The Epstein-Penner convex hull construction associates to every decorated punctured hyperbolic surface a convex set in the Minkowski space. It works in the de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces as ...well. In these three spaces, the quotient of the spacelike boundary part of the convex set has an induced Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic metric, respectively, with conical singularities. We show that this gives a bijection from the decorated Teichmüller space to a moduli space of such metrics in the Euclidean and hyperbolic cases, as well as a bijection between specific subspaces of them in the spherical case. Moreover, varying the decoration of a fixed hyperbolic surface corresponds to a discrete conformal change of the metric. This gives a new 3-dimensional interpretation of discrete conformality which is in a sense inverse to the Bobenko-Pinkall-Springborn interpretation.
Urban green open space is a valuable resource for physical activities of urban inhabitants and has the potential to reduce chronic illness and improve health. Research on the relationships between ...green open space and physical activity is incomplete and limited in China. Thus, the study examines how the urban green open space contributes to physical activity.
A questionnaire was designed based on the social ecology theory to investigate the physical activity of 513 residents in urban green open space. We use the time and frequency of residents exercising in urban green space to measure physical activity, and use the factor analysis to synthesize a large number of original factors (i.e., infrastructure, safety, accessibility, landscape quality, and space environment) into relatively few composite indicators. Based on the collected data of the cross-sectional population, the Order Probit regression model was constructed to analyze how urban green open space affects the residents' physical activity from the perspective of social ecology.
① in community factors: accessibility is significantly positive correlation with residents' physical activity, and there is no significant correlation between safety and physical activity; ②in natural factors: space environment and landscape quality are not significantly correlated with residents' physical activity; ③ in built environmental factors: infrastructures, the area of green space, the size of open space, and entertainment facilities are significantly correlated to residents' activity. Basketball courts, volleyball courts, swimming pools, and sports equipment will promote physical activity; ④ apart from the attributes of green open space, other factors are significantly correlated to physical activity in the green open space, e.g. having a companion.
Urban green open space plays an important role in promoting physical activity especially among the women and the old, and improving the attributes (such as accessibility, infrastructures, the area of green space, the size of open space and entertainment facilities) of the urban green open space and trying to set up group sports proper to play with companion (like "square dancing" and "Tai Chi") can promote Chinese residents' physical activity so as to improve public health. The results are significant to facilitate environment health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To maintain antimicrobial activity, frequent administration of conventional formulations of many antibiotics with short half-life is necessary. Otherwise, concentration under MIC occurs frequently in ...the course of anti-infective treatment, which induces antibiotic resistance. By maintaining a constant plasma drug concentration over MIC for a prolonged period, extended-release dosage forms maximize the therapeutic effect of antibiotics while minimizing antibiotic resistance. Another undoubted advantage of extended-release formulation is improved patient compliance. For better release properties, many materials have been introduced into the matrix and coating extended-release system in the past few years. Materials that have been widely used in industry are hydrophilic matrix materials such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The excellent biocompatibility and extensive laboratory studies provide biodegradable polymers great potential for industrial applications. In addition, it seems like the researches on tailored materials that are obtained by chemical modification of the existing materials or combination of different carriers in physical mixtures have a long way to go. Meanwhile, with the development of polymers and inorganic porous nanocarriers, nanotechnology is applied increasingly for the extended delivery of antibiotics. This review highlights the development of materials used in extended-release formulation and nanoparticles for antibiotic delivery. We also provide an overview of the antibiotic extended-release products that have provided clinical benefit or are undergoing the clinical trial.
For convex hypersurfaces in the affine space
A
n
+
1
(
n
≥
2
), A.-M. Li introduced the notion of
α
-normal field as a generalization of the affine normal field. By studying a Monge–Ampère equation ...with gradient blowup boundary condition, we show that regular domains in
A
n
+
1
, defined with respect to a proper convex cone and satisfying some regularity assumption if
n
≥
3
, are foliated by complete convex hypersurfaces with constant Gauss–Kronecker curvature relative to the Li-normalization. When
n
=
2
, a key feature is that no regularity assumption is required, and the result extends our recent work about the
α
=
1
case.
The tight binding enabled by tailor‐made macrocycles can be manipulated for tuning the catalysis process. In parallel to well‐developed crown ether‐based cation‐binding catalysis, a ...macrocycle‐enabled counteranion trapping strategy is presented for boosting highly efficient and enantioselective catalysis. A set of bis‐diarylthiourea macrocycles containing two BINOL moieties were designed and synthesized. They possess a well‐confined chiral cavity and strong binding affinities towards disulfonate anions. Caused by the tight binding, just 1 mol % macrocycle in combination with 1 mol % ethanedisulfonic acid can promote excellent conversion and up to 99 % ee in the Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with imines. The acid or the macrocycle alone do not afford any reactivity. The high catalytic efficiency and excellent stereocontrol was ascribed to large, complexation‐induced acidity enhancement and tight ion‐pairing facilitated by cave‐like macrocyclic cavity.
Macrocycles in action: A chiral macrocycle‐enabled counteranion trapping strategy was demonstrated for boosting highly efficient and selective catalysis. Just 1 mol % of the designer macrocycle can promote excellent conversion and up to 99 % ee in combination with 1 mol % achiral acid, which is inactive alone.
