Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models. Methods: We isolated and identified five ...compounds in the ethanol-soluble Solanum procumbens extract (SP) with anti-inflammatory effects, including ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and vanillic acid. Additionally, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, including paw volumes, local temperatures, withdrawal latency, and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell (WBC) number from complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models. Results: We have successfully established a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose (1 mg/mL). SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes (P<0.05), prolonged withdrawal latencies (P<0.05), decreased local temperature, and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold (P<0.05), but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers. Conclusions: SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis, but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.
Objectives:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major concern in Vietnam, mainly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotic management enables us to minimize the ...likelihood of antibiotic resistance and the spread of resistant bacteria. We evaluated vancomycin and colistin resistance and related factors in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hue Central Hospital, a national hospital in central Vietnam.
Methods:
Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, we enrolled 362 patients who were prescribed antibiotics and were admitted to the ICU in 2019. Pathogens isolated from 473 routine clinical samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing following the recommendations in the
Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute M100, 28
th
Edition.
Colistin testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Statistical significance was determined using the Fisher exact test.
Results:
The most commonly identified microorganisms were
Acinetobacter baumannii
(31.5%),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(31.2%),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(12%), and
Staphylococcus aureus
(8.9%). All isolates of
A. baumannii
,
K. pneumoniae
, and
P. aeruginosa
tested with colistin were nonresistant. Moreover, >65% of
A. baumannii
isolates were resistant to all antibiotics except colistin.
S. aureus
had the highest resistance rate to erythromycin (80.6%), but no vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. Factors associated with resistance to at least 1 antibiotic tested included length of stay (OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.47–19.17;
P
= .017), duration of antibiotics therapy (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.46–18.95;
P
= .017), and the use of tracheal intubation and ventilator (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.09–8.72;
P
= .038).
Conclusions:
These data indicated that although the vancomycin and colistin resistance rate is low, patients with longer length of stay, longer time on antibiotics, and invasive ventilation were at higher risk of AMR infection. Decreasing device use and strong antibiotic stewardship program at the hospital would help to reduce AMR infections.
