Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases and poses significant challenges for the healthcare sector and the ...community. Distress in patients with T2DM leads to severe physical and mental consequences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between distress and the nutritional status of T2DM patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from October to December 2022. Of the participants, 54.2 % were female with an average age of 62.1 (±12.4). The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly different between genders (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high at 46.7 %, with females having a 2.3 times higher WC and a 1.5 times higher WHR compared to males. The study identified several factors related to the nutritional status and distress in T2DM patients, including age, gender, residence, family history of T2DM, lifestyle habits, and nutritional status (p < 0.05). Early and comprehensive evaluation of T2DM patients is essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
•T2DM patients experience severe physical and mental distress. Study included 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology.•54.2% of participants were female, average age 62.1 (±12.4) years.•Significant differences in WC and WHR between genders (p<0.05).•High prevalence of overweight/obesity at 46.7%.•Factors: age, gender, residence, family T2DM history, habits, and nutritional status. Early and comprehensive evaluation improves treatment and quality of life for T2DM patients.
The modeling of Yen Phu (Vietnam) xenotime concentrate leaching by sulfuric acid was studied for the purpose of optimizing the process. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central ...composite face-centered (CCF) design was empirically used to model the interactive effect of the independent variables, namely leaching temperatures of 250–450 °C, acid/concentrate (acid/conc.) mass ratios of 0.8–1.8, and leaching times of 2–6 h, on the dependent response, namely the leaching yield. And a CCF model for the leaching of the concentrate was proposed that exhibited good consistency with the experimental data. The shrinking core models for spherical particles of constant size based on the Arrhenius equation were empirically used to study the kinetics of the leaching. The activation energies calculated from the kinetic models for the chemical reaction and diffusion rate stages have the same value of 17.3 kJ·mol−1, which fitted well to a mixed control model of the chemical reaction followed by a diffusion stage at leaching temperatures in the range of 473–593 K. The kinetic studies of the leaching indicated that the leaching percent rate (or leaching yield) is controlled by the leaching temperature. The optimization of the leaching process was estimated by analyzing the contributions of the coefficients of the CCF model to the leaching yield. The results indicated that the effect of leaching temperature on leaching yield is the strongest; it is five times higher than that of the acid/conc. Mass ratio and four times higher than that of the leaching time. The effects of acid/concentration mass ratio and leaching time on leaching yield are insignificant. In addition, the optimum data for leaching are as follows: the leaching temperature, acid/conc. Mass ratio, and leaching time are 320 °C, 1.3, and 4 h, respectively. The proposed CCF model and kinetic study suggested that the optimization of the Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching is controlled by the leaching temperature; and the CCF model can potentially be applied in the commercial operation of Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching after pilot tests on 50 kg dry concentrate per batch.
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•Commercially feasible technologies have been developed for rare earth elements, especially Nd, Dy, Tb and Y•The RSM for modeling sulfuric acid leaching of Yen Phu xenotime concentrate was developed•The mechanism of the leaching process was analyzed from the study on the kinetic based on the proposed model•Leaching process optimization was estimated based on contribution of proposed model’s coefficients•The proposed model has the potential to be applied for commercial leaching operation.
While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The ...objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.
•Fractures substantially impact both individuals and healthcare systems.•Body mass index is a differential influence the bone mineral density.•Being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia.
Recently, web attacks in general and defacement attacks in particular to websites and web applications have been considered one of major security threats to many enterprises and organizations who ...provide web-based services. A defacement attack can result in a critical effect to the owner’s website, such as instant discontinuity of website operations and damage of the owner’s reputation, which in turn may lead to huge financial losses. A number of techniques, measures and tools for monitoring and detecting website defacements have been researched, developed and deployed in practice. However, some measures and techniques can only work with static web-pages while some others can work with dynamic web-pages, but they require extensive computing resources. The other issues of existing proposals are relatively low detection rate and high false alarm rate because many important elements of web-pages, such as embedded code and images are not processed. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a combination model based on BiLSTM and EfficientNet for website defacement detection. The proposed model processes web-pages’ two important components, including the text content and page screenshot images. The combination model can work effectively with dynamic web-pages and it can produce high detection accuracy as well as low false alarm rate. Experimental results on a dataset of over 96,000 web-pages confirm that the proposed model outperforms existing models on most of measurements. The model’s overall accuracy, F1-score and false positive rate are 97.49%, 96.87% and 1.49%, respectively.
