The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic affects people's health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially in those who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). We ...examined the effect of modifications of health literacy (HL) on depression and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 February to 2 March 2020. 3947 participants were recruited from outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers across Vietnam. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including participants' characteristics, clinical parameters, health behaviors, HL, depression, and HRQoL. People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood (OR, 2.88;
< 0.001), lower HRQoL-score (B, -7.92;
< 0.001). In comparison to people without S-COVID-19-S and low HL, those with S-COVID-19-S and low HL had 9.70 times higher depression likelihood (
< 0.001), 20.62 lower HRQoL-score (
< 0.001), for the people without S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in 5% lower depression likelihood (
< 0.001) and 0.45 higher HRQoL-score (
< 0.001), while for those people with S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in a 4% lower depression likelihood (
= 0.004) and 0.43 higher HRQoL-score (
< 0.001). People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood and lower HRQoL than those without. HL shows a protective effect on depression and HRQoL during the epidemic.
Iron metal-framework MIL−88B(Fe) (chemical formula: Fe3O C6H4(CO2)23OH.nH2O) has received much attention as a promising catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes. Unfortunately, some MOFs suffer ...from a deficiency of stability; thus, limiting their range of applications. To handle this problem, we attempted to replace Fe3+ ions with other metal ions at different ratios to improve the photocatalytic performance. Briefly, M/Fe−MOFs (M = Ni, Mg and Sn) with remarkably different properties were obtained using the microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The morphology of the synthesized bimetallic metal-organic frameworks was characterized by SEM and TEM; while their physical and chemical properties were defined by XRD, FT−IR, Raman, XPS, UV–vis DRS, and BET. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared materials was explored through the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B (RhB), crystal violet (CV), methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB)) under irradiation of visible light was explored. The result showed that 10%Ni/Fe-MOF sample achieved above 96 % of RhB removal after 120 min of irradiation. The effects of pH solution, catalyst dosage and RhB concentration on RhB decomposition efficiency were carefully investigated. Furthermore, the present study has proposed a mechanism of RhB dye degradation reaction by bimetallic MOFs catalysts. Additionally, the free radical scavenging experiment has found that OH• and h+ radicals took the main responsibility for RhB decomposition. The stability and reliability of 10%Ni/Fe-MOF were also evaluated via the leaching and reusability tests. Interestingly, the photocatalyst performance experienced a negligible reduction after five consecutive usages. The results are expected to broaden the knowledge of bimetallic MOF synthesis and its applications.
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•Bimetallic M/Fe−MOFs (M = Ni, Mg and Sn) were synthesized microwave-assisted solvothermal method•10%Ni/Fe-MOF achieved above 96 % of rhodamine B (RhB) removal after irradiation for 120 min•A mechanism of RhB dye degradation reaction by bimetallic MOFs catalysts has been proposed•The photocatalyst performance experienced negligible reduction after five consecutive usages.
Herein, a facile strategy to fabricate the novel manganese oxide-imprinted mesoporous carbons (MOPCx, x presents for pyrolysis temperature) was described via the direct pyrolysis of Mn2(BDC)2(DMF)2 ...(BDC = 1,4–benzenedicarboxylate, DMF = N,N–dimethylformamide) as a self-sacrificed template at various temperatures (x = 550, 750, and 950 °C). The characterization results demonstrated the existence of MnO embedded in carbon structures with different morphologies, and enhancing surface areas (249.86–294.67 m2/g) compared with their precursor (3.59 m2/g). For methylene blue adsorption experiments, the MOPC pyrolyzed at 950 °C (MOPC950) revealed the best candidate with maximum uptake capacity (124.1 mg/g), so far higher than other MOPCx and Mn2(BDC)2(DMF)2 materials. Finally, adsorption mechanisms involving H-bond, and π–π interaction were proposed via the chemisorption between surface functional groups (carboxyl, phenol, lactone, and base).
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•Novel MOPCx nanomaterials were facilely synthesized under various temperatures.•Kinetic and isotherm of methylene blue adsorption onto MOPCx were investigated.•Surface functional groups on MOPCx play a crucial role in methylene blue adsorption.•MOPC950 reached the highest Qm value, at 124.1 mg/g.
•Bimetallic Al/Fe Metal-Organic Framework (Al/Fe-MOF) was synthesized by the microwave-assistant method.•Al/Fe-MOF showed excellent photocatalytic activity with the rate constant of 2.8 × 10−2 ...min−1.•Al/Fe-MOF showed high stability after three cycles.•The reaction mechanism of rhodamine B photodegradation process over Al/Fe-MOF also investigated.
MIL–88B(Fe) (MIL: Materials Institute Lavoisier) and bimetallic Al/Fe Metal-Organic Framework (Al/Fe-MOF) were synthesized by the microwave-assistant method. The as-synthesized samples were used as an effective catalyst for photo-Fenton degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The Al/Fe-MOF catalyst caused to degrade more than 96% of RhB in up to 120 min with the rate of reaction reached 2.8 × 10−2 min−1, while the rate achieved using MIL–88B(Fe) reached 1.2 × 10−2 min−1. Besides, the reaction mechanism of RhB photo-Fenton degradation process over Al/Fe-MOF also investigated. These results indicate that Al/Fe-MOF has been considered as a potential catalyst for wastewater treatment.
The present study utilized chemically modified porous carbon (CMPC) as a robust adsorbent for MB treatment. The characteristic findings revealed the existence of many functional groups (C-O/C = O, ...C-C/C = C, C-OH, - COOH, C-C = O, etc.) on the surface of the high-defect structure of CMPC. Additionally, influential factors: methylene blue (MB) concentration (116-284 mg/L), CMPC dosage (0.16-1.84 g/L), and pH (3.6-10.4) were assessed by response surface methodology. By applying optimized conditions, the highest MB removal and adsorption capacity were confirmed at 90% and 181.82 mg/g, respectively. Role of surface functional groups in adsorption mechanisms was meticulously explained.
