Tianshu capsule (TSC), a formula of traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in clinical practice for prophylactic treatment of headaches in China. However, former clinical trials of TSC ...were small, and lack of a standard set of diagnostic criteria to enroll patients. The study was conducted to re-evaluate the efficacy and safety of TSC post-marketing in an extending number of migraineurs who have diagnosed migraine with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version, ICHD-3β).
The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that conducted at 20 clinical centers in China. At enrollment, patients between 18 and 65 years of age diagnosed with migraine were assigned to receive either TSC (4.08 g, three times daily) or a matched placebo according to a randomization protocol. The primary endpoint was a relative reduction of 50% or more in the frequency of headache attacks. The secondary outcomes included a reduction in the incidence of headache, the visual analogue scale of headache attacks, days of acute analgesic usage, and percentage of patients with a decrease of 50% or more in headache severity. Accompanying symptoms were also assessed.
One thousand migraine patients were initially enrolled in the study, and 919 of them completed the trial. Following the 12-week treatment, significant improvement was observed in the TSC group concerning both primary and secondary outcomes. After therapy discontinuation, the gap between the TSC group and the placebo group in efficacy outcomes continued to increase. There were no severe adverse effects.
TSC is an effective, well-tolerated medicine for prophylactic treatment of migraine, and still have prophylactic effect after medicine discontinuation.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02035111; Data of registration: 2014-01-10.
Abstract Sepsis, the leading cause of death in intensive care units, is associated with overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). The mechanism concerning the NO production in the sepsis caused by both ...Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is largely unknown. The present study examines the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Staphylococcus aureus -induced NO production in macrophages. In the naïve murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSa) induced a significant NO production at a high concentration (100 μg/ml). However, pretreatment of the cells with increasing concentration of LPS (10–50 ng/ml) resulted in induction of NO production by HKSa even at the doses of 1 and 10 μg/ml. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in response to HKSa was also enhanced by LPS pretreatment, suggesting that LPS priming NO production is due to the enhancement of iNOS expression. We examined whether protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcineurin signaling pathways are involved in the priming effects of LPS. It was found that the PKC inhibitor Gö6976, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A significantly reversed the priming effects of LPS on HKSa-induced NO production and iNOS expression. In contrast, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 did not block the induction of priming by LPS. These data support the hypothesis that LPS primes macrophages for enhancement of HKSa-induced NO production, and indicate that PKC, p38 and calcineurin might be involved in the LPS-induced priming.
In this paper, we propose a novel framework to investigate the three-factor tradeoff among spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE) and delay in D2D communications underlaying cellular ...networks. Taking both channel state information and queue state information into account, a stochastic multi-objective optimization problem is formulated aiming at maximizing SE and EE simultaneously subject to the queue stability constraint, where subchannel allocation and power optimization are jointly considered. The single-objective optimization problem is then derived with the help of weighted sum method and Lyapunov techniques, where an effective algorithm is designed to achieve the three-factor tradeoff among SE, EE and delay. Afterwards, the optimal subchannel and power allocation is obtained via the Lagrangian dual decomposition method, which only requires polynomial computational complexity. Both in-depth theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm enables the system controller to comprehensively balance the three-factor tradeoff among SE, EE and delay by flexibly adjusting two introduced weighting parameters.
In order to promote the application of life cycle assessment and provide references for China to make the project of infrastructure for hydrogen sources of fuel cell vehicles in the near future, 10 ...feasible plans of infrastructure for hydrogen sources of fuel cell vehicles were designed according to the current technologies of producing, storing and transporting hydrogen. Then life cycle assessment was used as a tool to evaluate the environmental performances of the 10 plans. The standard indexes of classified environmental impacts of every plan were gotten and sensitivity analysis for several parameters were carried out. The results showed that the best plan was that hydrogen will be produced by natural gas steam reforming in central factory, then transported to refuelling stations through pipelines, and filled to fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen gas at last.
PDF
