Samples of the bimetallic-based NH2-MIL-125(Ti) at a ratio of Mn+/Ti4+ is 0.15 (Mn+: Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) were first synthesized using the solvothermal method. Their fundamental properties were ...analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The as-acquired materials were used as high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light. The results verified that 82.4% of the RhB (3 × 10−5 M) was degraded within 120 min by 15% Fe/Ti−MOFs. Furthermore, in the purpose of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), the rate constant for the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs was found to be 2.6 times as fast as that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Moreover, the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs photocatalysts remained stable after three consecutive cycles. The trapping test demonstrated that the major active species in the degradation of the RhB process were hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and holes (h+).
Crinum latifolium (CL) leaf is a source of various biologically active compounds such as alkaloid and phenolic compounds, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects. In the ...purpose of expanding applications for the field of bionanotechnology, we report biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using aqueous extract from C. latifolium leaf and explore antibacterial activity and catalytic performance for degradation of pollutants. The formation of CL-AgNPs and CL-AuNPs is confirmed and optimized by UV-visible spectroscopy with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at around 402 and 539 nm, respectively. The spherical CL-AgNPs have an average diameter of 20.5 nm and the multishaped CL-AuNPs possess an average size of 17.6 nm. The actions of four bacterial strains were strongly inhibited by using the CL-AgNPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibited the excellent catalytic degradation performance of pollutants.
The impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) therapy on lipid and glucose metabolism and kidney function in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, along with its side effects on blood ...cells, remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a study that enrolled 280 patients with HCV infection who achieved sustained virologic response after treatment with DAA therapy without ribavirin to evaluate the metabolic changes, renal function, and anemia risk based on real-world data. This study was an observational prospective study with a follow-up period of 12 weeks after the initiation of DAA therapy. Data on biochemical tests, renal function, blood counts, viral load, and host genomics were recorded before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment with DAAs. DAA therapy reduced fibrosis-4 scores and improved liver function, with significant reductions in aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels. However, DAA therapy slightly increased uric acid, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C index (HbA1C) in the study group, while hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) concentrations decreased significantly (4.78 ± 21.79 g/L and 0.09% ± 0.11%, respectively). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased by 12.89 ± 39.04 mL/min/1.73m.sup.2 . Most variations were not related to the genotype, except for Hb, HCT, and HbA1C. Anemia incidence increased from 23.58% before treatment to 30.72% after treatment. Patients with HCV-1 genotype had a higher rate of anemia than did patients with genotype 6 (36.23% vs. 24.62%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of anemia was related to female sex, cirrhosis status, fibrosis-4 score, pretreatment eGFR, and pretreatment Hb level. The results of our study can provide helpful information to clinicians for the prognosis and treatment of HCV infection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chloroaluminate ionic liquid bound on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe
O
@O
SiPrMIMCl·AlCl
) was prepared and used as a heterogenous Lewis acidic catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation of aromatic ...compounds with sulfonyl chlorides or
-toluenesulfonic anhydride. The catalyst's stability, efficiency, easy recovery, and high recyclability without considerable loss of catalytic capability after four recycles were evidence of its advantages. Furthermore, the stoichiometry, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, high yield of sulfones, and solvent-free reaction condition also made this procedure practical, ecofriendly, and economical.
Abiotic stresses, including drought, detrimentally affect the growth and productivity of many economically important crop plants, leading to significant yield losses, which can result in food ...shortages and threaten the sustainability of agriculture. Balancing plant growth and stress responses is one of the most important functions of agricultural application to optimize plant production. In this study, we initially report that copper nanoparticle priming positively regulates drought stress responses in maize. The copper nanoparticle priming plants displayed enhanced drought tolerance indicated by their higher leaf water content and plant biomass under drought as compared with water-treated plants. Moreover, our data showed that the treatment of copper nanoparticle on plants increased anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents compared to water-treated plants under drought stress conditions. Additionally, histochemical analyses with nitro blue tetrazolium and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine revealed that reactive oxygen species accumulation of priming plants was decreased as a result of enhancement of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activities under drought. Furthermore, our comparative yield analysis data indicated applying copper nanoparticles to the plant increased total seed number and grain yield under drought stress conditions. Our data suggest that copper nanoparticle regulates plant protective mechanisms associated with drought tolerance, which is a promising approach for the production of drought-tolerant crop plants.
The mosquito
is a transmission vector for dangerous epidemic diseases in humans. Insecticides have been used as the most general vector control method in the world. However,
have developed many ...resistant mechanisms such as reduced neuronal sensitivity to insecticides (target-site resistance), enhanced insecticide metabolism (metabolic resistance), altered transport, sequestration, and other mechanisms. It has become a major problem for vector control programs. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to compare transcription levels between a susceptible strain (Bora7) and a resistant strain (KhanhHoa7) collected from the field. A total of 161 million Illumina reads, including 66,076,678 reads from the Bora7 strain and 69,606,654 reads from the KhanhHoa7 strain, were generated and assembled into 11,174 genes. A comparison of the KhanhHoa7 transcriptome to that of Bora7 showed 672 upregulated genes and 488 downregulated genes. We identified the highly upregulated genes: cytochrome P450
,
,
,
,
isoform X2,
,
isoform X2,
,
,
,
, and
; Glutathione S transferase (GST1), UGT1-3, 1-7, 2B15, and 2B37; binding cassette transporter (ABC) transporter F family member 4 and ABC transporter G family member 20. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the expression of the genes such as
(8.3-fold),
(5.9-fold),
(5.4-fold),
(5.4-fold),
(5.2-fold),
(3.5-fold), and ABC transporter 4 (2.1-fold). Our results suggested a potential relationship between the expression of the genes in metabolic processes and insecticide resistance in the studied strain. These results may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in
.
