Training classifiers on skewed data can be technically challenging tasks, especially if the data is high-dimensional simultaneously, the tasks can become more difficult. In biomedicine field, skewed ...data type often appears. In this study, we try to deal with this problem by combining asymmetric bagging ensemble classifier (asBagging) that has been presented in previous work and an improved random subspace (RS) generation strategy that is called feature subspace (FSS). Specifically, FSS is a novel method to promote the balance level between accuracy and diversity of base classifiers in asBagging. In view of the strong generalization capability of support vector machine (SVM), we adopt it to be base classifier. Extensive experiments on four benchmark biomedicine data sets indicate that the proposed ensemble learning method outperforms many baseline approaches in terms of Accuracy, F-measure, G-mean and AUC evaluation criterions, thus it can be regarded as an effective and efficient tool to deal with high-dimensional and imbalanced biomedical data.
In today's global competitive marketplace, there is intense pressure for manufacturing industries to continuously reduce and eliminate costly, unscheduled downtime and unexpected breakdowns. With the ...advent of Internet and tether-free technologies, companies necessitate dramatic changes in transforming traditional “
fail and fix (FAF)” maintenance practices to a “
predict and prevent (PAP)” e-maintenance methodology. E-maintenance addresses the fundamental needs of predictive intelligence tools to monitor the degradation rather than detecting the faults in a networked environment and, ultimately to optimize asset utilization in the facility.
This paper introduces the emerging field of e-maintenance and its critical elements. Furthermore, performance assessment and prediction tools are introduced for continuous assessment and prediction of a particular product's performance, ultimately enable proactive maintenance to prevent machine from breakdowns. Recent advances on intelligent prognostic technologies and tools are discussed. Several case studies are introduced to validate these developed technologies and tools.
Depression has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in observational studies. However, the causality of depression on CRC risk remained unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the potential ...causal association between genetic variants related to depression and the risk of CRC using Mendelian randomization (MR). Two-sample MR analysis using summary data was performed to examine whether depression was causally associated with CRC risk. We used 2 sets of instrumental variables (IV) from the genome-wide association study results for analysis. A set of IV related to major depressive disorder contain 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Another set of IV was related to major depression, including 53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Summary data of CRC was from the FinnGen consortium. Based on the results of MR using inverse-variance weighted method, we found that genetically determined major depressive disorder (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.77–1.45) or major depression (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.57–1.04) did not causally increase CRC risk. The results of MR-Egger and the weighted median method are consistent with the inverse-variance weighted method. The two-sample MR analysis showed that depression is not causally associated with CRC risk. Further research is needed to investigate the association between depression and CRC.
Laws of 4D Printing Momeni, Farhang; Ni, Jun
Engineering (Beijing, China),
09/2020, Letnik:
6, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing process. Accordingly, four-dimensional (4D) printing is a manufacturing process that involves multiple research fields. 4D printing ...conserves the general attributes of 3D printing (such as material waste reduction, and elimination of molds, dies, and machining) and further enables the fourth dimension of products to provide intelligent behavior over time. This intelligent behavior is encoded (usually by an inverse mathematical problem) into stimuli-responsive multi-materials during printing, and is enabled by stimuli after printing. The main difference between 3D- and 4D-printed structures is the presence of one additional dimension, which provides for smart evolution over time. However, currently there is no general formula for modeling and predicting this additional dimension. Herein, by starting from fundamentals, we derive and validate a general bi-exponential formula with a particular format that can model the time-dependent behavior of nearly all 4D (hydro-, photochemical-, photothermal-, solvent-, pH-, moisture-, electrochemical-, electrothermal-, ultrasound-, etc. responsive) structures. We show that two types of time constants are needed to capture the correct time-dependent behavior of 4D multi-materials. We introduce the concept of mismatch-driven stress at the interface of active and passive materials in 4D multi-material structures, leading to one of the two time constants. We develop and extract the other time constant from our unified model of time-dependent behavior of nearly all stimuli-responsive materials. Our results starting from the most fundamental concepts and ending with governing equations can serve as general design principles for future research in the field of 4D printing, where time-dependent behaviors should be properly understood, modeled, and predicted.
The increase of alumina calcination temperature from 800 °C to 1300 °C results in the transformation of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 phase accompanying a decrease of specific surface area and the amount of ...tetrahedral Al3+ sites. Over Ru–Ba/alumina catalysts, an increase in alumina calcination temperature would broaden the size distribution of Ru particles, enlarge the metal-to-oxide ratio of Ru, decrease the amount of surface hydroxyl groups, as well as lower the temperature for N2 desorption. As a result, the increase of alumina calcination temperature lessens the effect of hydrogen poisoning and decreases the activation energy for ammonia synthesis. The Ru–Ba/Al2O3 catalyst with alumina calcined at 980 °C having both θ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 shows ammonia synthesis rate three times higher than that with alumina calcined at 800 °C having a γ-Al2O3 phase.
One type of advanced high-strength steel, transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) 780 steel, has been successfully welded to aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6 using friction stir welding (FSW) technique. ...The major Al-Fe interface in the steel side has been analyzed in detail under various welding conditions, where a thin layer of intermetallic compound (IMC) with a thickness of less than 1 μm can be generally observed and the composition was identified to be either FeAl or Fe
3
Al. This thin IMC layer can be shown to be beneficial for joint strength. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed the weld nugget was distributed with sheared-off steel fragments encompassed IMC layers or simply IMC particles. Finally, a stirred-over steel strip embedded in the aluminum matrix was revealed, which would determine the failure mode and is crucial to joint quality based on tensile test results.
