Este artigo aborda o êxito da pedagogia colaborativa do tambor de crioula no componente curricular Prática de Conjunto III (2015.2) no curso de Licenciatura em Música da Universidade Federal do ...Maranhão (UFMA). A referida prática teve como inovação a flexibilização de hierarquias na relação professor/aluno, tanto no que diz respeito a quem detém o conhecimento musical como em relação à metodologia empregada para transmiti-lo. Isto só foi possível através da criação de um ambiente de cooperação onde alunos cotistas, herdeiros das tradições musicais afro-maranhenses, puderam compartilhar seus conhecimentos e visões de mundo com o restante da turma, assumindo de forma inédita o protagonismo no processo educativo. Práticas pedagógico-musicais multiculturais, como esta, estão fundadas na ideia de que o ensino de música deve assumir seu papel político na construção da justiça social, cidadania, democracia e redução das desigualdades étnico-raciais, já a partir da formação de professores de música. Tais ideias vêm ganhado força nas áreas de educação musical e etnomusicologia (LUCAS et al., 2016. QUEIROZ, 2017. CAMPBELL, 2018), porém sua concretização encontra resistência nas rígidas estruturas institucionais e disposições conservadoras arraigadas nos cursos superiores de música no Brasil. Conclui-se que apenas a partir da transformação das instituições formadoras de professores de música se pode, com a atuação dos futuros educadores musicais, contribuir para dirimir preconceitos e promover a inclusão de epistemologias historicamente desprezadas.
This article addresses the favorable outcome of the collaborative pedagogy methodology for the tambor de crioula in Ensemble Practice III (2015.2), a curricular course in the music teaching ...certification program at the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA). This pedagogical method was innovated to increase the hierarchical flexibility between student-teacher relationships both in terms of who owns the musical knowledge and the teaching method used to transmit it. This was only made possible by the creation of a cooperative environment where the quota students, heirs of Afro-Maranhense musical traditions, could share their knowledge and worldviews with their classmates and teacher, taking on an unprecedented role in the educational process. Multicultural pedagogical practices such this, are founded on the belief that the teaching of music should exercise its political role in the construction of social justice, citizenship, democracy, and the reduction of the ethnic-racial inequality and should begin during the university teacher training programs. Such ideas have gained momentum in academic fields like music education and ethnomusicology (LUCAS et al., 2016. QUEIROZ, 2017. CAMPBELL, 2018), however, its full incorporation finds resistance from rigid institutional structures and conservative dispositions rooted in college-level music programs in Brazil. We conclude that only by transforming music teacher training institutions that we will be able to contribute, through the work of future music educators, to end prejudice and promote the inclusion of historically rejected epistemologies.
TOP2A encodes for topoisomerase IIα, a nuclear enzyme that controls DNA topological structure and cell cycle progression. This enzyme is a marker of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic ...tissues; however, little information is available about its expression in prostate cancer (PCa).
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was automated using mouse monoclonal antibody against TOP2A (clone SWT3D1; DAKO, Carpenteria, CA, USA) at dilution 1:800 and Flex Plus detection system in autostainer 48Ultra (DAKO). FISH was performed using TOP2A (17q21)/ CEP17 probe kit (Kreateck Biotechnology, San Diego, CA, USA). Biochemical and pathological data from 193 patients with PCa were retrieved for the analysis, whose significance was considered when p < 0.05. Also, fractal analysis was performed in a subset of 20 randomly selected cases.
TOP2A protein expression correlated with higher Gleason scores and higher levels of preoperative PSA (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011). Patients with higher levels of TOP2A presented shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, we found that TOP2A remained an independent prognostic factor of BRFS, with a relative risk of 1.98 (p = 0.001; 95% CI, 1.338-2.93); thus, cases that expressed high levels of this enzyme had a shorter BRFS compared with TOP2A-negative or TOP2A-low cases. No alterations in TOP2A gene status nor correlation between FISH and IHC results were observed. Concerning fractal analysis, patients who expressed higher levels of TOP2A have angiolymphatic invasion and presented higher Gleason scores (p = 0.033 and p = 0.025, respectively). Also, patients with higher expression of TOP2A presented shorter BRFS (p = 0.001).
