Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases Hoang, Duc M.; Pham, Phuong T.; Bach, Trung Q. ...
Signal transduction and targeted therapy,
08/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human ...pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is one of the most examined deltas in the world given its dynamics, complexity, and vulnerability. In the past decades, the VMD has changed rapidly, especially the ...land use in relation with the socioeconomic development. National policy has profoundly influenced these changes and the changes have significantly affected local livelihoods. However, these changes are not well reported systematically. In this study, we investigate land‐use changes based on institutional analyses across multiple scales, that is, from national, provincial, to local livelihood based on institutional and sustainability analysis. The results show a strong relationship between legal settings over the last 30 years on land use and livelihood transitions. In addition, the constraints of implementing national legal frameworks at provincial level in practice were identified including effects to local livelihoods. We offer some recommendations for sustainable livelihoods in the VMD, with a focus on increasing socioecological resilience.
The incorporation of straw into soil has been encouraged as an alternative straw‐disposal strategy to the on‐site burning that occurs in many paddy regions. However, this practice may lead to changes ...in the colloidal properties of soil clays that potentially intensify clay and nutrient losses. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of engineered microsized straw powder on the colloidal properties of two soil clays, that is, illitic and kaolinitic soil clays. Dynamic light scattering was coupled with the test tube method to evaluate time‐resolved changes in the particle size, zeta potential and dispersibility for the suspensions of straw powder and its mixtures with illitic and kaolinitic soil clays. Data from kinetic experiments over a time span of 20 days revealed that straw powder remarkably increased the dispersibility of soil clays. It was found that straw particles carried negative charges; thus, the introduction of straw powder into the clay suspensions increased the number of negative charges in the system, thereby increasing internal repulsive forces and eventually favouring clay dispersion. Moreover, certain mutual processes, that is, the biodegradation and dissolution of phytoliths (silica in straw), resulted in the release of dissolved organic matter and silicon, which aggravated clay dispersibility. In addition to the “traditional” awareness of the impacts of straw incorporation, for example, creating toxic, reduced environments or increasing CH4 emissions, the changes in the colloidal properties of soil clays should also be highlighted. We propose that the incorporation of straw requires additional solutions for the prevention of clay loss.
Highlights
Straw powder was examined for possible effect on colloidal properties of soil clays
It was found that straw particles carried negative charges
Introduction of straw powder increase repulsive forces and favor clay dispersion
Microorganism, B. amyloliquefaciens, enhances the effect of straw powder
Pork and pork products are important staple food in the diet of Vietnamese consumers. The safety of pork, including biological contamination, is a concern to several public authorities and value ...chain actors. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify Salmonella and total bacterial count (TBC) contamination of cut pork sold in different outlets, and determine the potential factors leading to contamination. A total of 671 pork samples were collected from different retail channels in three provinces in Northern Vietnam. Hygiene conditions and practices at pork vending premises were also observed and recorded. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Overall, Salmonella prevalence in retailed pork was 58.1%. Salmonella contamination in pork from traditional retail, modern retail and food services were 60.5%, 50.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Eighty percent and 68% of fresh pork in canteen and street food was contaminated with Salmonella. Only a small proportion of a subset of the pork samples (6.2%) tested met the Vietnamese standard requirement for TBC contamination. Average concentration of TBC in fresh pork in traditional retail, modern retail and food services were 6.51 (SD: 0.64), 6.38 (0.65), and 6.96 (0.85) LogCFU/g, respectively. Transport time, use of the same tools for pork and other types of meat, storage temperature, and environment hygiene are important factors that might affect microbial contamination. The findings underline the high level of microbial contamination, which requires practical interventions to improve food safety hygiene practices and behavior of pork retailers.
•Overall, 58.1% of retailed pork in Vietnam was contaminated with Salmonella.•6.2% pork samples met the Vietnamese standard requirement for TBC contamination.•Transport time, pork arrangement, storage condition and environment hygiene could affect microbial contamination.
Primary (or de novo) anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is ATC without pre-existing history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and no co-existing DTC foci at the time of diagnosis. Secondary ...ATC is diagnosed if the patient had a history of DTC or co-existing DTC components at time of diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical presentations, outcomes, and genetic backgrounds of primary versus secondary ATCs. We searched for ATCs in our institutional databases and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the genetic alterations of primary and secondary ATCs. From our multi-institutional database, 22 primary and 23 secondary ATCs were retrieved. We also identified 620 and 24 primary and secondary ATCs in the SEER database, respectively. Compared to primary ATCs, secondary ATCs were not statistically different in terms of demographic, clinical manifestations, and patient survival. The only clinical discrepancy between the two groups was a significantly larger tumor diameter of the primary ATCs. The prevalence of
TERT
promoter,
PIK3CA,
and
TP53
mutations was comparable between the two subtypes. In comparison to primary ATCs, however,
BRAF
mutations were more prevalent (OR = 4.70; 95% CI = 2.84–7.78) whereas
RAS
mutations were less frequent (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.21–0.85) in secondary tumors. In summary, our results indicated that de novo and secondary ATCs might share many potential developmental steps, but there are other factors that suggest distinct developmental pathways.
