Samples of the bimetallic-based NH2-MIL-125(Ti) at a ratio of Mn+/Ti4+ is 0.15 (Mn+: Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) were first synthesized using the solvothermal method. Their fundamental properties were ...analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The as-acquired materials were used as high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light. The results verified that 82.4% of the RhB (3 × 10−5 M) was degraded within 120 min by 15% Fe/Ti−MOFs. Furthermore, in the purpose of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), the rate constant for the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs was found to be 2.6 times as fast as that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Moreover, the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs photocatalysts remained stable after three consecutive cycles. The trapping test demonstrated that the major active species in the degradation of the RhB process were hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and holes (h+).
Diosmetin (DT) exhibits various biological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, estrogenic, and, most notably, anti‐inflammatory properties. Although it has a great deal of ...promise for advancement in therapeutic usage, DT has yet to be the subject of many applicable investigations in the realm of pharmacology or medicine in oral or dermal form due to the drawback of being insoluble in water. In this study, the fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (CMC/PVA) nanofibers loaded with diosmetin (DT) using an electrospinning process was conducted to increase the solubility of DT. After electrospinning, PVA, CMC, and DT are a combination under fixed conditions, providing nano DT fibres having a smooth, homogeneous, non‐granular shape and uniform size of P11C2DT fibre (151 nm) with 82.8 % drug loading efficiency. The nanofibrous membrane P11C2DT was characterized via several physicochemical analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, the nanofibrous membrane carrier dissolved approximately 85 % of the medication in the release medium after 5 h, starkly contrasting to the powdered form of DT, which did not dissolve in the test environment.
Using electrospinning, PVA, CMC, and diosmetin were employed as matrix polymers to fabricate fiber films (P11C2DT). The FT‐IR, XRD, TGA, and DSC analyses confirmed the presence of DT either in an amorphous state or effectively distributed within P11C2DT. Tt obtained a drug loading efficiency of 82.8 % and a drug dissolution of 85 % within 5 h in a pH 7.4 environment.
The mosquito
is a transmission vector for dangerous epidemic diseases in humans. Insecticides have been used as the most general vector control method in the world. However,
have developed many ...resistant mechanisms such as reduced neuronal sensitivity to insecticides (target-site resistance), enhanced insecticide metabolism (metabolic resistance), altered transport, sequestration, and other mechanisms. It has become a major problem for vector control programs. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to compare transcription levels between a susceptible strain (Bora7) and a resistant strain (KhanhHoa7) collected from the field. A total of 161 million Illumina reads, including 66,076,678 reads from the Bora7 strain and 69,606,654 reads from the KhanhHoa7 strain, were generated and assembled into 11,174 genes. A comparison of the KhanhHoa7 transcriptome to that of Bora7 showed 672 upregulated genes and 488 downregulated genes. We identified the highly upregulated genes: cytochrome P450
,
,
,
,
isoform X2,
,
isoform X2,
,
,
,
, and
; Glutathione S transferase (GST1), UGT1-3, 1-7, 2B15, and 2B37; binding cassette transporter (ABC) transporter F family member 4 and ABC transporter G family member 20. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the expression of the genes such as
(8.3-fold),
(5.9-fold),
(5.4-fold),
(5.4-fold),
(5.2-fold),
(3.5-fold), and ABC transporter 4 (2.1-fold). Our results suggested a potential relationship between the expression of the genes in metabolic processes and insecticide resistance in the studied strain. These results may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in
.
Removing antibiotics from water is critical to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, protect ecosystems, and maintain the effectiveness of these vital medications. The ...combination of ozone and electrocoagulation in wastewater treatment provides enhanced removal of contaminants, improved disinfection efficiency, and increased overall treatment effectiveness. In this work, the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from an aqueous solution using an ozone-electrocoagulation (O-EC) system was optimized and modeled. The experiments were designed according to the central composite design. The parameters, including current density, reaction time, pH, and ozone dose affecting the SMX removal efficiency of the OEC system, were optimized using a response surface methodology. The results show that the removal process was accurately predicted by the quadric model. The numerical optimization results show that the optimum conditions were a current density of 33.2 A/m
, a time of 37.8 min, pH of 8.4, and an ozone dose of 0.7 g/h. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency reached 99.65%. A three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) with logsig-purelin transfer functions was used to model the removal process. The data predicted by the ANN model matched well to the experimental data. The calculation of the relative importance showed that pH was the most influential factor, followed by current density, ozone dose, and time. The kinetics of the SMX removal process followed the first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.12 (min
). The removal mechanism involves various processes such as oxidation and reduction on the surface of electrodes, the reaction between ozone and ferrous ions, degradation of SMX molecules, formation of flocs, and adsorption of species on the flocs. The results obtained in this work indicate that the O-EC system is a potential approach for the removal of antibiotics from water.