The catalytic effect of red mud on Vietnam anthracite’s combustion characteristics was investigated. The mineralogical composition of the red mud includes CaCO3, Fe2O3, FeO(OH), FeTiO3, and Al(OH)3. ...This red mud is rich in Na, Ca, Al, Fe, and Ti. The combustion characteristics were analyzed by the thermogravimetry method. The combustion effectiveness was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results were derived from a combination of several parameters, such as the ignition temperature, the burnout efficiency, and the amount of heat release. The combustion characteristics of pulverized coal were improved by the introduction of red mud, and the greatest catalytic performance was achieved when the content reached 6%. With the optimal addition, the ignition temperature of anthracite was reduced by 12 °C, and the burnout efficiencies were increased by 2.59% compared to raw anthracite. The amount of heat released by anthracite was increased to 6.93 kJ/g by adding red mud.
World Health Organization (WHO) oral health survey manual is the main guideline for most oral health surveys worldwide. It has been updated several times since 1971; however, using papers and pens ...for data recording remains unchanged. This study aimed to develop the Vietnam Oral Survey Electronics Recorder (VOSER) to record dental caries data based on the WHO 2013 criteria and assess its reliability and efficiency.
VOSER was developed and tested for reliability and efficiency by performing clinical examinations on 365 school children in three key indicator age groups: 120 5-year-old students with primary dentition, 123 8-year-old students with mixed dentition, and 122 12-year-old students with permanent dentition. One gold standard examiner and two trained clerks examined these children using either WHO's paper survey form or VOSER's digital form for dental caries. Recording time, spreadsheet time, DMFT/S, and dmft/s were analyzed to compare the efficiency of VOSER to the paper form. Cohen's Kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were adopted in the data analyses.
Median time of using VOSER was significantly shorter than the standard time in all three dentitions (P < 0.001). Cohen's Kappa values between data collected by VOSER and paper form showed almost perfect agreements (0.927–0.958). DMFT/S and dmft/s values calculated from data collected by both methods had good to excellent reliabilities (0.791–0.997).
VOSER is efficient and reliable for conducting dental caries surveys according to the WHO 2013 criteria and should be utilized in the era of digital technology.
In 1990, Ho Chi Minh City started Community water fluoridation (CWF) at 0.7 ppm F, and in 2000, it was adjusted to 0.5 ppm F. Here, we analyzed dental caries and fluorosis data in Ho Chi Minh City to ...explore commonalities associated with CWF among 12-year-old children.
Dental caries and fluorosis data were collected in 1989, 2003, 2012, and 2019 (N = 4773). Trained dentists scored dental caries using the WHO detection criteria and fluorosis using Dean's Fluorosis Index. We used these data and the k-prototypes method by the R package to identify clusters of participants with shared clinical and water fluoride levels.
We used datasets 1 (4773 participants) and 2 (4194 participants, missing fluorosis data in 1989). K-prototypes analysis identified three clusters in each dataset. Cluster 1, with 80 % of the sample at 0.5 ppm F area characterized by low caries and fluorosis scores. Cluster 2 with 60 % of the sample non-fluoridated area had high caries and low fluorosis scores. Cluster 3, with 75 % of the sample in 0.7 ppm area, had low caries but borderline high fluorosis scores.
