The electrophysical characteristics of the PZT film formed on a silicon by the method of high-frequency reactive plasma sputtering were studied, and their relationship with the structure of the film ...was established. In particular, the hysteresis in the capacitance-voltage characteristics of the metal - ferroelectric - semiconductor indicates the polarization of the film, which, in turn, indicates the presence of the perovskite phase in the PZT film. However, the crystallite size of this phase is so small that it cannot be detected by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy in the rhesus macaque model of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, enabling 50% of vaccinated monkeys to clear a subsequent ...virulent simian immunodeficiency virus challenge. The protective vaccine elicited unconventional CD8 T cell responses that were entirely restricted by MHC II or the nonclassical MHC I molecule, MHC-E. These unconventional responses were only elicited by a fibroblast-adapted rhesus CMV vector with limited tissue tropism; a repaired vector with normal tropism elicited conventional responses. Testing whether these unusual protective CD8 T responses could be elicited in humans requires vaccinating human subjects with a fibroblast-adapted mutant of human CMV (HCMV). In this study, we describe the CD8 T cell responses of human subjects vaccinated with two fibroblast-adapted HCMV vaccines. Most responses were identified as conventional classically MHC I restricted, and we found no evidence for MHC II or HLA-E restriction. These results indicate that fibroblast adaptation alone is unlikely to explain the unconventional responses observed in macaques.
A fluorescence polarization immunoassay has been developed for the detection of the antibacterial sulfathiazole. The latter belongs to the sulfonamide class of antibacterial, which is used in ...beekeeping for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of bees. The assay conditions, which ensure the achievement of high analytical characteristics, are determined. The duration of the analysis is 5 min; the limit of sulfathiazole detection is 3 ng/mL. A study of the assay selectivity concerning other sulfonamides demonstrated high specificity only towards sulfathiazole. An optimal method of sample preparation before control honey contamination was proposed. The effectiveness of the developed analysis for the detection of sulfathiazole in honey samples was confirmed. The developed fluorescent polarization immunoassay is a rapid and efficient analytical system for rapid and sensitive control of honey quality and safety.
Liquid crystalline (LC) mixtures of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) and 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) as well as dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (NTs) in these mixtures were studied ...by means of selective reflection measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The relative mass of COC in a mixture X was varied between 0.4 and 1.0, the temperature range of measurements was between 284 and 314 K, and concentration of NTs was fixed at 0.1%. Two important anomalies were noted: (1) the cholesteric to smectic-A transition temperature increased on dilution of COC by non-smectogenic 5CB in the concentration range 0.8 < X < 1 and (2) the reciprocal pitch versus 5CB concentration dependence was essentially linear, in contrast to behaviour commonly observed in nematic-cholesteric mixtures. A model of molecular arrangement in the mixtures, accounting for the possibility of integration of 5CB dimers and monomers between COC molecules and presumably explaining the experimental data, was proposed. The helical pitch of the cholesteric mixtures remained practically unchanged upon doping by NTs, and only slight widening of the selective reflection peaks was noted. The obtained results allow considering the COC + 5CB mixtures as promising matrices for composite materials on the basis of liquid crystals and NTs.
The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of damage accumulation at the stages of formation and rates of development of cracks in cyclic loading of the cyclically hardening AD-33 aluminum ...alloy are presented, and an assessment is made of the levels accumulated in the process of loading of damage on the basis of the deformation and kinetic criteria. It is shown that the limiting state (final fracture) during cyclic loading of an aluminum alloy is described well when using deformation characteristics (cyclically reversible deformations and one-sided accumulated ones at the stage of formation, and reversible and one-sided accumulated displacement of crack edges at the stage of crack development) used in the deformation and kinetic criteria. It has been established that a cyclically hardening aluminum alloy at the stage of crack development under tension-compression conditions does not obey the first model of fracture mechanics.
The results of the experiment on the measurement of the e+e− → π+π− cross section in a cm energy range of 370–520 MeV are presented. The systematic measurement error is equal to 0.7%. In the vector ...dominance model, the pion electromagnetic radius is calculated using all the CMD-2 data on the pion form factor. The cross section for the production of a muon pair is measured in the energy range of the experiment.
We present a measurement of the pion form factor based on e+e− annihilation data from the CMD-2 detector in the energy range 0.6<s<1.0 GeV with a systematic uncertainty of 0.8%. A data sample is five ...times larger than that used in our previous measurement.
Use of topinambur in technology of flour products Khomych, G. Р.; Tkach, N. I.; Nakonechna, Y. G. ...