Abstract
The nanoparticles of bentonite can be easily synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with microwave-assisted method. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, EDS, and DLS. ...Results have revealed that the nano-bentonite was in nanometer scale with particles size of 200–300 nm. The SEM analysis of the nano-bentonite dispersion showed that a decrease in agglomeration and surface roughness. The nano-bentonite possessed high surface area (152.4 m
2
.g
−1
) and pore volume (0.25 cm
3
.g
−1
). Additionally, nanocomposite hydrogels (NB/PAA) were synthesized through the free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid (PAA) in the presence of the as-synthesized nano-bentonite (NB). The presence of NB in hydrogel matrix may improve the tensile strength of hydrogel. The tensile strength of the hydrogel increases from 0.294 to 1.609 MPa when NB content was 1.0% (NB10/PAA). Under the optimum conditions, the nanocomposite hydrogels (NB10/PAA) exhibited high water absorption capacity of 420.0
g
w
a
t
e
r
.
g
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
l
−
1
.
These findings contribute to the sustainable development and green chemistry.
This study aimed to identify potential genetic diversity among African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains circulating in central and southern Vietnam. Thirty ASFV strains were collected from domestic ...pigs and convalescent pigs with ASFV-infected clinical signs from 19 different provinces of central and southern Vietnam during 2019–2021. A portion of the B646L (p72) gene and the entire E183L (p54), CP204L (p30), and B602L (CVR) genes were amplified, purified, and sequenced. Web-based BLAST and MEGA X software were used for sequence analysis. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) gene, the full-length E183L (p54) and CP204L (p30) genes, and the central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene sequence showed that all 30 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and were 100% identical to the previously identified strains in Vietnam and China. Analysis of the p72, p54, and p30 regions did not indicate any change in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences among these strains in 3 years of research. No novel variant was found in the CVR within the B602L gene. Analysis of the CVR showed that these ASFV strains belong to subgroup XXXII. The results of this study revealed that these ASFVs shared high similarity with ASFV isolates detected previously in northern Vietnam and China. Taken together, the results of this study and a previous study in Vietnam showed high stability and no genetic diversity in the ASFV genome.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the popular drugs for treating depression and mental disorders. Membrane fluidity has previously been considered as the main factor in ...modulating the membrane partitioning of SSRIs, while other biophysical properties, such as the acyl chain order and area per lipid, were often neglected. Varying the lipid membrane composition and temperature can significantly modify the physical phase and, in turn, affect its fluidity, acyl chain order and area per lipid. Here, we investigate the role of membrane fluidity, acyl chain order and area per lipid in the partitioning of two SSRIs, paroxetine (PAX) and sertraline (SER). The model membranes were either POPC : SM (1 : 1 mol ratio) or POPC : SM : Chol (1 : 1 : 1 mol ratio) and studied in the temperature range of 25-45 °C. The order parameters and area per lipid in the two lipid mixtures were calculated using molecular dynamics simulations. The membrane partitioning of PAX and SER was determined
via
second derivative spectrophotometry. In a lower temperature range (25-32 °C), membrane fluidity favors the SSRI partitioning into L
o
/L
d
POPC:SM:Chol. In a higher temperature range (37-45 °C), the interplay between membrane fluidity, acyl chain order and area per lipid favors drug partitioning into L
d
POPC:SM. The findings offer indication for the inconsistent distribution of SSRIs in tissues as well as the possible interaction of SSRIs with lipid domains and membrane-bound proteins.
The interplay between the lipid phase, area per lipid, and acyl chain order dictates differential membrane partitioning of SSRIs.
Cyanobacteria are phototrophic organisms widely found in most types of natural habitats in the tropical regions of the world. In this study, we isolated and identified cyanobacterial strains from ...paddy soil in Hanoi (Vietnam) and investigated their cytotoxic activities. Five isolated cyanobacterial strains showed distinctive profiles of gene sequences (rRNA 16S and
rbcL
), phylogenetic placements, and morphological characteristics. Based on the polyphasic evaluation, they were classified as
Scytonema bilaspurense
NK13,
Hapalosiphon welwitschii
MD2411,
Aulosira
sp. XN1103,
Desikacharya
sp. NS2000, and
Desmonostoc
sp. NK1813. The cytotoxic screening revealed that the extract of strain
Scytonema bilaspurense
NK13 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against four human cell lines of HeLa cells, OVCAR-8 cells, HaCaT cells, and HEK-293T cells, with IC
50
values of 3.8, 34.2, 21.6, and 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. This is the first time a well-classified
Scytonema
strain from tropical habitat in Southeast Asia has been recognized as a potential producer of cytotoxic compounds.
Surveillance and outbreak reporting systems in Vietnam required improvements to function effectively as early warning and response systems. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health of Vietnam, in ...collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a pilot project in 2016 focusing on community and hospital event–based surveillance. The pilot was implemented in 4 of Vietnam’s 63 provinces. The pilot demonstrated that event-based surveillance resulted in early detection and reporting of outbreaks, improved collaboration between the healthcare facilities and preventive sectors of the ministry, and increased community participation in surveillance and reporting.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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