The correlation coefficient can calculate paired correlations among different ecological indicators as a whole, but it cannot calculate the specific interval association and the correlation among ...multiple indicators. This paper proposed an interval association (IA) method of the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), based on the concept lattice and frequent closed itemset. In the IA method, the ecosystem was viewed as a complex system with a hierarchical structure, and the association among multiple indicators was calculated using the information granulation of RSEI. The interval association support degree (IASD) could measure the association clustering strength of these IA concepts. Calculation of MODIS data compiled by Google Earth Engine (GEE) showed that the IA concepts of RSEI in China were primarily composed of selected middle indicator intervals in 2017. The overall eco-environmental condition in China was general when assessed through IA. The spatial distribution of the remote sensing eco-environment in China displayed strong spatial association clustering. Furthermore, the IA of RSEI focused on the first few concepts with high IASD values.
External stimuli, such as ultrasound, magnetic field, and light, can be applied to activate in vivo tumor targeting. Herein, we fabricated polymer encapsulated gold nanorods to couple the ...photothermal properties of gold nanorods and the thermo- and pH-responsive properties of polymers in a single nanocomposite. The activation mechamism was thus transformed from heat to near-infrared (NIR) laser, which can be more easily controlled. Doxorubicin, a clinical anticancer drug, can be loaded into the nanocomposite through electrostatic interactions with high loading content up to 24%. The nanocomposite’s accumulation in tumor post systematic administration can be significantly enhanced by NIR laser irradiation, providing a prerequisite for their therapeutic application which almost completely inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis. Since laser can be manipulated very precisely and flexibly, the nanocomposite provides an ideally versatile platform to simultaneously deliver heat and anticancer drugs in a laser-activation mechanism with facile control of the area, time, and dosage. The NIR laser-induced targeted cancer thermo-chemotherapy without using targeting ligands represents a novel targeted anticancer strategy with facile control and practical efficacy.
Given the inherent characteristics of a practical case, a group decision making (GDM) support model integrated with prospect theory-based consistency recovery strategies based on multiplicative ...probabilistic linguistic preference information is proposed. Some basic concepts related to probabilistic linguistic term sets as well as multiplicative linguistic preference relations and prospect theory are reviewed for subsequent analysis. Multiplicative probabilistic linguistic preference relations (MPLPRs) and normalized MPLPRs are also defined to describe practical GDM problems. Subsequently, a consistency measure of MPLPRs is investigated to obtain a consistency level. Moreover, prospect theory-based consistency recovery strategies are explored and used to build a GDM support model that considers different risk attitudes of decision makers. Its applicability and effectiveness are validated by conducting an illustrative example and a comparative analysis with other existing methods in the context of energy site selection. Finally, conclusions are drawn.
Biohazards are widely present in wastewater, and contaminated water can arouse various waterborne diseases. Therefore, effectively removing biohazards from water is a worldwide need. In this study, a ...novel visible-light-driven (VLD) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst with high photocatalytic bacterial inactivation activity was successfully synthesized using a facile hydrothermal-calcination approach. The optimum synthesized hybrid photocatalyst is composed of micron-sized TiO2 spheres (average diameter: ca. 2 μm) and wrapped with lamellar g-C3N4 (thickness: ca. 2 nm), with narrowing bandgap (ca. 2.48 eV), leading to a significant improvement of visible light (VL) absorption and effective separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs. This greatly enhances VL photocatalytic inactivation activity towards bacteria in water. Using this hybrid photocatalyst, 107 cfu mL−1 of Escherichia coli K-12 could be completely inactivated within 180 min under VL irradiation. SEM images indicate that bacterial cells were greatly damaged, leading to a severe leakage of intracellular components during photocatalytic inactivation processes. The study concludes that bacterial cell destruction and water disinfection can be achieved using this newly fabricated VLD hybrid photocatalyst.
Display omitted
•g-C3N4/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal-calcination method.•The visible light photocatalytic activity of catalyst was significantly enhanced.•Escherichia coli could be completely photocatalytically inactivated and destructed.•Effective separation of e−-h+ pairs lead to excellent photocatalytic activity.
This study investigated the molecular mechanism by which sodium butyrate (NaB) causes oxidative stress damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cow mammary epithelial cells (MAC‐T). We found ...that NaB significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity and decreased the reactive oxygen species production in LPS‐induced MAC‐T cells. NaB attenuated protein damage and reduced apoptosis in LPS‐induced MAC‐T cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of caspase‐3, caspase‐9, and Bax decreased, while the Bcl‐2 mRNA level increased in LPS‐induced MAC‐T cells treated with NaB. Our results showed that NaB treatment increased the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and phospho‐AKT (P‐AKT) protein levels, whereas it decreased the Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 protein levels in LPS‐induced MAC‐T cells. However, the increase in PI3K and P‐AKT protein levels and the decrease in Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 protein levels induced by NaB treatment were reversed when the cells were pretreated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). These results indicate that NaB ameliorates LPS‐induced oxidative damage by increasing antioxidative enzyme activities and ameliorating protein damage in MAC‐T cells. In addition, NaB decreased apoptosis by inhibiting caspase‐3, caspase‐9, and Bax protein levels, and this action was mainly achieved via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LPS‐induced MAC‐T cells. These results provide substantial information for NaB as a chemical supplement to treat oxidative stress and its related diseases in ruminants.
In this study, we found that sodium butyrate (NaB) could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cow mammary epithelial cells (MAC‐T). We think that this interesting chemical (NaB) could be used in the future to treat mastitis. More important, NaB can be obtained very easily and cost effectively. NaB and agriculture are combined to solve problems in agricultural production. NaB can be used as a feed additive to feed ruminants.
PDF