As a leading global city with a high population density, Singapore is at risk for the introduction of novel biological threats. This risk has been recently reinforced by human epidemics in Singapore ...of SARS coronavirus, 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus, and enterovirus 71. Other major threats to Singapore include MERS-coronavirus and various avian and swine influenza viruses. The ability to quickly identify and robustly track such threats to initiate an early emergency response remains a significant challenge. In an effort to enhance respiratory virus surveillance in Singapore, our team conducted a pilot study employing a noninvasive bioaerosol sampling method to detect respiratory viruses in Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network. Over a period of 52 weeks, 89 aerosol samples were collected during peak MRT ridership hours. Nine (10%) tested positive for adenovirus, four (4.5%) tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus type A, and one (1%) tested positive for influenza A virus using real-time RT-PCR/PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first time molecular evidence for any infectious respiratory agent has been collected from Singapore's MRT. Our pilot study data support the possibility of employing bioaerosol samplers in crowded public spaces to noninvasively monitor for respiratory viruses circulating in communities.
The occurrence and fate of antibiotic compounds in water can adversely affect human and animal health; hence, the removal of such substrates from soil and water is indispensable. Herein, we described ...the synthesis method of mesoporous carbon (MPC) via the pyrolysis route from a coordination polymer Fe-based MIL-53 (or MIL-53, shortly). The MPC structure was analyzed by several physical techniques such as SEM, TEM, BET, FT–IR, VSM, and XRD. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find out the effects of initial concentration, MPC dosage, and pH on the removal efficiency of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotics in water. Under the optimized conditions, the removal efficiencies of TMP and SMX were found to be 87% and 99%, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies showed that chemisorption and the monolayer adsorption controlled the adsorption process. The leaching test and recyclability studies indicated that the MPC structure was stable and can be reused for at least four times without any considerable change in the removal efficiency. Plausible adsorption mechanisms were also addressed in this study. Because of high maximum adsorption capacity (85.5 mg/g and 131.6 mg/g for TMP and SMX, respectively) and efficient reusability, MPC is recommended to be a potential adsorbent for TMP and SMX from water media.
Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is a major cause of death and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, however, the etiologic agents are often undetermined due to the lack of molecular ...diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. To examine evidence for select viral infections among patients with SARI in northern Vietnam, we studied 348 nasopharyngeal samples from military and civilian patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the greater Hanoi area from 2017-2019. Initial screening for human respiratory viral pathogens was performed in Hanoi, Vietnam at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) or the Military Institute of Preventative Medicine (MIPM), and an aliquot was shipped to Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore for validation. Patient demographics were recorded and used to epidemiologically describe the infections. Among military and civilian cases of SARI, 184 (52.9%) tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Influenza A virus was the most prevalent virus detected (64.7%), followed by influenza B virus (29.3%), enterovirus (3.8%), adenovirus (1.1%), and coronavirus (1.1%). Risk factor analyses demonstrated an increased risk of influenza A virus detection among military hospital patients (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2), and an increased risk of influenza B virus detection among patients enrolled in year 2017 (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.7-22.9). As influenza A and B viruses were commonly associated with SARI and are treatable, SARI patients entering these hospitals would benefit if the hospitals were able to adapt onsite molecular diagnostics.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper explores the alignment of assessment practices in universities and lifelong learning as a key process and outcome for expansive student development. It outlines Boud's approach to ...assessment, operationalises this to analyse practices in two contrasting national contexts: the sociology departments of the Midlands University in the UK and Nam Du University in Vietnam, and reframes this framework as a guide to improving practices and better-supporting lifelong learning. The paper thus contributes to recent debates about sustainable assessment and how to change assessment to better support students for lifelong learning in different countries. The findings suggest that although more elements were found at Midlands University than Nam Du University, assessment in both cases was an imperfect realisation of this framework. Nonetheless, the paper argues that the framework can offer guidance for changes to align assessment practices with lifelong learning, but to do this it should be adapted to the education context and also expanded to include explicit social commitments to others for expansive lifelong learning.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Background
Newly emergent and virulent strains of H7N9 avian influenza virus are rapidly spreading in China and threaten to invade Vietnam. We sought to introduce aerosol sampling for avian ...influenza viruses in Vietnam.
Methods
During October 2017, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 2-stage aerosol samplers were assembled on a tripod and run for 4 hours. Concomitantly, up to 20 oropharyngeal (OP) swab samples were collected from chickens and ducks distanced at 0.2-1.5 m from each sampler.
Results
The 3 weeks of sampling yielded 30 aerosol samples that were 90% positive for influenza A, by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 116 OP swab sample pools (5 samples per pool) that were 47% positive. Egg cultures yielded 1 influenza A virus (not H5 or H7) from aerosol and 25 influenza A viruses from OP swab sample pools (5 were H5 positive). The association between positive sample types (over time and position) was strong, with 91.7% of positive OP pooled swab samples confirmed by positive aerosol samples and 81% of influenza A positive aerosol samples confirmed by positive OP swab samples.
Conclusions
We posit that aerosol sampling might be used for early warning screening of poultry markets for novel influenza virus detection, such as H7N9. Markets with positive aerosol samples might be followed up with more focused individual bird or cage swabbing, and back-tracing could be performed later to locate specific farms harboring novel virus. Culling birds in such farms could reduce highly pathogenic avian influenza virus spread among poultry and humans.
We found strong agreement between influenza A-positive aerosol and bird swab samples. We propose that aerosol sampling might be used in concert with direct swab sample surveillance in screening poultry markets for novel influenza viruses, such as H7N9.
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