This study presents an efficient and facile method for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous extract of burdock root (BR),
A
.
lappa
, and their ...applications. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. AgNPs capped the BR extract (BR-AgNPs) possessed roughly spherical geometry with an average diameter of 21.3 nm while uneven geometry of AuNPs capped the BR extract (BR-AuNPs) showed multi shapes in average size of 24.7 nm. The BR-AgNPs strongly inhibited five tested microorganism strains. In particular, the nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic activity for the conversion of pollutants within wastewater. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol, methyl orange, and rhodamine B were respectively found 6.77 × 10
−3
, 3.70 × 10
−3
, and 6.07 × 10
−3
s
−1
for BR-AgNPs and 6.87 × 10
−3
, 6.07 × 10
−3
, and 7.07 × 10
−3
s
−1
for BR-AuNPs.
Graphical abstract
ᅟ
In this work, Pt-SiO2/graphene nanocomposites have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and investigated as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. Structure and morphology of these ...catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies. The Pt and SiO2 contents of these nanocomposites are determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Their electrocatalytic properties are investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy. The as-prepared nanocomposites show the improved catalytic performance, better stability and good antiposoining ability compared with Pt supported on graphene catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst containing 9.24% of SiO2 exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation with mass activity of 1047mAmg−1.
We report the first study of adsorption of a strong polycation, poly(3-methacryloylamino propyl-trimethylammonium chloride) (PMAPTAC) on nanosilica (nano-SiO2) extracted from rice husk. PMAPTAC was ...successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. PMAPTAC characteristics were found to be Mn = 1.61 × 105, Mw = 2.16 × 106, Mw/Mn = 13.4. Beta-lactam cefixime (CEF) removal was dramatically enhanced after polymer coating by pre-adsorption of PMAPTAC on nano-SiO2. The new adsorbent was dubbed PMAPTAC coated nano-SiO2 (PCNS). Required time for adsorption, PCNS dosage, pH, and KCl concentration were thoroughly optimized for CEF removal and achieved at 120 min, 10 mg/mL, 4, and 1 mM, respectively. A two-step model can be used to fit the PMAPTAC on nano-SiO2 and CEF on PCNS isotherms at different ionic strengths. Adsorption kinetics of CEF on PCNS appears to be pseudo-second-order. CEF removal using PCNS reached 89%, saturating at 10.9 mg/g. The driving force for CEF adsorption on PCNS was primarily Coulombic interaction of negative CEF species and positive surface charge of PCNS. After three reuses, CEF elimination was still greater than 85%. The influence of some organics on CEF treatment using PCNS was insignificant while CEF removal from a real hospital wastewater sample was greater than 70%. Our study indicates that a hybrid and new adsorbent based on nano-SiO2 rice husk with pre-adsorption with PMAPTAC is useful for antibiotic removal from wastewater.
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•Synthesized PMAPTAC coated nanosilica forms highly positive charge PCNS as a novel adsorbent.•The treatment of antibiotic cefixime (CEF) reached 90 % with pH 4, time for adsorption 120 min, and dosage of PCNS 10 mg/mL.•Adsorption isotherm of CEF was in accordance with two-step model while adsorption kinetic was well fitted by pseudo-second-order model.•The treatment of CEF using PCNS was greater than 85% after three regenerations.
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•A systematic review on applications of explainable AI in drug-drug interaction prediction.•Review is conducted on a comprehensive set of 94 papers from five prestigious ...databases.•Discussions on the promises and challenges of explainable AI algorithms for drug-drug interaction prediction.
Over the past decade, polypharmacy instances have been common in multi-diseases treatment. However, unwanted drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that might cause unexpected adverse drug events (ADEs) in multiple regimens therapy remain a significant issue. Since artificial intelligence (AI) is ubiquitous today, many AI prediction models have been developed to predict DDIs to support clinicians in pharmacotherapy-related decisions. However, even though DDI prediction models have great potential for assisting physicians in polypharmacy decisions, there are still concerns regarding the reliability of AI models due to their black-box nature. Building AI models with explainable mechanisms can augment their transparency to address the above issue. Explainable AI (XAI) promotes safety and clarity by showing how decisions are made in AI models, especially in critical tasks like DDI predictions. In this review, a comprehensive overview of AI-based DDI prediction, including the publicly available source for AI-DDIs studies, the methods used in data manipulation and feature preprocessing, the XAI mechanisms to promote trust of AI, especially for critical tasks as DDIs prediction, the modeling methods, is provided. Limitations and the future directions of XAI in DDIs are also discussed.
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