Rollovers can cause many hazards to the passengers in the car. The main cause of this problem is the driver's sudden steering at high speed to avoid an obstacle or enter a roundabout. To limit this ...phenomenon, it is necessary to equip the car with an active stabilizer bar. In this article, we use a new fuzzy control method to direct an active stabilizer bar. This method is established based on five points of view regarding the stability and responsiveness of the system, so it is called the novel adaptive fuzzy algorithm (NAFC). This is a completely new point in the article compared to previous studies. A combined dynamics model that is a fusion of the seven DOFs spatial dynamics model and the three DOFs motion model. The simulation and calculation occur in the Simulink® interface, with two cases representing the steering angles J-turn and Fish-hook. The speed of the car is changed according to three specific values. According to the calculation results, the vehicle body roll angle is greatly reduced when using active stabilizer bars controlled by the novel adaptive fuzzy algorithm. Besides, the minimum dynamic force value at the rear wheel is better guaranteed. The car's roll index is also sharply reduced when applying this algorithm to the hydraulic stabilizer bar model. In addition, rollover occurs when the car steers the J-turn at v3 and the fish hook at v2 and v3 (if stabilizer bars are unavailable). Meanwhile, car’s stability is always guaranteed in the case of a car with a stabilizer bar using the NAFC algorithm. The article's achievements can be used as a basis for developing more complex control algorithms in the future.
This review provides a comprehensive survey of the structural characteristics of crystal networks of silk soft fibrous materials in correlation with the macroscopic properties/performance and the ...network formation mechanisms. The correlation between the hierarchical mesoscopic structures and the mechanical properties of silk soft fibrous materials including silk fibroin hydrogels and naturally spun silk fibers are addressed based on the hierarchical crystal network models. Namely, two types of hierarchical networks are identified: the weak nanofibril–nanofibril interaction case (i.e., silk fibroin hydrogels), and the strong nanofibril–nanofibril interaction case (i.e., silk fibers). The macroscopic properties, i.e., the rheological/mechanical properties, can be controlled in terms of tuning different levels of hierarchical network structures by ultrasonication‐induced gelation, introducing the initial nucleation centers, etc. Such controls take effect by different mesoscale assembly pathways, which are found to occur via different routes of the nucleation and growth processes. Furthermore, the hierarchical network model of soft fibrous materials can be applied to explain the superior mechanical properties and the unique strain‐hardening behaviors of spider silk fibers within the framework of hierarchical breaking mechanism. Obviously, a knowledge of crystal networks will allow the prediction of the performance and engineering strategy of silk fibrous materials in generals.
The correlation between the mesoscopic structures and the mechanical properties of silk soft fibrous materials are addressed based on the hierarchical crystal network models. In particular, two types of hierarchical networks are discussed: the weak nanofibril–nanofibril interaction case (silk fibroin hydrogels), and the strong nanofibril–nanofibril interaction case (silk fibers).
Insight into the phase-dependent electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of metal oxide nanostructures is important in the rational design of functional nanostructures for realizing ...high-performance electrochemical sensors. This study focuses on elucidating the effect of the crystalline phase on the electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of iron(III) oxide. The α -FeOOH, γ -Fe 2 O 3 , and α -Fe 2 O 3 nanorods were designed by using a simple chemical method and calcining process. The phase-dependent difference in the electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity toward the sensitive response of chloramphenicol (CAP) is observed by the transformation from α -FeOOH to γ -Fe 2 O 3 , and from α -FeOOH to α -Fe 2 O 3 nanorods. We found that the oxygen vacancies formed in phase transformation from α -FeOOH to α -Fe 2 O 3 is a key factor in promoting the electrochemical reduction of chloramphenicol. The α -Fe 2 O 3 nanorods-based electrochemical sensors showed a linear response in the CAP concentration range from 0.1 to 75 μ M with a limit of detection of 60 nM and an electrochemical sensitivity of 2.86 μ A μ M −1 cm −2 . This work further provides valuable physical insight into the phase-dependent electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of metal oxide nanostructures for the rational design of sensing interface.
The study estimates the long-run dynamics of a cleaner environment in promoting the gross domestic product of E7 and G7 countries. The recent study intends to estimate the climate change mitigation ...factor for a cleaner environment with the GDP of E7 countries and G7 countries from 2010 to 2018. For long-run estimation, second-generation panel data techniques including augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillip-Peron technique and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) techniques are applied to draw the long-run inference. The results of the study are robust with VECM technique. The outcomes of the study revealed that climate change mitigation indicators significantly affect the GDP of G7 countries than that of E7 countries. The GDP of both E7 and G7 countries is found depleting due to less clean environment. However, green financing techniques helps to clean the environment and reinforce the confidence of policymakers on the elevation of green economic growth in G7 and E7 countries. Furthermore, study results shown that a 1% rise in green financing index improves the environmental quality by 0.375% in G7 countries, while it purifies 0.3920% environment in E7 countries. There is a need to reduce environmental pollution, shift energy generation sources towards alternative, innovative and green sources.The study also provides different policy implications for the stakeholders guiding to actively promote financial hedging for green financing. So that climate change and envoirnmental pollution reduction could be achieved effectively. The novelty of the study lies in study framework.