Abstract The Diosmetin Phytosome (Dt‐Ph) was developed to enhance the complex's aqueous solubility and in vitro drug release compared to pure Diosmetin (Dt). The process variables such as the ...reactants’ molar ratio, reaction time, stirring speed, and reaction temperature were varied to identify the most appropriate conditions for synthesis. The resulting Dt‐Ph possessed a particle size of 213.9 nm, a zeta potential of −115.1 mV, and a 95.6% encapsulation effectiveness, indicating the successful formation of the phytosome. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the surface of Dt and Dt‐Ph. The in vitro dissolution in 24 h and normal cell cytotoxic activities of the selected formulation were evaluated. The solubility of Dt‐Ph in buffered media was four times higher than Dt, indicating greater hydrophilicity of Dt‐Ph in comparison to the more lipophilic‐free drug. Additionally, the formulation showed a noticeably increased rate and extent of dissolution studies on drug release, which was two times better than Dt. Cytotoxicity results on HEK‐293A cells showed that Dt‐Ph had less impact on normal cells compared to Dt.
Chloroaluminate ionic liquid bound on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe
O
@O
SiPrMIMCl·AlCl
) was prepared and used as a heterogenous Lewis acidic catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation of aromatic ...compounds with sulfonyl chlorides or
-toluenesulfonic anhydride. The catalyst's stability, efficiency, easy recovery, and high recyclability without considerable loss of catalytic capability after four recycles were evidence of its advantages. Furthermore, the stoichiometry, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, high yield of sulfones, and solvent-free reaction condition also made this procedure practical, ecofriendly, and economical.
Five coumarins were isolated from the heartwood of
, which included two newly discovered compounds, namely 11-hydroxypopulene E (
) and mansorin D (
), along with three previously identified ...compounds. The structures were determined through the utilisation of comprehensive spectroscopic data, ECD calculations, and a thorough comparison with existing literature data. The
-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all isolated compounds were assessed in yeast. Out of the compounds tested, compound
exhibited the most significant activity, displaying a percentage inhibition of 34.33% at a concentration of 200 μM.
Endophytes can generate a cornucopia of marvelous bioactive secondary metabolites useful for mankind but their biodiversity and associations with host plants are still elusive. In this study, we ...explored the culturable endophytic microorganisms associated with 14 medicinal plants that are of high socio-economic value and/or reportedly endemic to northern Vietnam. Specifically, we isolated the endophytic microorganisms by applying surface sterilization methods and identified them based on morphological and rDNA sequence analyses. Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the correlations between the taxonomic affiliations of the culturable endophytes and the characteristics of their hosts. Most of the culturable endophytes obtained were bacteria (80), and few of those were actinomycetes (15) and fungi (8). Many of them are reported to be endophytes of medicinal plants for the first time. A number of plants (5) are also reported for the first time to contain microbial endophytes, while some plants with powerful pharmaceutical potential harbor unique endophytes. Furthermore, our results reveal a strikingly close relation between the compositions of bacterial and fungal isolates from plants having anti-bacterial activity and those from plants having anti-inflammatory activity, or between the compositions of the microbial endophytic isolates from plants having anti-cancer activity and those from plants having antioxidant activity. Altogether, the results provide new findings which can be inspiring for further in-depth studies to explore and exploit the relationships between medicinal plants and their associated endophytes in northern Vietnam and world-wide.
A biohybrid material based on poly(lactic acid)(PLA) incorporated with low contents of polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was prepared via melting process and their ...structure, morphology, mechanical performance, and thermal properties were studied in detail. SEM and TEM characterizations confirmed that the functionalization of GO with PEG (PEGmGO) promoted its exfoliation into thin exfoliated nanosheets, thereby improving the interactions between PEGmGO filler and PLA matrix at interface. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of strong polar and hydrogen bonding interactions between components in the biohybrid. Mechanical and thermal tests indicated that there was the significant improvement of the stiffness, strength, and thermal stability of such biohybrid material with the addition of 0.3 phr PEGmGO, as compared to pure PLA, PEG-plasticized PLA, PEG-plasticized PLA/GO, and other surveyed PEG-plasticized PLA/PEGmGO biohybrids. This behavior was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the PEGmGO nanofillers within PLA matrix along with their strong interfacial interaction. The as-obtained biohybrids show highly potential to be useful in the bioengineering applications.
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•A systematic review on applications of explainable AI in drug-drug interaction prediction.•Review is conducted on a comprehensive set of 94 papers from five prestigious ...databases.•Discussions on the promises and challenges of explainable AI algorithms for drug-drug interaction prediction.
Over the past decade, polypharmacy instances have been common in multi-diseases treatment. However, unwanted drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that might cause unexpected adverse drug events (ADEs) in multiple regimens therapy remain a significant issue. Since artificial intelligence (AI) is ubiquitous today, many AI prediction models have been developed to predict DDIs to support clinicians in pharmacotherapy-related decisions. However, even though DDI prediction models have great potential for assisting physicians in polypharmacy decisions, there are still concerns regarding the reliability of AI models due to their black-box nature. Building AI models with explainable mechanisms can augment their transparency to address the above issue. Explainable AI (XAI) promotes safety and clarity by showing how decisions are made in AI models, especially in critical tasks like DDI predictions. In this review, a comprehensive overview of AI-based DDI prediction, including the publicly available source for AI-DDIs studies, the methods used in data manipulation and feature preprocessing, the XAI mechanisms to promote trust of AI, especially for critical tasks as DDIs prediction, the modeling methods, is provided. Limitations and the future directions of XAI in DDIs are also discussed.
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