Background and Objectives: Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge. The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has declined in many parts of the Greater ...Mekong Subregion, including Vietnam, due to the spread of resistant malaria strains. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)–Piperaquine (PPQ) regimen in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria and to conduct molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in Binh Phuoc and Dak Nong provinces. Materials and Methods: The study included 63 uncomplicated malaria falciparum patients from therapeutic efficacy studies (TES) treated following the WHO treatment guidelines (2009). Molecular marker analysis was performed on all 63 patients. Methods encompassed Sanger sequencing for pfK13 mutations and quantitative real-time PCR for the pfpm2 gene. Results: This study found a marked decrease in the efficacy of the DHA-PPQ regimen, with an increased rate of treatment failures at two study sites. Genetic analysis revealed a significant presence of pfK13 mutations and pfpm2 amplifications, indicating emerging resistance to artemisinin and its partner drug. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the standard DHA-PPQ regimen has sharply declined, with rising treatment failure rates. This decline necessitates a review and possible revision of national malaria treatment guidelines. Importantly, molecular monitoring and clinical efficacy assessments together provide a robust framework for understanding and addressing detection drug resistance in malaria.
A potentiostat is necessary to achieve accurate control of potentials in an electrochemical cell for most electroanalytical techniques. While lab-built potentiostats with specific design objectives ...such as low manufacturing cost and field portability have been developed in recent years, there remain a lack of accessible potentiostats that prioritize measurement quality, user-friendliness, and adaptability for general laboratory use. In response, we present Opensens, an open-source, multi-purpose potentiostat that can function independently or as part of an instrument suite. The Opensens can perform accurately the Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
redox couple experiments as well as the ascorbic acid (AA) detection comparing with the commercial apparatus.
Graphical Abstract
Chemical study on marine sponge‐derivated fungus Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the isolation of seven depsidones (1–7) and two macrocyclic peptides (8 and 9). Their chemical structures were ...elucidated by extensive analyses of HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was an undescribed depsidone. All compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (MICs: 2–128 μg/mL) towards at least one of seven microbial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. Of these, chlorinated depsidones (1–3, and 5) displayed potential antimicrobial activity. Nidulin (2) possessed good activity against tested strains except for S. enterica with MIC values in range of 2–16 μg/mL. Interestingly, undescribed depsidone 1 was selectively bioactive on the Gram‐positive bacteria (MICs: 2–4 μg/mL) and yeast (MIC: 8 μg/mL) but inactivity on the Gram‐negative bacteria (MICs: >256 μg/mL). Macrocyclic peptides, 8 and 9, displayed modest activity against E. faecalis strain with MIC values of 32 and 128 μg/mL, respectively.
Purpose
In early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), patients usually undergo a hysterectomy. However, in fertility sparing surgery (FSS), carefully selected patients could conserve their uterus. ...The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics associated with uterine involvement in patients with early-stage EOC, outside of FSS.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, monocentric, study from 2003 to 2019 and included all patients with a presumed early-stage EOC (FIGO I) who underwent a hysterectomy. The incidence of uterine involvement, predictive factors of uterine involvement, and the impact of uterine involvement on survival (recurrence-free survival and overall survival) were analyzed.
Results
Eighty-five patients had an early-stage EOC. Of these, six had an uterine involvement (7%). The populations of patients with or without uterine involvement did not differ except for CA 125 at diagnosis (136 ± 138 versus 356 ± 723,
p
= 0.04, respectively). No patient or tumor characteristics were predictive of uterine involvement. Uterine involvement was not associated with recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.26, IC95% 0.36–4.4,
p
= 0.72) or overall survival (HR = 0.7, IC95% 0.1–6.1,
p
= 0.77).
Conclusion
Due to the small size of our sample, no conclusion can be drawn, yet it could be hypothesized that, for selected patients, a systematic hysterectomy could be discussed, notably in restaging surgery.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 80%–85% of total cases and leading to millions of deaths worldwide. Drug resistance is the primary cause of ...treatment failure in NSCLC, which urges scientists to develop advanced approaches for NSCLC treatment. Among novel approaches, the miRNA-based method has emerged as a potential approach as it allows researchers to modulate target gene expression. Subsequently, cell behaviors are altered, which leads to the death and the depletion of cancer cells. It has been reported that miRNAs possess the capacity to regulate multiple genes that are involved in various signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, receptor tyrosine kinase/rat sarcoma virus/mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrated, retinoblastoma, p53, transforming growth factor β, and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways in NSCLC results in abnormal cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and drug resistance while inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, understanding the roles of miRNAs in regulating these signaling pathways may enable the development of novel NSCLC treatment therapies. However, a comprehensive review of potential miRNAs in NSCLC treatment has been lacking. Therefore, this review aims to fill the gap by summarizing the up-to-date information on miRNAs regarding their targets, impact on cancer-associated pathways, and prospective outcomes in treating NSCLC. We also discuss current technologies for delivering miRNAs to the target cells, including virus-based, non-viral, and emerging extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems. This knowledge will support future studies to develop an innovative miRNA-based therapy and select a suitable carrier to treat NSCLC effectively.
