s less in wave period in comparison to the oblique wave climate. To understand the direct effect of waves upon the tidal stream resource, the dynamically wave-tide coupled COAWST modelling system was applied to an idealized headland case study, which represented the typical tide and wave conditions expected at first generation tidal stream energy sites. Waves were found to alter the simulated tidal velocity profile, which, because tidal stream power is proportional to velocity cubed, reduced the theoretical resource by 10% for every metre increase in wave height (R2 94% with 22 degrees of freedom) – depending upon wave period and direction. Our research indicates that wave angle should be considered when quantifying the impact of waves upon tidal turbines, such as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies, or laboratory-scale experiments of wake characteristics and turbine fatigue loading. Further, dynamically coupled tide-wave models may be necessary for a thorough resource assessment, since the complex wave-tide interaction affected the tidal resource; however, in situ observations of tidal velocity profiles during a range of wave events will be essential in validating such modelling approaches in the future.
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