This is the first study to perform TOP2A protein and gene digital assessment and fractal analysis in association with BRFS in a large series of PCa. Also, we show that TOP2A gene copy number alterations are not observed in this type of tumor. So, higher protein expression of TOP2A is not related to gene amplification in PCa. Furthermore, TOP2A protein assessment has prognostic importance and, due to its relation with poor outcome, TOP2A IHC evaluation in the biopsy can represent an important tool for selecting the most suitable surgical and clinical approach for patients with PCa.
In the present investigation, the use of a bainitic steel for forged gears applications and the suitability of different plasma nitriding treatments is discussed. The gears were forged, machined, ...ground, polished, and nitrided at 500 °C with three sets of N2–H2 gas mixtures, containing 5, 24, and 76 vol.% N2, to develop a nitrided case of approximately 300 μm depth. Gears were characterized before and after the nitriding concerning the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, fracture toughness, and residual stresses states. Pitting wear tests were performed on a standard Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebebau (FZG) test rig. The nitrided gears with 24 and 76 vol.% N2 formed a biphasic compound layer of ε-Fe2-3(C)N and γ′-Fe4N. As the volume fraction of nitrogen in the gas mixture was decreased, the detected content of γ′-Fe4N in the compound layer increased, but a monophasic compound layer was only reached with 5 vol.% N2. The nitrogen rich gas composition increased the surface hardness and decreased the fracture toughness of the compound layer, as they have more ε-Fe2-3(C)N. The diffusion zone of the different nitrided surfaces showed residual compressive stresses. The best performance was obtained in the nitrided gears with 24 vol.% N2, due to the better combination between the surface hardness, fracture toughness, residual stresses, and compound layer thickness. The nitrided gears with 24 vol.% N2 have ten times improvement over the non-nitrided gears, while the nitrided gears with 5 and 76 vol.% N2 have an improvement of three point seven and five point four times.
The repair of bone fractures is a clinical challenge for patients with impaired healing, such as osteoporosis. Currently, different strategies have been developed to design new biomaterials, ...enhancing their interactions with biological systems and conducting the cellular behavior in the desired direction to help fracture healing. In the present work, hydroxyapatite-graphene oxide (HA-GO) nanocomposites were produced and the morphological and physicochemical influences of the addition of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% of GO to HA were observed. FEG-SEM and TEM analyses of HA-GO nanocomposites showed HA nanoparticles adhered to the surface of the GO sheets, suggesting an effective method to form nanostructured graphene-based biomaterials. As confirmation, physicochemical analyses by Raman, FTIR and TGA demonstrated a strong affinity between HA and GO, according to the increase of concentration from 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% GO in the HA-GO nanocomposites. Also, in order to evaluate the HA-GO nanocomposites behavior under biological microenvironment, in vitro bioactivity and indirect cytotoxicity tests were performed. FEG-SEM analyses confirmed the positive results for the bioactivity properties of HA-GO nanocomposite and indirect cytotoxicity demonstrated that even with a decrease in the hDPSCs viability and proliferation, when increasing to 1.5 wt% of GO concentration, high level of cell viability was exhibited by HA-GO nanocomposites. These biological results suggested the 0.5 wt% HA-GO nanocomposite as a potential bioactive bone graft and a promising biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration, when compared to the pure HA.
PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic, oxidative stress (OS), and nitric oxide (NO) responses to a submaximal isometric exercise session (IES) involving large muscle mass.
...METHODSFourteen hypertensive (HTGage = 35.9 ± 8.1 yr, height = 1.73 ± 0.10 m, total body mass = 78.0 ± 15.8 kg) and 10 normotensive (NTGage = 41.1 ± 9.4 yr, height = 1.71 ± 0.12 m, total body mass = 82.3 ± 22.4 kg) participants performed two experimental sessions in the leg press and bench press(i) control session and (ii) 8 sets × 1 min contraction at 30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction with 2-min rest interval. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest and during 60 min postexercise. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after the session, and 60 min postexercise. NO was obtained through the Griess reaction method. OS parameters were analyzed using commercial kits. A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze all dependent variables.
RESULTSA significant decrease in systolic BP was observed only for HTG at 45 and 60 min postexercise (baseline vs 45 minP = 0.03, Δ% = 4.44%; vs 60 minP = 0.018, Δ% = 5.58%). NO increased immediately postexercise only for HTG (P = 0.008, Δ% = 16.44%). Regarding OS parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances presented a significant reduction 60 min after the IES for NTG and HTG; catalase increased in both groups.