Although the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) method applies to many materials, it is necessary to study the anharmonic interaction for extremely anharmonic materials. In this work, the unusual ...negative thermal expansion (NTE) property of CaTiF6 is studied by combing QHA and anharmonic interaction. The improved self-consistent phonon approximation (ISCPA), which treats anharmonic effects in solids nonperturbatively, is employed. The agreement of NTE behavior between the calculation and the experiment can be further promoted from qualitative consistency by QHA to quantitative consistency by the ISCPA. From mode Grüneisen parameters, it is found that the low-frequency phonons, especially acoustic phonons, contribute greatly to the NTE behavior of CaTiF6. The rigid unit modes (RUMs) of low-frequency optical phonons can be identified. The phonon lifetime of CaTiF6 is calculated from three-phonon interactions; thereby, the NTE mechanism can be further explored by phonon lifetimes of phonons with different frequencies on heating. The anomalous lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) is predicted using the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation. The glasslike LTC can occur in crystal CaTiF6.
Borated alumina supported 5wt% Ni catalysts with B2O3 loading varying from 0wt%, 1wt%, 5wt% to 10wt% were prepared and characterized by XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD, in situ DRIFTS study, and ...evaluated for dry reforming of methane. The addition of B2O3 influences the activity and stability of the catalysts significantly. Ni particle size increases from 5.8 to 9.1nm with increasing the B2O3 loading from 0 to 10wt%. In the kinetic control temperature region (700°C) there is no linear relationship between the Ni particle size and the catalyst activity/stability. The formation of strong Lewis acid sites causes severe carbon deposition on 1wt% and 10wt% B2O3 loaded Ni catalysts, hence decreasing catalytic activity and stability. The formation of weak Lewis acid sites and O–H groups on 5wt% B2O3 promoted Ni catalyst is found to significantly facilitate carbon removal and improve the stability of the catalysts. The reaction mechanism of dry reforming of methane over borated-alumina supported Ni catalysts is proposed, especially the promotional effect of OH groups on the suppression of carbon formation being emphasized.
Display omitted
► B2O3 influences the activity and stability of the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts significantly. ► No linear relationship between the Ni particle size and the catalyst activity/stability at 700°C. ► 5wt% B2O3 promoted Ni catalyst shows significantly improved stability. ► O–H groups regenerated during reaction play crucial role in carbon removal: C⁎+OH→COH⁎→CO+H⁎. ► A dissociative reaction mechanism over borated-alumina supported Ni catalysts is proposed.
The contamination of Cd and Cu in soil is a great threat to medicinal plant. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a potential soil pH adjuster to reduce metal toxicity. However, how GGBS ...affects the quality and yield of herbal plants under the stress of Cd and Cu is not clear. This study aims to investigate the quality and yield of a medicinal plant (Pseudostellaria heterophylla) responding to GGBS treatment in Cd and Cu contaminated soil. GGBS with three mass percentages (0%, 3%, 5%) was added into contaminated lateritic soils for planting. Each condition had 21 replicated seedlings. The concentrations of Cd and Cu in plant, amounts of active ingredients (polysaccarides and saponins) in medicinal organ, and tuber properties were measured after harvest. The results showed that under 3% and 5% GGBS treatments, Cd and Cu accumulations in all plant organs (leaf, stem, root and tuber) were reduced by 69.4–86.0% and 10.3–30.1%, respectively. They were below the permissible limits (World Health Organization, WHO). Even though the concentrations of active ingredients in P. heterophylla tuber decreased by up to 35.8%, they still met Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica standard. Besides, the biomass of root tuber increased by 9.8% and 46%, due to 3% and 5% GGBS treatments, respectively. The recommended 5% GGBS treatment in practice can balance the reduction of active ingredients and the increase of plant yield when minimizing Cd and Cu accumulation in tuber.
Display omitted
•The accumulation of Cd and Cu in plant reduces significantly under GGBS treatment.•The reduction of Cu concentration in plant organ is less significant than that of Cd.•The concentration of active ingredients decreases with an increasing GGBS percentage.•An application of 5% GGBS increases the yield by up to 46%, as compared with control.•GGBS application is recommended for P. heterophylla against metal toxicity.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequently observed forms of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly thought to play a key role in regulating the onset and progression of a wide ...range of cancer types. In the present report, we found that miR-455-5p expression was significantly decreased in both HCC patient tumor tissues and cell lines, and that this reduction in expression was linked to poorer patient outcomes. When we overexpressed miR-455-5p in HCC cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2), this was linked with impaired proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. We further found that this miRNA was able to directly bind the insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) 3′-untranslated region, thereby suppressing IGF-1R expression in HCC cells. Consistent with this, miR-455-5p overexpression was associated with reduced glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 expression, which in turn inhibited HCC cell uptake of glucose, production of lactate, and generation of ATP. Together these results thus indicate that mIR-455-5p is able to suppress tumor functionality via impairing glycolysis in HCC cells, highlighting this miRNA as a potential target for anti-cancer therapeutic interventions.
PDF
