Druce, a flowering plant, is used for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we determined the chemical composition of the EOs extracted from the leaves (LBEO), stem (SBEO), and ...roots (RBEO) of
and analyzed their anti-inflammation potential. Overall, 30 compounds representing 99.12%, 98.44%, and 96.89% of total EO constituents of the leaves, stem, and roots, respectively, were identified using GC-MS. ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR studies showed that LBEO, SBEO, and RBEO inhibited multiple steps in the inflammatory responses in the RAW 264.7 cell model, including NO production; TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 transcription and translation; and phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 of the NF-κB pathway. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, all three EOs inhibited paw edema at both early and delayed phases. Molecular docking studies indicated that the main components of
EOs (BEOs) targeted and inhibited major components of inflammation-related pathways, including the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, NF-κB pathway, and MAPK pathway. We present the first study to characterize the chemical composition of BEOs and confirm their potent anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis. These results can facilitate the development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs with limited side effects in the future.
Abstract
Delamanid, a-first-in-class bicyclic nitroimidazole, was recently approved for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Pitted against the hope for improving treatment outcomes is the ...threat of the rapid resistance emergence. This review provides information on the mechanisms of action, resistance emergence, and drug susceptibility testing (DST) for delamanid. Delamanid resistance has already been reported in both in vitro experiments and clinical settings. Although mutations conferring delamanid resistance have been identified in fbiA, fbiB, fbiC, ddn, and fgd1 genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, knowledge about the molecular resistance mechanisms is limited, and there remains no standardized DST method. The rapid acquisition of delamanid resistance emphasizes the need for optimal use of new drugs, the need for drug resistance surveillance, and a comprehensive understanding of drug resistance mechanisms. Further studies are necessary to investigate genetic and phenotypic changes that determine clinically relevant delamanid resistance to help develop a rapid delamanid DST.
Although delamanid resistance has been reported in both in vitro and clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and mutations conferring delamanid resistance have been identified in fbiA, fbiB, fbiC, ddn, and fgd, there remains no standardized drug susceptibility testing method, and knowledge about clinically relevant molecular resistance mechanisms is limited.
In this study, heterogeneous catalytic ozonation using fly ash (FA) modified ZnO nanoparticles to the decolorization of acid orange II (AOII) was studied. The combination of ZnO and fly ash via an ...incipient wetness impregnation method to form ZOFA composites created a synergistic effect that led to efficient catalytic ozonation activity towards AOII degradation and decolorization compared with individual ozonation processes. From the experimental results, ZOFA composite with the optimal weight ratio between ZnO NPs and FA was 20 wt% (denoted as ZOFA-20) that exhibited outstanding catalytic ozonation activity. Moreover, through other investigations including initial pH conditions and catalyst dosage, AOII could be effectively and optimally eliminated by 0.5 g of ZOFA-20 with an initial pH value of 11. The corresponding
k
value was measured as 0.248 min
−1
with a maximum TOC removal content of 77.27%. Besides, ZOFA-20 could show high catalytic ozonation activity even at highly concentrated AOII concentrations while it could also retain its excellent stability and reusability over 5 continuous AOII removal cycles. From the experimental and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results, hydroxyl radical (
·
OH) was the main active species during the catalytic ozonation of AOII. The present study provides a promising approach to prepare novel composite-based fly ash that would be applicable for removing azo dye and other dye pollutants in water via a catalytic ozonation strategy.
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). In order to identify potential genetic variations among ASFV strains circulating in ...Vietnam, 26 ASFV isolates from organs and blood samples collected from domestic pigs from 23 different provinces of northern
,
central and southern Vietnam during 2019-2020 ASF outbreaks were genetically characterized. Nucleotide sequences were determined for a portion of the B646L (p72) gene, the complete E183L (p54) gene, the variable region of EP402R (CD2v), the central variable region (CVR) of pB602L, and a tandem repeat sequence (TRS) between the I73R and I329L genes. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) and EP402R (CD2v) gene sequences and the full-length E183L (p54) gene sequence showed that all 26 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and serotype VIII and that they were identical to the strain Georgia/2007/1 and all ASFV strains sequenced in China. The TRS between the I73R and I329L genes contained a 10-nucleotide insertion that was observed in the Chinese ASFV strain CN201801 isolated from domestic pigs in 2018, but not in the Georgia/2007/1 and China/Jilin/2018/boar strains isolated from wild boar in China. This is the first intra-epidemic genome analysis reported for the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam.