Truthfulness in accounting creates a significant concern for academics, practitioners, regulators, and the press. This study investigates the influence of the Board of Directors (BOD) characteristics ...on the truthfulness of accounting reports. The research uses quantitative methods to test hypotheses with a sample of 747 listed companies from 2008 to 2020. The results illustrate that the frequency of meetings of the Board of Directors, Board expertise, and Board independence positively influence the truthfulness of the financial reporting. At the same time, the duality of the BOD negatively affects the truthfulness of the financial reporting. Based on the findings, the study recommends developing an appropriate corporate governance system to increase the truthfulness of financial reporting for listed firms in Vietnam.
Adenoviral conjunctivitis is a common epidemic worldwide. In Vietnam, up to 80,000 patients are infected with adenoviral conjunctivitis annually. However, there are few investigations on the ...pathogenic adenoviruses that cause conjunctivitis. In total, 120 eye‐swab samples were collected from patients with viral conjunctivitis symptoms in Hanoi, Vietnam from 2017 to 2019. Human adenoviruse (HAdV) was detected in 67 samples (55.83%) using polymerase chain reaction amplification of at least one of three HAdV‐specific marker genes (hexon, penton, and fiber). Of the 67 HAdV samples, 46 samples could be analyzed by all three marker genes. DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree building based on the three marker genes from the 46 HAdV samples revealed five different HAdV types associated with conjunctivitis in Hanoi, including HAdV‐3 (4.3%), HAdV‐4 (2.2%), HAdV‐8 (89.1%), HAdV‐37 (2.2%), and a potential recombinant type between types HAdV‐8 and HAdV‐3 (2.2%). This showed that HAdV‐8 was the most common type identified in Hanoi. Complete genome analysis of HAdV‐8 isolated from a Vietnamese patient (VN2017) using Sanger sequencing revealed 34 unique nucleotide changes, indicating that the adenovirus continuously accumulates new mutations. Hence, continuous surveillance of HAdV‐8 changes in Vietnam is necessary in the future.
During the process of adapting to metal contamination, plants produce secondary metabolites that have the potential to modulate multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes; this is achieved by inhibiting ...the activity of efflux pumps to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial substrates. Our study evaluated the effect of secondary metabolites of belowground parts of
L. and
two metal-tolerant plants from northern Vietnam, on six antibiotic-resistant
strains possessing efflux pump resistance mechanisms that were isolated from soil and clinical samples. The chemical composition of aqueous and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions extracted from
and
was determined using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/QTOF analysis. The antibacterial and efflux pump inhibitory activities of the four fractions were evaluated for the six strains (K279a, 0366, BurA1, BurE1, PierC1, and 502) using a microdilution assay at fraction concentrations of 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/mL. The DCM fraction of
exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against strain 0366, with a MIC of 31.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, this fraction also significantly decreased gentamicin MIC: four-fold and eight-fold reductions for BurA1 and BurE1 strains, respectively (when tested at 250 μg/mL), and two-fold and eight-fold reductions for K279a and BurE1 strains, respectively (when tested at 125 μg/mL). Pure emodin, the main component identified in the DCM fraction of
, and sennidine A&B only reduced by half the MIC of gentamicin (when tested at 30 μg/mL). Our results suggest that the DCM fraction components of
underground parts may be potential candidates for new bacterial efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a serious emerging infectious disease in cattle caused by a virus of the family
Poxviridae
. According to the Department of Animal Health, LSD first occurred in Vietnam at ...the end of October 2020 in Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces. So far, the disease has infected over 63,000 animals, resulting in 9170 deaths occurring in 32 different provinces in northern and central Vietnam. In this study, skin samples from lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)-infected cattle from the northern provinces of Vietnam displaying clinical symptoms including fever (> 40 °C), runny nose, drooling, and skin lesions were used for genetic characterization and histopathology. Genetic analysis of the partial P32 (LSDV074), partial F (LSDV117), complete RPO30 (LSDV035), and complete G-protein-coupled-chemokine-like receptor (GPCR) (LSDV011) genes showed that all Vietnamese LSDV strains belonged to the genus
Capripoxvirus
and were closely related to LSDV strains isolated in China. Microscopic examination of the skin lesions showed thickening of the epidermal layer of the skin and hair follicles, hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and hemorrhages in the mesoderm.
•We review the diagnostic approaches to lymph nodes involvement in cervical cancer.•We present the possible definitions for lymph nodes micrometastases (MMs) and isolated tumor cells (ITCs).•We ...describe the data regarding prognosis and treatment of patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma with MMs or ITCs.
Lymph node macroscopic involvement in cervical cancer is a well-known prognostic factor, allows the gynecologic-oncologist to identify women at increased risk for recurrence. Since the development of sentinel node biopsy, micrometastases (MMs) and Isolated Tumor Cells (ICTs) have been increasingly identified in cervical cancer, however their prognostic value and treatment are still controversial. We reviewed the literature (MEDLINE and EMBASE database analysis) from inception up to January 2019, concerning the incidence of lymph nodes MMs and ITCs in cervical cancer, their controversial histologic and molecular biology definition, their anatomic distribution, the role of frozen section and the prognostic value and treatment options for women diagnosed with lymph nodes MMs/ITCs.