Naukovij vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu veterinarnoï medicini ta bìotehnologìj ìmenì S.Z. Gžicʹkogo. Serìâ: Harčovì tehnologìï,
04/2021, Letnik:
23, Številka:
95
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article considers the use of Jerusalem artichoke processing products in technology flour yeast products. In terms of productivity, Jerusalem artichokes significantly exceed potatoes, sugar beets, ...corn and other crops of intensive type, but grow it on small area mainly for fodder purposes. Recently, in the food industry is observed reorientation to the production of products with new qualities, aimed at improving the situation health and disease prevention. Jerusalem artichoke is a unique raw material that can increase the biological value of finished products. Useful properties of Jerusalem artichoke are used to strengthen the immune system, reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, eliminate salt deposits in the joints, in the therapeutic diet for diabetes. However, its limited use in the processing industry is due to the rapid enzymatic darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers during processing. Given the specific properties of Jerusalem artichoke, it is advisable to investigate the enzymatic darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers during processing by determining the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase and the use of Jerusalem artichoke puree in the technology of yeast dough. Analysis of tubers and Jerusalem artichoke puree was performed by organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. The quality of finished products was controlled by organoleptic, physicochemical and structural and mechanical indicators, among which special attention was paid to indicators acidity, humidity, porosity, shape stability. The activity of the enzyme in whole and crushed Jerusalem artichoke tubers and its effect on the activity of the enzyme pre-blanching in water for 10 minutes It is determined that when blanching is a partial inactivation of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which prevents darkening of raw materials during grinding. The effect of adding Jerusalem artichoke puree in the amount of 10, 15 and 20 % was studied on gluten of wheat flour. The partial replacement of wheat flour in mashed Jerusalem artichoke leads not only to a decrease in the amount of gluten, but also to a change in its quality. The gluten becomes more elastic, the extensibility decreases, and with the addition of 20 % puree gluten is torn. It is determined that the duration of fermentation of dough samples varies depending on the amount introduced Jerusalem artichoke puree. With increasing percentage of Jerusalem artichoke puree in the dough recipe, the duration of dough fermentation is reduced by 6.25…8.75 %. The addition of puree had a positive effect Jerusalem artichoke to increase the yield of the finished product by 5.20…26.34 %. Research of the main quality indicators of experimental samples confirm that according to the set of indicators, the optimal sample is 10 % of Jerusalem artichoke puree, which makes it possible to recommend it for the production of yeast bakery products of high biological value.
Hox genes and animal regeneration Novikova, E. L.; Bakalenko, N. I.; Nesterenko, A. Y. ...
Russian journal of developmental biology,
07/2016, Letnik:
47, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The concept of regeneration is intimately associated with ideas about positional information, that is, the distribution of various signals prescribing cells their location in an embryo or an adult ...organism. Hox genes are perfect candidates for the role of factors creating positional information. Their main function is thought to be regionalization of the embryo and the determination of the anterior/posterior (A/P) axis of the bilaterian body according to the rules of temporal and spatial colinearity. At the same time, Hox genes are also expressed postembryonically and may participate in various processes in the adult body. In particular, Hox genes are involved in regeneration, as shown on animals from different evolutionary clades. During reparation Hox genes are responsible for regionalization and specification of the newly formed structures, which reflects their embryonic role. This is not all, however. Hox transcription patterns in some adult organisms and their expression dynamics after damage suggest that Hox genes are involved in creating positional information in the adult body. This information is necessary for consistent reparation, while its fast reorganization may accelerate the reparative process.
Electrostatic effects in lysine and polylysine adsorption at lipid membrane surface were studied. Electrokinetic measurements demonstrated that lysine induces similar dose-dependent changes of ...zeta-potential in suspensions of liposomes made from cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS). These changes correlate well with numerical description of diffuse part of electric double layer by Gouy-Chapman-Stern model in assumption that both potassium cation and lysine molecules determine the ionic strength of the media. Good agreement with the electrokinetic data was found with the isotherm constructed for lysine distribution between bilayer and water with low constant (
K
d
= 1.2 × 10
−3
M
−1
) independently of potassium adsorption (
K
= 1 M
−1
) on lipid molecules or for their competitive adsorption with the same constants. Lysine adsorption induces total boundary potential changes of planar bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) from the same lipids registered by the method of intramembranous field compensation. In contrast to surface potential of liposomes in electrokinetic experiments the total boundary potential of BLM remains unchanged up to concentration of lysine that is about 1.5 orders of magnitude higher. This fact corresponds to changes in opposite directions of surface and dipole components of boundary potential. They compensate each other to some extent when lysine adsorbs at the surface. This explanation was supported by molecular dynamic simulation of bilayers from DOPS in the presence of lysine. According to the MD-simulations, the compensation effect can be attributed to lysine effect on hydrogen bonds of water molecules with phosphate groups of lipids but not with carboxylic groups. A similar “compensation effect” was expected and observed with membranes from CL and PS. The amplitude of dipole effect was about 40 mV due to the lysine-lipid interactions and corresponded well to the amplitude of the slow phase in the boundary potential changes induced by polylysine adsorption on planar BLM. This phase can be attributed to polypeptide conformational changes and/or lipid bilayer restructuring phenomena.
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