Objectives
We report the prevalence of tobacco smoking among adult populations in Vietnam, 2015.
Methods
The Vietnam GATS 2015 was a nationally representative survey. 9513 households were selected ...using two-stage random systematic sampling method. Handheld computers were used for capturing data. Data collection was carried-out by National Statistics Office of Vietnam in 2015. Weight was used in all estimates.
Results
The Vietnam GATS 2015 found that the prevalence of smoking in Vietnam was 22.5% overall, 45.3% among men, and 1.1% among women. The overall 2015–2010 reduction in prevalence of any tobacco product was 5.3%. However, the reduction was not statistically significant. The significant reduction in prevalence of tobacco smoking was found for any type of cigarette (−8.4%), and especially for hand-rolled cigarettes (−38.3%). The use of cigarettes significantly decreased in urban areas (−14.7%).
Conclusion
The reduction in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Vietnam during the last 5 years (2010–2015) has not been as high as expected, especially in rural areas. Further efforts are needed to continue to reduce the harms caused by tobacco smoking.
As online activities related to purchasing restaurant foods have become more common, user-generated photos (UGPs), including a customer’s face, have emerged as crucial sources of information because ...they offer a better visual cue and create a higher level of trust, subsequently increasing purchase intention. However, little research has examined the effect of facial presence in UGPs on customers’ purchase behavior in restaurants in Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the relationship between facial presence in UGPs and purchase intention while simultaneously testing the mediating role of trust. A two-group design was used, with one group featuring UGPs with facial presence and the other UGPs without facial presence. Results indicate that participants in the UGPs with facial presence condition exhibited a higher level of trust and, hence, a greater purchase intention than those in the UGPs without facial presence condition. These findings expand our understanding of UGPs and purchase intention and provide restaurant managers with valuable practical implications.
During the winter period (October to March), air quality in northern Vietnam is strongly impacted by the northeast monsoon cycles, that create periodic changes in the air masses pathways and the ...meteorological conditions. In this work, an original approach is proposed to identify the main sources contributing to the degradation of air quality in Hanoi and quantify the share of local and imported pollution under the influence of the northeast monsoon. Firstly, semi-climatic trends in particle emissions in East Asia and mainland Southeast Asia were studied using outputs from the NAAPS model, that assimilates space-borne Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observations. From winter 2006/07 to winter 2010/11, the pollution plumes were most frequently located over the Indochina Peninsula, and the smoke partial AOD showed biomass burning activities (natural and anthropogenic) to be responsible. From winter 2011/12 to winter 2019/20 however, the pollution plumes were mostly observed over eastern China and to a lesser extent, Northern Vietnam, and the sulfate partial AOD indicated they came from coal-based industrial activities. Secondly, the impact of the northeast monsoon on the air masses origin was studied using HYSPLIT back-trajectories with clustering over the 14 winter periods. During regular winters, northeastern air masses predominated, which can bring pollution from eastern China and the industrial region surrounding Hanoi (Red River Delta). However, the existence of El Niño perturbed the air masses trajectories during three winters (2014/15, 2015/16 and 2018/19), bringing more western air masses and thus, causing a temporary decrease of the sulfate AOD and simultaneous increase of the smoke AOD over Hanoi. Thirdly, a method to classify the winter days and highlight the influence of cold surges on PM2.5 variability was built, relying only on Hanoi local wind and NAAPS AOD value. This classification allowed to estimate that long-range transport from China during the onset of cold surges caused an average increase of around 30% of the PM2.5 level in Hanoi. Additionally, the contribution of local pollution to the most severe pollution episodes, occurring during the persistence of cold surges, was estimated to be around 40% of the average PM2.5.
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•The dominant sources of winter air pollution in Hanoi switched from biomass burning to industrial activities.•El-Nino episodes change the aerosol loads and the type of aerosols in Hanoi.•During cold surge onsets, long-range transport from China causes an average increase of ∼30% in PM2.5 concentrations.•The stagnation of local pollution during the cold surges persistence causes an average increase of ∼40% in level of PM2.5.
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