Identifying three clusters based on clinical and environmental scores supports the decision to fluoridate the water to prevent caries (0–0.7 ppm) and the shift from 0.7 to 0.5 ppm to keep the caries preventive effect while reducing the risk of fluorosis.
Our results support the effectiveness of CWF in preventing dental caries and the appropriateness of changing the F concentration to reduce the risk of fluorosis while maintaining its effectiveness.
In this paper, the rock displacement phenomenon was investigated to evaluate and prevent the failure and collapse of tunnels and underground spaces. The historical datasets were then analyzed and ...used to develop a novel, simpler intelligent model, that provides better accuracy for predicting rock displacement in tunnels/underground spaces, namely the RF-DE-ANFIS model. Whereas the random forest (RF) algorithm played as a robust tool to reduce the number of input variables to make the model’s structure is simpler, the differential evolutionary algorithm (DE) optimized the parameters of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) under 10-folds cross-validation technique for predicting rock displacement based on the selected input variables (by the RF). The models, such as standalone ANFIS, RF-ANFIS (without the optimization of DE), DE-ANFIS (without the reduction of RF), support vector machine (SVM), RF-SVM, and gene express programming (GEP), were also considered and compared with the RF-DE-ANFIS model to demonstrate the simplicity, as well as high efficiency, of the RF-DE-ANFIS model in predicting rock displacement. The obtained results indicated that the RF-DE-ANFIS model provided the most dominant accuracy (∼86 %) with a simpler structure, and the accuracy was improved by 8 % —12 % compared to the other models. Based on the proposed RF-DE-ANFIS model, the rock displacement phenomenon in tunnels/underground spaces can be early warned and proper solutions can be applied to prevent the failure of tunnels/underground spaces.
The UO2 nuclear fuel pellet process for light water reactors (LWR) includes the conversion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) into UO2 powder and the fabrication of UO2 pellets from such UO2 powder. In ...the paper, studies on UO2 pellet process from ammonium diuranate-derived uranium dioxide powder (UO2 ex-ADU powder) were reported. The UO2 ex-ADU powders were converted from ADU at various temperatures of 973 K, 1023 K and 1073 K and then UO2 pellets prepared from the powders were sintered at temperatures of 1923 K, 1973 K and 2023 K for times of 4 h, 6 h and 8 h. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on quadratic central composite design (CCD) type of face centered (CCF) improved by Box and Hunter was used to model the UO2 pellet process, using MODDE 5.0 software as an assessing tool. On the base of the proposed model, the relationship between the technological parameters and density of the UO2 pellet product was suggested to control the UO2 ex-ADU pellet process as desired levels.
•Modeling and experimental studies were made on UO2 ex-ADU powder preparation.•Time, temperature studies made on UO2 ex-ADU powder.•Parameters were optimized through modeling the UO2 pellet processes using RSM based CCD.•The quadratic mathematical model for the pellet density was determined.•The proposed model was shown a good agreement with the experimental data.
Large rock mass deformation around deep roadways in the weak rocks was a significantproblem in mining activities in Vietnam and other countries. The excavation of roadways leads to highreleasing ...stress, which exceeds the peak strength of spalling surrounding rock and causes it to enter thepost-failure stage. Tensile failures then initiate and develop around the roadways, which causes thefragmentation, dilation, and separation of surrounding rock. The capacity of the primary support systemis low, which results in a severe contraction in the whole section of roadways, which requires findingsolutions to prevent the deformation of rock mass around roadways and technical solutions fromstabilizing for deep roadways. To stability analysis of roadways can be applied analytical, experimental,semi-experimental, and numerical methods. This paper introduces the prevention mechanism of largedeformation of rock mass around roadways using 2-level rock bolts. The research results show that usingthe system of two-level rock bolts can reduce the values of tensile stress on the boundary of roadwaysrange from 10 to 15% compared with only one. The importance of the total displacement of rock mass onthe boundary of roadways will be reduced from 3.47 to 13.85% using six long cable bolts.
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