This multicentre prospective cohort study aimed to compare the accuracy of the PAASH, WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) scales in predicting the outcomes of adult patients with aneurysmal SAH presented ...to three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from August 2019 to June 2021. Of 415 eligible patients, 32.0% had a 90-day poor outcome, defined as an mRS score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death). The PAASH, WFNS and H&H scales all have good discriminatory abilities for predicting the 90-day poor outcome. There were significant differences in the 90-day mean mRS scores between grades I and II (p = 0.001) and grades II and III (p = 0.001) of the PAASH scale, between grades IV and V (p = 0.026) of the WFNS scale, and between grades IV and V (p < 0.001) of the H&H scale. In contrast to a WFNS grade of IV-V and an H&H grade of IV-V, a PAASH grade of III-V was an independent predictor of the 90-day poor outcome. Because of the more clearly significant difference between the outcomes of the adjacent grades and the more strong effect size for predicting poor outcomes, the PAASH scale was preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.
In this paper, we concern about a modified version of the Keller-Segel model. The Keller-Segel is a system of partial differential equations used for modeling Chemotaxis in which chemical substances ...impact the movement of mobile species. For considering memory effects on the model, we replace the classical derivative with respect to time variable by the time-fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo. From this modification, we focus on the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem associated with such the model. Precisely, when the spatial variable is considered in the space
, a global solution is obtained in a critical homogeneous Besov space with the assumption that the initial datum is sufficiently small. For the bounded domain case, by using a discrete spectrum of the Neumann Laplace operator, we provide the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution in Hilbert scale spaces. Moreover, the blowup behavior is also studied. To overcome the challenges of the problem and obtain all the aforementioned results, we use the Banach fixed point theorem, some special functions like the Mainardi function and the Mittag-Leffler function, as well as their properties.
•The novel method based on CSA is adapted to solve the DNR considering DG problem.•Seven different scenarios of DNR and DG placement are considered.•The proposed method is used to find fundamental ...loop and check radial topology.•The proposed method is applied to the 33, 69 and 119 buses networks for evaluation.•The proposed ACSA method has better performance in comparison to other methods.
This paper proposes a new methodology to optimize network topology and placement of distributed generation (DG) in distribution network with an objective of reduction real power loss and voltage stability enhancement. A meta-heuristic cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) inspired from the obligate brood parasitism of some cuckoo species which lay their eggs in the nests of other birds of other species for solving optimization problems is adapted to simultaneously reconfigure and identify the optimal location and size of DG units in a distribution network. The graph theory is used to determine the search space which reduces infeasible network configurations of reconfiguration process and check the radial constraint of each configuration of distribution network. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated on three different distribution network systems at seven different scenarios. The obtained results show well the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method in distribution network reconfiguration with optimal location and size of DG problems.
Abstract
The ride comfort is controlled by the suspension system. In this article, an active suspension system is used to control vehicle vibration. Vehicle oscillations are simulated by a ...quarter-dynamic model with five state variables. This model includes the influence of the hydraulic actuator in the form of linear differential equations. This is a completely novel model. Besides, the OSMC algorithm is proposed to control the operation of the active suspension system. The controller parameters are optimized by the in-loop algorithm. According to the results of the study, under normal oscillation situations, the maximum and average values of the sprung mass were significantly reduced when the OSMC algorithm was applied. In dangerous situations, the wheel is completely separated from the road surface if the vehicle uses only the passive suspension system or active suspension system with a conventional linear control algorithm. In contrast, the interaction between the wheel and the road surface is always guaranteed when the OSMC algorithm is used to control the operation of the active suspension system. The efficiency that this algorithm brings is very high.
Structure of Human DROSHA Kwon, S. Chul; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Choi, Yeon-Gil ...
Cell,
01/2016, Letnik:
164, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
MicroRNA maturation is initiated by RNase III DROSHA that cleaves the stem loop of primary microRNA. DROSHA functions together with its cofactor DGCR8 in a heterotrimeric complex known as ...Microprocessor. Here, we report the X-ray structure of DROSHA in complex with the C-terminal helix of DGCR8. We find that DROSHA contains two DGCR8-binding sites, one on each RNase III domain (RIIID), which mediate the assembly of Microprocessor. The overall structure of DROSHA is surprisingly similar to that of Dicer despite no sequence homology apart from the C-terminal part, suggesting that DROSHA may have evolved from a Dicer homolog. DROSHA exhibits unique features, including non-canonical zinc-finger motifs, a long insertion in the first RIIID, and the kinked link between Connector helix and RIIID, which explains the 11-bp-measuring “ruler” activity of DROSHA. Our study implicates the evolutionary origin of DROSHA and elucidates the molecular basis of Microprocessor assembly and primary microRNA processing.
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•The atomic structure of human DROSHA is solved at 3.2 Å resolution•Two DGCR8-binding sites on DROSHA mediate heterotrimeric Microprocessor assembly•Structural similarity of DROSHA to Dicer suggests its evolutionary origin•DROSHA-specific features account for the 11-bp measurement mechanism
The heretofore-elusive structure of DROSHA provides insights into how nascent microRNAs are recognized and cleaved in their initial processing step and reveals an unexpected similarity between DROSHA and DICER, the enzyme responsible for the second step of miRNA processing.
For a long time it has been well-known that high-dimensional linear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) can be approximated by Monte Carlo methods with a computational effort which grows ...polynomially both in the dimension and in the reciprocal of the prescribed accuracy. In other words, linear PDEs do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality. For general semilinear PDEs with Lipschitz coefficients, however, it remained an open question whether these suffer from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper we partially solve this open problem. More precisely, we prove in the case of semilinear heat equations with gradient-independent and globally Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities that the computational effort of a variant of the recently introduced multilevel Picard approximations grows at most polynomially both in the dimension and in the reciprocal of the required accuracy.
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