CONCLUSIONSThe data showed that only 8 min of IES with a large muscle mass elicits an elevated pro-oxidant activity leading to a greater NO bioavailability, increases antioxidant reaction, and consequently reduces BP in hypertensive patients.
Penile carcinoma (PC) is more frequent in underdeveloped countries, generally is diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are restricted, and thus is associated with high ...morbidity/mortality rates. Recent studies have demonstrated clinical benefits with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted therapy in PC patients, although there is no test that provides accurate patient selection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of EGFR gene and protein status in tumor samples from patients with primary penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We assessed the expression of wild-type and two mutant EGFR isoforms (delA746-E750 and mL858R) by immunohistochemistry in 139 samples, of which 49 were also evaluated for EGFR copy number by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Positive immunohistochemical staining of wild-type and mutant EGFR was evidenced by complete and strong membranous staining. For FISH analysis, cases were considered unaltered, polysomic, or amplified, as determined by signals of the EGFR gene and chromosome 7. An independent cohort of 107 PC samples was evaluated for mutations in EGFR , KRAS , and BRAF . Protein overexpression was noted in nearly half of the cases and was associated with cancer recurrence (P = .004) and perineural invasion (P = .005). Expression of the two mutated EGFR isoforms was not observed. The FISH status was not associated with protein expression. Altered FISH (polysomy and gene amplification) was an independent risk factor for dying of cancer. Only one patient of 107 presented KRAS mutations, and no mutations of EGFR or BRAF were observed.
•Cryptococcosis treatment is difficult and new therapies need to be developed.•Probiotic and aPDT alternative therapies against cryptococcosis are proposed.•Both probiotic and aPDT did not improve ...the survival of mice with cryptococcosis.•This study highlights the importance of correlating in vitro and in vivo therapies.•Negative results may help in tests of new therapies against cryptococcosis.
Cryptococcosis, an invasive fungal infection distributed worldwide that affects both domestic and wild animals, has incredible rates regarding treatment failure, leading to the necessity of the development of new therapies. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus paracasei ST-11, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) and antimicrobial photodynamic alternative therapies against Cryptococcus gattii in a murine model. Although previous studies suggest that these therapies can be promising against cryptococcosis, our experimental conditions for both probiotic and antimicrobial photodynamic therapies (aPDT) were not able to improve the survival of mice with cryptococcosis, even with the treatment combined with fluconazole. Our results may help other researchers to find the best protocol to test alternative therapies against Cryptococcus gattii.
To evaluate the reliability of novel brightfield microscopy-based dual in situ hybridization (BDISH) methods for frontline HER2 status analysis in selected suboptimally preserved breast cancer tissue ...samples reflecting of the worst scenario in a community.
A total of 320 morphologically poorly preserved breast invasive ductal carcinomas from the archives of 2 tertiary institutions in Brazil were selected for a tissue microarray-based analysis. 4B5 antibody was used for immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DuoCISH, ZytoDot CISH, and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) were performed and compared. The highest agreement was observed between SISH and FISH. In addition, SISH was easier to assess in both amplified and nonamplified cases when compared with the other chromogenic methods, due to the sharpness of its dots. DuoCISH produced false-positive results, associated with thicker ill-defined dots, causing poor distinction between nonamplification and low amplification. ZytoDot CISH showed lower sensitivity, with increased frequency of false-positive results.
SISH is the most reliable of the BDISH methods, with sensitivity and specificity highly comparable with FISH. It is also less deleterious than other BDISH methods, producing signals that were more distinct and therefore more readily analyzable even in poorly preserved tissue.
Several studies in the literature propose using machine learning algorithms to forecast consumers’ energy consumption. However, such data is sensitive and has privacy constraints. On the other hand, ...federated learning is a technique in which the training of machine learning algorithms is performed locally, where the data is generated. In this context, this article presents a hybrid neural network architecture, named CNN-LSTM FED, trained using the public Smart* and The Building Data Genome Project 2 datasets. Additionally, an augmented Smart* dataset was generated using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The performance of CNN-LSTM FED was evaluated by comparing it against the MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP), which serves as a baseline, and against a non-federated version of the CNN-LSTM FED, named CNN-LSTM. Our approach was able to generalize the model even when less than 1% of buildings participated in the modeling process, forecasting with good results the energy consumption of other buildings. Furthermore, the deployment of this architecture in an edge computing device, with limited computational resources for training, is evaluated.
PDF
